Coronavirus: Abahinga bavuga ko ata guta ishavu ku buhungarema

Buri gihe, Dr Mathieu Bourgarel yama ariko asaba impusha ku bakuru b'uducimbiri kugira ngo ashobore kugendera amasenga azwi ko atanga imigisha.

Yambaye agapfukamunwa kamufuka hose, hamwe n'ama "gants", agaca amanuka ahantu hatabona aca ku ngazi zikozwe mu migozi gushika mu twumba duto cane muri ayo masenga.

Akamoto k'utwo duhungarema (canke uducurama mu Kinyarwanda) kari hose, amahenehene akwiragiye hose.

Rimwe rimwe, arashobora kugwa ku gahungarema kagisinziriye.

Abantu muri kano gace ka Zimbabwe bavuga ko ubuhungarema ari "ibisigo bifise amababa", "imende ziguruka" canke mu majambo make "ibigesera".

Nk'uko bimeze n'ahandi kw'isi, ibi bikoko biguruka bizwi nabi. Kubw'uyu muhinga mu bijanye n'ibidukikije, ni ibiremwa vyiza kandi bitangaje. Agira ati: "Ni ukuri ni ibikoko biteye igomwe. Abantu bafise ubwoba ku kintu batazi".

Dr Bourgarel ajejwe ubushakashatsi mu bijanye n'imigera mu kigo c'Ubufaransa kijejwe ubushakashatsi, Cirad. Mu gukorana na bagenziwe kuri kaminuza ya Zimbabwe, yarashoboye kwinjira muri ayo masenga y'ubuhungarema aregeranya ibisigazwa vyabwo.

Bagarutse muri laboratoire, aba bahinga bashoboye gutoramwo no kwihweza ibigize imigera iva mu buhungarema.

Bamaze gutoramwo imigera ya coronavirus itandukanye harimwo n'umwe ufitaniye isano n'imigera ya SARS na SARS-Covid-2.

Ubu bushakashatsi buri mu twigoro turiko turakorwa mu mpande zitandukanye z'isi mu kurondera ibigize ubwoko bw'iyi migera iri mu buhungarema, biyituma ikwirakwira ningoga iyo ishitse mu bantu.

Dr Elizabeth Gori wo kw'ishure kaminuza ya Zimbabwe avuga ati: "Abanyagihugu barakunda kuja muri ibi bibanza bibamwo ubuhungarema barondera guano, amase akomoka kuri buhungarema akoreshwa mu burimyi. Rero ni vyiza kumenya imigera ishobora kuba itunzwe n'ubuhungarema kubera ishobora kwandukira abantu".

Abahinga mu bijanye n'ubuhungarema baratanguje isekeza bise Don't Blame Bats (ntimute ishavu ku buhungarema) mu ntumbero yo gukura ubwoba mu bantu n'imigirwa bidafise ishingiro ku bijanye n'ubuhungarema, kandi bikabangamira ubuzima bwabwo.

Bavuga ko ubuhungarema buri mu bikoko bizwi nabi cane kandi bisuzugurwa kw'isi.

Mu gihe haciye igihe kirekire busuzugurwa, buhohoterwa kandi bwinubwa kubera imico, bufatwa ko ari bwo nkwezi y'amabi abangamira kiremwamuntu.

Ubu bwoba n'ukwinubwa kw'ubuhungarema vyagiye kwiyongera muri kino gihe ca Covid.

Gushika ubu, ntibirashoboka kumenya neza na neza amamuko y'uwu mugera uriko uriha inkumbi kw'isi. Ariko abenshi mu bahinga bemeza y'uko winjiye mu bantu uciye mu bikoko, ahanini mu buhungarema.

Ariko ibi ntibivuga ko ubuhungarema ari bwo bwo gutako ishavu; ahubwo inyanduruko nyamukuru ni imigenderanire isigaye iri hagati yacu n'ibi biremwa.

Indwara nyinshi z'ivyaduka zishobora kuba zifitaniye isano n'ukuntu abantu bonona ibidukikije.

Iyo ibibira canke amashamba yononywe mu kurondera ubwatsi bw'inka, canke mu burimyi canke mu kwubaka amabarabara no kurondera uburaro, ibi bikoko vyo mw'ishamba bihatirwa kwegera cane gusumba abantu n'ibitungwa, ibi navyo bigaha akaryo keza iyi migera kwitera mu bantu.

Ricardo Rocha wo kuri kaminuza ya Porto muri Portugal avuga ati: "Nta nkeka ko ubuhungarema, co kimwe n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibikoko, ari ingorane ikomeye nk'ibisanzwe bifise imigera ishobora gutera akaga".

Ariko yongerako yuko iyo uravye ubwoko bw'ubu buhungarema (bwababa 1400 canke burenga), igitigiri c'imigera yandukira abantu kingana n'ubundi bwoko bw'ibitungwa, nk'inyoni hamwe n'imbera.

Abahinga babona ko bitatu vya bine vy'indwara zandukira zifata abantu zikomoka ku bikoko.

Ibi bikaba vyatanguye kwigaragaza mu 2002, aho indwara y'igisigabwenge, Sars, yadutse mu Bushinwa igahitana abantu hafi 800 kw'isi.

Mu 2017, abashakashatsi baguye ku murwi w'ubuhungarema bwaba mu karere kari kure cane k'intara ya Yunnan bwari butunze umugera ya Sars.

Ico gihe baragabishije ko umwanya n'umwanya hashobora kwaduka iyindi ndwara isa n'iyi, kandi ntibarira busema, ivyo bavuze nivyo vyahavuye bishika.

Ariko haguta ishavu ku bwoko bw'ibikoko ubu canke buriya, Dukeneye ahubwo gusubira kwihweza isano riri hagati ya twebwe n'ibidukikije, nk'uko Dr. Rocha abibona.

Avuga ko ubuhungarema ari ngirakamaro mu buzima bw'ibidukikije hamwe no mu mibereho myiza ya kiremwamuntu.

Ubuhungarema burya udukoko twonona imirima. Hari ibiterwa birimwa mu karere k'ubushuhe kw'isi birondoka ( pollinisation) vyifashishije ubu buhungarema, aha harimwo nka za kakako n'ibindi vyamwa.

Ubu buhungarema burakwiragiza imbuto z'ibiti, ibi navyo bigafasha mu kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibirere.

Dr David Robertson wo muri kaminuza ya Glasgow avuga ko vyoba ari bibi cane mu gihe ubuhungarema bwobonwa nabi, kubera ko ikwirakwizwa ry'indwara ziva mu nyamaswa zikaja mu bantu biva ahanini ku kuntu abantu bagomba kubwinjirira aho bwibereye, aho kuba bwo bwinjirira abantu.

Avuga ko imigera ya Sars-Covid-2 iboneka ko yari imaze imyaka mirongo izunguruka mu buhungarema, ariko ifise kandi n'ubushobozi bwo gusimbira mu bundi bwoko bw'inyamaswa.

Hari amakuru yagiye aravugwa ko ubuhungarema bwakorewe amabi kubera Covid, harimwo no kubwica mu bihugu nka Peru, Ubuhindi, Australia, Ubushinwa na Indonesia.

Abahinga baragabisha ko ibi bikorwa bibi bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi cane kuri buno buhungarema busanzwe bubangamiwe, mbere bigatuma n'iyi ndwara yongerekana ku buryo burenze urugero.

Douglas MacFarlane wo muri kaminuza ya Cambridge avuga ati: "Ingorane nyamukuru ni uko hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ubuhungarema bushobora kuzimangana, rero ibikorwa bibi n'aho vyoba ari bito bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi ntasubirwamwo bikavamwo uruhererekane rw'ingaruka mbi cane ku bidukikije bisanzwe bitunze kiremwamuntu".

Ubuhungarema bwamye bubana n'abantu imyaka ibinjana, kandi ari magiriranire. Muri kaminuza ya Coimbra muri Portugal, ubuhungarema bwarigaruriye inzu y'ububiko bw'ibitabo yo mu kinjana ca 18 mu kiringo c'imyaka 300, burya udukoko twari kwonona inzandiko.

Ugiye kuri iyo nyubakwa ku kagoroba k'ijoro uzobubona butumuka mu madirisha yayo bwiha amabarabara y'ico gisagara.

Ricardo Rocha avuga ko dutegerezwa kwibuka ko ubuhungarema ari kimwe muri vyinshi cane bituma ibidukikije bimerezwa neza.

Ati: "Nimba hari ubutumwa nyamukuru umuntu yoshira ahadata afatiye kuri kino gihe kibi turimwo, ni uko kwonona ibidukikije, natwe bizotwonona".