COP26: Iyi nama kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe ibera i Glasgow ni iki kandi kuki ihambaye?
Ubwongereza kuva uyu munsi bwakiriye inama ibonwa nk'iyihambaye cane niba abarongoye isi bashaka ko hagira igikorwa kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Iyo nama iriko ibera mu gisagara ca Glasgow (muri Ecosse/Scotland) kuva ku wa 31 ukwezi kw'i cumi gushika ku wa 12 ukwezi kwa cumi na rimwe ishobora kuzana impinduka ku buzima bwacu bwa minsi yose.
COP26: icari co n'igituma iriko iraba?
Ubushuhe bw'isi bubandanya kwiyongera kubera imyuka iva ku bicanwa biva mu kuzimu kubera ibikorwa vy'abantu.
Ibirere bimeze nabi cane bifitaniye isano n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe - harimwo imipfunda y'ubushuhe bwinshi, imyuzure n'imiriro yiyadukiza - biguma vyiyongera.
Imyaka cumi iheze yaranzwe n'ubushuhe bwinshi kurusha iyindi gushika ubu, ama reta akaba yemera ko hakenewe ibikorwa vyihuta kandi vya buri wese.
Muri iyi nama, ibihugu 200 bisabwa imigambi bifise yo kugabanura imyuka bisuka mu kirere gushika mu 2030.
Vyari vyiyemeje mu 2015 gukora impinduka kugira ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe ntikurenge munsi cane ya degre 2 (2C) ufatiye ku rugero rw'imbere y'uko hatangura amahinguriro - no kugerageza kwiha ihangiro ry'uko bwoguma kuri 1,5C - kugira ntihabe akaga k'ibihe.
Ayo niyo azwi nk'amaseserano ya Paris, kandi bisigura ko ibihugu bitegerezwa kuguma bigira utwigoro mu kurushiriza kugabanya gusuka imyuka mu kirere gushika bishitse ku rugero rw'ubusa mu 2050.
Ni izihe ngingo zizofatirwa muri COP26?
Ibihugu vyinshi bisanzwe vyaramaze gushinga imigambi yavyo yo kugabanya imyuka imbere y'uko inama itangura.
Ariko muri iyo nama, twokwitega ko hari izindi ngingo nyinshi zizotangazwa.
Nyinshi zishobora kuba iz'ubuhinga - nk'amategeko akenewe kugura hashirwe mu ngiro amasezerano ya Paris, nk'akarorero.
Ariko ibindi bizotangazwa bishobora kuba birimwo:
- Kunyarutsa gusumba gutangura gukoresha imodoka zitwarwa n'umuyagankuba (amashanyarazi)
- Kwihutisha kugabanya ikoreshwa ry'ibizuku
- Guca ibiti bike gusumba
- Gukingira abantu benshi gusumba ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, nko gutanga uburyo bwo kwirinda ingaruka z'ibishobora gushika ku nkengera z'amabahari
Abantu bashika 25.000 nibo bitezwe i Glasgow, harimwo abarongoye isi, abameyeshamakuru, n'abakora ku nteguro z'amaseserano.
Hari kandi n'abantu ibihumbi n'ibihumbi vy'abagwanira ibidukikije no kurwanya ihindagurika ry'ibihe n'abakora imirimo itandukanye - bazonakora imyiyerekano.
Extinction Rebellion, nk'akarorero, isaba ko hohagarikwa ikoreshwa ry'ibicanwa vyimbwa mu kuzimu.
Inama iheze, hitezwe itangazo.
Buri gihugu citezwe kuzorishirako umukono kandi rishobora kuba ririmwo ivyo bamwe bamwe bose biyemeje.
Hari ibibazo bimwe bikomeye?
N'ukwitega ko ibibazo vy'amafaranga n'ubutungane mu bijanye n'ibihe bivugwa cane.
Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajambere bisa n'ibidahumanya cane ikirere ufatiye ku rugero rw'umuntu umwe umwe ku banyagihugu bifise kandi nta ruhara vyagize ku myuka yasutswe mu kirere muri kahise.
Ariko nivyo bihanzwe na zimwe mu ngaruka za mbere mbi z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Bikeneye amafaranga yo gufasha kugabanya imyuka no guhangana n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika.
Ivyo bishobora kuvuga ko hakenewe ibikoresho vyinshi bitanga umuyagankuba uvuye ku zuba ku bihugu bikoresha inguvu zivuye ku bizuku hamwe rero n'uburyo bwo kwirinda ingaruka z'imyuzure.
Hazoba kandi intambara ku ndishi ku bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajambere bimaze guhura n'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
Mu 2009, ibihugu bikize vyari vyiyemeje ko gushika mu 2020 bizoba vyatanze miriyaridi 100 z'ama dorari buri mwaka zo gufasha ibihugu bikenye kuruta ibindi. Ariko iryo hangiro ntiryashitsweko, kandi rishobora kubandanya gushika mu 2023.
Ivyo Ubushinwa bwiyemeje navyo bishobora gufata ikibanza kinini muri COP26.
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Ubu nico gihugu ca mbere kw'isi kirekura imyuka myinshi kurusha ibindi kandi gifise ibikorwa vyo kwimba ibizuku hirya no hino kw'isi.
Abaraba ibintu n'ibindi rero bashinze ijisho ryo kuraba ingene Ubushinwa - n'ibindi bihugu vyimbura cane ibicanwa biva mu kuzimu - bifise ugushaka kwo kugabanya kubizerako vyinshi mu butunzi bwavyo.
COP26 izongirako ingaruka gute?
Bime mu bizokwiyemezwa i Glasgow bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima bwacu bwa minsi yose.
Nk'akorero, bishobora gutuma uhagarika kunyonga imodoka inywa ibitoro, gushusha inzu yawe na gaz, canke gufata indege kenshi uko uvyifuza.
Uzokwumva hakoreshwa amajambo menshi mashasha
- COP26: COP bisigura Conference of the Parties (inama y'abafise uruhara). Yashinzwe na ONU, COP1 yabaye mu 1995 - iyi igira iya 26.
- Amaseserano ya Paris: Amasezerano ya Paris yashize ubumwe hagati y'ibihugu - ku ncuro ya mbere - vyumvikana ku maseserano amwe yo kugwanya ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe bw'isi no kugabanya imyuka yonona ikirere.
- IPCC: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Umugwi mpuza-mareta kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe) wihweza ubushakashatsi bwa vuba kw'ihindagurika ry'ibihe.
- 1,5C: Kugumiza muri rusangi ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe bw'isi munsi ya degree 1,5C - ugereranije n'igihe c'imbere y'uko hatangura amahinguriro - nivyo bizofasha kwirinda akaga k'ingaruka z'ihindagurika ry'ibihe, nk'uko bivugwa n'abahinga.
Tuzomenya gute ko COP26 yashitse ku ntego?
Nk'igihugu cakiriye iyo nama, Ubwongereza buzorondera ko ibihugu vyose bishigikira itangazo rikomeye rizosaba ibihugu kwongera kwiyemeza gushika ku rugero rw'ubusa mu gusohora imyuka gushika mu 2050 - hamwe no kugabanya bifadika gushika mu 2030.
Buzorondera kandi kwongera kwiyemeza mu buryo bwihariye guhagarika gukoresha ibizuku, imodoka zinywa ibitoro hamwe no gukingira ibibaho (nature).
Ahavuye isanamu, Getty Images
Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajambere bizorondera kuronswa amafaranga afadika ku myaka itanu yimirije kugira bihangane n'ubushuhe buguma bwiyongera.
Ivyo bidashitsweko bizofatwa nk'uko inama itashite ku ntego yayo kuko muri make nta wundi mwanya ukihari w'uko ihangiro ryo kugumizaho icizere ko ukwiyongera kw'ubushuhe kutarenga 1,5C.
Ariko bamwe mu bahinga bavuga ko abategetsi b'isi bacerewe gufata ingingo hakiri kare ko rero uko bizogenda kwose mu nama ya COP26, ihangiro rya 1,5C ritazoshikwako.
