Irregular forms
There are four irregular verbs that are used very often, so it's important to learn these:
| Dod | Mynd | Cael | Gwneud |
| Des i... | Es i... | Ces i... | Gwnes i... |
| Dest ti... | Est ti... | Cest ti... | Gwnest ti... |
| Daeth o/e/hi... | Aeth o/e/hi... | Cafodd o/e/hi... | Gwnaeth o/e/hi... |
| Daethon ni... | Aethon ni... | Cawson ni... | Gwnaethon ni... |
| Daethoch chi... | Aethoch chi... | Cawsoch chi... | Gwnaethoch chi... |
| Daethon nhw... | Aethon nhw... | Cawson nhw... | Gwnaethon nhw... |
| Daeth y plant... | Aeth y plant... | Cafodd y plant... | Gwnaeth y plant... |
| Dod | Des i... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Es i... |
| Cael | Ces i... |
| Gwneud | Gwnes i... |
| Dod | Dest ti... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Est ti... |
| Cael | Cest ti... |
| Gwneud | Gwnest ti... |
| Dod | Daeth o/e/hi... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Aeth o/e/hi... |
| Cael | Cafodd o/e/hi... |
| Gwneud | Gwnaeth o/e/hi... |
| Dod | Daethon ni... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Aethon ni... |
| Cael | Cawson ni... |
| Gwneud | Gwnaethon ni... |
| Dod | Daethoch chi... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Aethoch chi... |
| Cael | Cawsoch chi... |
| Gwneud | Gwnaethoch chi... |
| Dod | Daethon nhw... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Aethon nhw... |
| Cael | Cawson nhw... |
| Gwneud | Gwnaethon nhw... |
| Dod | Daeth y plant... |
|---|---|
| Mynd | Aeth y plant... |
| Cael | Cafodd y plant... |
| Gwneud | Gwnaeth y plant... |
Question
Reorder the phrases in the right-hand column to match the phrases in the left-hand column:
| Welsh | English |
| Daeth o | We came |
| Daethon ni | You (sing.) came |
| Dest ti | He came |
| Des i | The people came |
| Daethon nhw | You (pl.) came |
| Daeth y bobl | I came |
| Daethoch chi | They came |
| Welsh | Daeth o |
|---|---|
| English | We came |
| Welsh | Daethon ni |
|---|---|
| English | You (sing.) came |
| Welsh | Dest ti |
|---|---|
| English | He came |
| Welsh | Des i |
|---|---|
| English | The people came |
| Welsh | Daethon nhw |
|---|---|
| English | You (pl.) came |
| Welsh | Daeth y bobl |
|---|---|
| English | I came |
| Welsh | Daethoch chi |
|---|---|
| English | They came |
| Welsh | English |
| Daeth o | He came |
| Daethon ni | We came |
| Dest ti | You (sing.) came |
| Des i | I came |
| Daethon nhw | They came |
| Daeth y bobl | The people came |
| Daethoch chi | You (pl.) came |
| Welsh | Daeth o |
|---|---|
| English | He came |
| Welsh | Daethon ni |
|---|---|
| English | We came |
| Welsh | Dest ti |
|---|---|
| English | You (sing.) came |
| Welsh | Des i |
|---|---|
| English | I came |
| Welsh | Daethon nhw |
|---|---|
| English | They came |
| Welsh | Daeth y bobl |
|---|---|
| English | The people came |
| Welsh | Daethoch chi |
|---|---|
| English | You (pl.) came |
What will this hairdresser do when his client asks for a trim only?
There are other examples that are also slightly irregular. Here are a few of the most common:
| Verb | Welsh | English |
| aros | arhosais i | I waited |
| cyrraedd | cyrhaeddais i | I arrived |
| dechrau | dechreuais i | I started/began |
| dweud | dywedais i or dwedais i | I said |
| mwynhau | mwynheuais i or mwynheais i | I enjoyed |
| Verb | aros |
|---|---|
| Welsh | arhosais i |
| English | I waited |
| Verb | cyrraedd |
|---|---|
| Welsh | cyrhaeddais i |
| English | I arrived |
| Verb | dechrau |
|---|---|
| Welsh | dechreuais i |
| English | I started/began |
| Verb | dweud |
|---|---|
| Welsh | dywedais i or dwedais i |
| English | I said |
| Verb | mwynhau |
|---|---|
| Welsh | mwynheuais i or mwynheais i |
| English | I enjoyed |
Question
How would you write or say...?
- I went to Aberystwyth last weekend.
- I arrived Friday night.
- I stayed in a tent.
- I had a great time.
- Es i i Aberystwyth penwythnos diwethaf.
- Cyrhaeddais i nos Wener.
- Arhosais i mewn pabell.
- Ces i amser grêt/gwych.
Question
Now, change the sentences slightly to say:
- We went to Aberystwyth last weekend.
- We arrived Friday night.
- We stayed in a tent.
- We had a great time.
- Aethon ni i Aberystwyth penwythnos diwethaf.
- Cyrhaeddon ni nos Wener.
- Arhoson ni mewn pabell.
- Cawson ni amser grêt/gwych.
