Kubera iki urwego rw'igendereza rwa gisirikare rw'Uburusiya, GRU, rutinyitse cane?

Nimba kuvuga ko igendereza rikomeye ari ugukorera mu gifuri, aho rero urwego rw'igendereza rwa gisirikare rw'Uburusiya, GRU, nirwo ruzoba ari urwa mbere.

Mu gihe c'ubutegetsi bwa gikomunista, urwego rw'igendereza rw'ico gihe, KGB rwari nk'igihume c'Uburusiya ku bihugu vyo mu burengero, haba mu gucengetera mu bihugu kw'isi canke gutuza abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi ico gihe, ariko ni abantu bake bari bazi GRU.

Uru rwego rwa gisirikare rujejwe igendereza - GRU bisigura Ibiro Bikuru vy'Igendereza - rworwo rwabayeho igihe kirekire gusumba KGB igihe Reta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti zasambuka mu 1991, ariko ziboneka ko ziriko ziranaguka muri kino gihe.

Ubwongereza bwagiriza uru rwego ko ari rwo rwahaye isumu uwahoze ari umutegetsi wa GRU n'umukobwa wiwe mu 2018 baba mu Bwongereza, mbere na Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zikarwagiriza ko ari rwo rukora ibitero ku nyabwonko.

Abakozi barwo bavugwa ko bafise uruhara rukomeye mu ntambara zo muri Ukraine na Syria.

Muri uku kwezi naho, abategetsi babiri bagirizwa ko ari bo bahaye isumu uyo murusiya yaba mu Bwongereza, ahitwa Salisbury, bagirizwa n'abategetsi ba Repubulika ya Tcheque (Czech Republic ) ko bafise uruhara mu bibombe vyaturikiye ku bubiko bw'ibirwanisho muri iki gihugu mu 2014 cihaye inganda.

Ni ibiki neza na neza bizwi kuri GRU?

Uburusiya bufise urwego rujejwe igendereza kuva mu myaka irenga 200 irangiye, igihe hashingwa Ibiro bidasanzwe (Special Bureau) mu gihe umwami Napoleon w'Ubufaransa yari mu ntambara n'ibihugu bitari bike vy'Uburayi.

Inyuma y'impinduka zabaye mu Burusiya (Russian Revolution), uru rwego rwatunganijwe gushasha ruca rwitwa GRU mu 1942 - mu gihe intambara ya kabiri y'isi yose yariko irabica bigacika, maze ruca ruhabwa igikorwa co kurondera amakuru y'igendereza hanze, mu Budagi no mu bihugu vy'uburengero vyari vyishize hamwe.

Mu gihe ca ya ntambara y'ukwikekana (Guerre Froide/Cold War), kimwe mu vyo rwibukirwako bikomeye ni uko rwashoboye gucengeteramu mugambi w'Ubwongerea wo guhingura ikibombe ruhonyanganda c'ubumara.

Hampande y'abakozi basanzwe, GRU ifise ingabo zidasanzwe z'abakomando (spetsnaz), bajejwe ibikorwa co gutororokanya amakuru hamwe no gutoba (sabotage). Mu gihe c'ubutegetsi bw'aba Soviyeti, barangwa mu burere butari buke bwavugwamwo intambara, mbere banayobora igitero c'Uburusiya muri Afghanistan mu 1979.

Igihe Uburusiya busambuka, umukeba mukuru wa GRU, uyu nawe akaba yari KGB (urwego rw'igendereza ry'igipolisi), yacitsemwo kubiri; urwego rukorera hagati mu gihugu rwitwa FSB (rwigeze kurongorwa na Perezida Vladimir Putin) hamwe n'urwego rukorera hanze rwiswe SVR - ariko GRU yoyo yagumye uko yamye.

Mu 2021, yarahinduye izina, aho kwitwa Ibiro Bikuru vy'Igendereza, yiswe Ibiro Bikuru (GU), ariko impfunyapfunyo GRU yoyo yagumye iri uko.

Icegeranyo ca Congres ya Amerika kivuga ko GRU ari "urwego runini, rwagutse kandi rukomeye" ariko ikizwi ni uko ata vyinshi bizwi kuri rwo ku bijanye n'ingene rungana hamwe n'ibikorwa vyarwo.

Havugwa incamake gusa ku bijanye n'ivyo rujejwe nk'igisata kijejwe igendereza ryo hanze, ibi bikaba biri ku rubuga ngurukanabumenyi rwubushikiranganji bwo kwivuna abansi bw'Uburusiya - rukaba rwo ubwarwo ata rubuga ngurukanabumenyi rufise rwisangije.

Ubu bushikiranganji buvuga ko rufise akazi ko "gushiraho uburyo bwofasha politike y'umutekano n'ukwivuna abansi ishirwa mu ngiro neza" kandi rugaha abategetsi amakuru y'igendereza "bakeneye kugira ngo bafate ingingo zitandukanye mu bijanye na politike, ubutunzi, ukwivuna abansi, ubumenyi n'ubuhinga, no mu bidukikije".

Uru rwego GRU rurangwa n'ibanga rikomeye ku buryo igihe mu 2016 umuyobozi warwo ico gihe, Igor Sergun, yapfa giturumbuka, Kremlin ntiyigeze ivuga icamwishe canke aho yapfiriye mw'itangazo ryayo rya mbere.

Ni igiki kizwi kuri GRU muri kino gihe?

Mu gihe yari arongoye uru rwego kuva mu 2011, Sergun yari yashizwe ku rutonde rw'Abarusiya bo ku rwego rwo hejuru bafatiwe ibihano n'umuryango wa Buraya na Amerika inyuma y'aho Uburusiya bwigaruriye Crimea mu 2014 buyinyaze Ukraine.

Umuryango wa Buraya kandi wamwagiriza ko ari we "yari ahagarariye ibikorwa vy'ingabo za GRU" mu gufata mu mugongo inyeshamba zarwanira mu buseruko bwa Ukraine.

Abihweza ibintu n'ibindi bavuga ko Sergun ari we yashoboye kunagura GRU igihe yari mu bibazo bikomeye, ikaba yabonetse ko ari yo yari ikomeye ku rubuga muri Ukraine gusumba FSB.

Umwe mu ntwazangabo nkuru z'inyeshamba, Igor Girkin yari azwi nka Strelkov, yagirijwe ko yari umukozi wa GRU, ivyatumye umuryango wa Buraya umushira kuri urwo rutonde.

Sergun ntiyashoboye kubandanya abaho kugira ngo yibonere inkurikizi z'ivyagirizwa GRU: kwiba amabanga y'imyiyamamazo ya Hillary Clinton mu matora ya 2016 hamwe n'umugambwe w'aba Dempocrats muri Amerika, ivyatumye ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'ubutumwa bw'ibanga buja ahabona, ivyo vyose mu ntumbero yo guteza urubwa uyo munyapolitike yaboneka ko ari umwansi w'Uburusiya yariko arahiganwa ngo arongore Amerika.

Urwego rw'ubutungane rwahavuye rwagiriza Abarusiya 12 ko ari bo bakoze ubwo busuma bwo ku nyabwonko. Bose bagirijwe ko bakorera GRU. Kremlin yishuye ko ata vyemezo vyari bihari ko abo bantu 12 bakorera igendereza rya gisirikare canke ko ari bo bakoze ubwo busuma.

Nimba koko GRU yarashoboye gukora ibikorwa muri Ukraine ikanavogera aba Democrats muri Amerika, aho rero barashitse ku ntego yabo: inyeshamba zibandanya zigaruriye akarere zafashe mu buseruko bwa Ukraine gushika ubu, hanyuma Hillary Clinton nawe akaba yaratsinzwe bikomeye na Donald Trump mu matora yo mu 2016.

Ariko ibindi bitero vyagirijwe urwo rwego bisa n'uko bitagenze neza, n'aho vyagize ingaruka mbi cane nk'akarorero ivyabereye i Salisbury, aho hari umugore yahasize ubuzima.

Abantu babiri bavugwa ko ari abakozi ba GRU bari barungitswe mu Bwongereza, uretse ko bananiwe no kwica uwo barondera, Sergei Skripal, bahasize ibimenyetso vyabo bituma bamenyekana, bikerekana ko ata burambe bari bafise - n'aho bashoboye kwerekana ko Uburusiya bwari bwiteguye gukora ibishoboka vyose kugira ngo bushike ku ntego yabwo mu bijanye n'umutekano.

Skripal yari yagiriwe n'icaha c'ubuhemu agapfungirwa mu Burusiya, yari yarekuwe mu gikorwa co guhanahana impfungwa cabaye mu 2010.

Muri uwo mwaka nyene haba igitero c'isumu ca Salisbury, abikekwa ko ari abakozi ba GRU bane barafatanywe itonga mu Buholande bariko bagerageza kwiba umuyoboro wa WiFi w'urwego rushinzwe kugenzura ibirwanisho vy'ubumara, OPCW, rwariko rurakora igendereza ku kungene Skripal yahawe isumu, co kimwe n'ibitero c'ubumara muri Syria.

Mu nyuma abategetsi b'Ubuholande bahavuye babarekura barataha, ariko ivyo bariko bakorera ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi n'ibikaratasi bari bafise vyasigayeho nk'ivyemezo vy'ivyo bariko barakora.

Ico gihe, umuhinga muvyo umutekano Mark Galeotti yabwiye BBC ati: "GRU imaze igihe ikora cane, kandi bitebe bitebuka ibikorwa vyayo bizoja ahabona. Ivyo ntibisobanura ko ari ibijuju. Baronka inzira nyayo yo gukora".