COP26: Abategetsi b'isi biyemeje kuba bahagaritse guhonya amashamba mu 2030

Abakuru b'ibihugu birenga 100 biyemeje kuba bahagaritse guhonya amashamba no kuyatera mu 2030, mu masezerano ya mbere akomeye y'inama mpuzamakungu ya COP26.

Brezil - aho igice kinini c'amashamba catemwe - kiri mu vyashize umukono kuri ayo masezerano ku wa kabiri.

Ayo masezerano arimwo amahera y'amapawundi yoba ashika imiriyaridi 14 y'imfashanyo ku mareta no kubikorera ivyabo.

Abahinga bakiriye neza ico gikorwa, ariko bagabisha ko amasezerano aheruka yo mu 2014 "yananiwe kugabanya ihonya ry'amashamba" kandi ko ivyo biyemeje bitegerezwa gushirwa mu bikorwa.

Ukwicira ibiti birafise uruhara mw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe kubera kugabanya amashamba asanzwe ari yo ahema umwuka wa carbone (CO2).

Umushikiranganji wa mbere w'Ubwongereza Boris Johnson, ari we yuguruye iyo nama mpuzamakungu iriko irabera i Glasgow yavuze ko "abategetsi benshi batari bwigere babaho imbere" - abashika 110 - biyemeje ibintu bitazopfa vyibagiwe.

Yavuze ati: "Duterezwa guhagarika guhonya amashamba. Guhagarika ibikorwa vy'abantu vyo kuguma bigarurira amashamba, ahubwo babe abayacungera."

Iyo nama y'indwi zibiri iriko irabera i Glasgow igaragara nk'iyifise akamaro kanini mu gihe ihindagurika ry'ibihe ryohagarikwa.

Ibihugu vyashize umukono kuri ayo masezerano - harimwo Canada, Brezil, Uburusya, Ubushinwa, Indonesia, Republika ya demokrasi ya Congo, Amerika hamwe n'Ubwongereza (Urutonde rwose murusanga ngaha) - birimwo amashamba angana n'ibice 85% vy'ayagize isi.

Zimwe mu mfashanyo zizoja gufasha ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajambere mu gusubiza itoto isi yononekaye, kugwanya imiriro no gufata mu mugongo abasangwabutaka.

Amareta y'ibihugu 28 na yo yiyemeje guhagarika iyicirwa ry'ibiti bivuye ku rudandaza mpuzamakungu rw'ibifungurwa hamwe n'ibindi biterwa nk'amamesa, isoya na cocoa.

Amahinguriro yavyo atuma haba ugutakaza amashamba mu guca ibiti mu ntumbero yo gusiga ibibanza vy'ubwatsi hamwe n'aho ibikoko birisha.

Amakompanyi y'ubutunzi akomakomeye yo kw'isi 30 - harimwo Aviva, Schroders na Axa - na yo yemeye kudashira imitahe mu bikorwa bifitaniye isano no guhonya amashamba.

Hanyuma ikigega c'imiriyaridi 1.1 z'amapawundi kizofasha mu gukingira ishamba rya kabiri kw'isi riri muri 'Bassin du Congo'.

Prof Simon Lewis, umuhinga muvyo ihindagurika ry'ibihe hamwe n'amashamba kuri kaminuza ya College London, avuga ati: "N'inkuru nziza kuronka umwumvikano wa politike wo guhagarika gutema amashamba mu bihugu vyinshi, no kuba habonetse amahera yo kubandanya muri urwo rugendo."

Ariko yabwiye BBC ko isi "yigeze gushika kuri uwo mwumvikano" haranasohorwa n'itangazo mu 2014 i New York "bitagize ico bishikako mu guhagarika itemwa ry'amashamba".