Ukraine: Abin da ya kamata ku sani game da yankunan Donetsk da Luhansk da suka ɓalle daga Ukraine

Yankunan gabashin Ukraine biyu na fuskantar rikici Rasha bayan da Shugaba Vladimir Putin ya umarci sojojinsa su kutsa yankunan ƴan tawaye.

Shugaban Rasha ya ce kasarsa ta amince da su a matsayin kasashe masu cin gashin kansu. Amma me muka sani game da Donetsk da Luhansk?

A 2014 ne 'yan aware suka samu nasarar mamaye wani yanki mai fadin gaske a yankunan biyu kuma tun daga lokacin suka ayyana kafa Jamhuriyar Donetsk (DNR) da Jamhuriyar Luhansk (LNR), kan iyaka da ƙasar da Rasha.

Ukraine na kiran su a matsayin "yankunan da aka mamaye na wucin gadi" - kamar yadda ta faru da Crimea, wanda Rasha ta mamaye ya zama yankinta a 2014.

Amma dukkaninsu sun dogara ne da tallafin kuɗi da na soja daga Rasha.

Shugabannin yankunan da ke samun goyon bayan Rasha na DNR Denis Pushilin da na LNR Leonid Pasechnik, sun yi nasara a zaben 2018 wanda bai samu goyon bayan ƙasashen duniya ba. Shugabannin biyu sun yi kiran shiga tarayyar Rasha.

Faɗa mana labarinku: Idan ku 'yan Najeriya ne da ke zaune a Ukraine, a wane hali kuke ciki yanzu?

Ina ne Luhansk da Donetsk a taswira?

Yankunan biyu da suka ɓalle suna daga cikin kogin Donbas ne, kuma a yanzu suna ƙarƙashin "Rukunan Donbas na Rasha", inda ake kallon yankin a matsayin ƙasar Rasha.

Suna cikin ƙasar da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta amince da su a matsayin Ukraine. Wani abin da ba a sani ba shi ne, ko sojojin Rasha za su ci gaba da zama a cikin yankin da ƴan tawaye ke rike da su, ko kuma za su ƙara matsawa zuwa yankunan Donetsk da Luhansk.

Ma'adinin kwal

Donetsk ta kasance wata cibiya ta haƙar ma'adinin kwal tun a rabin ƙarni na 19.

Sunan asali ana kiransa Yuzovka ko Yuzivka, da aka alaƙanta da attajirin Wales John Hughes, wanda ya kafa cibiyar sarrafa ƙarafa da gano ma'adinin kwal da dama a yankin.

Ayyukan sarrada ƙarafa sun ci gaba da faɗaɗa a zamanin Daular Soviet, kuma an aika da ma'aikata da yawa ƴan Rasha zuwa yankin don gudanar da ayyukan masana'antu na ma'adinan kwal.

An sauya wa birnin suna zuwa Stalin a 1924, zuwa Stalino a 1929 kafin daga ƙarshe ya koma Donetsk a1961.

Me ke faruwa a Luhansk da Donetsk?

Bayan ƙarshen Daular Soviet a shekarun 1990, yankunan biyu suka koma ikon ƙasar Ukraine mai cin gashin kai. Amma shugaban Rasha Vladimir Putin na kallon Ukraine a ƙarƙashin Soviet kuma ya bayyana cewa yana kallon ƴan Rasha da Ukraine a matsayin "abu ɗaya"

A 2014, ɓarkewar rikici tsakanin ƴan tawaye da ke samun goyon bayan Rasha da masu kishin Ukraine ya ƙara haifar da tankiya a yankin.

An raba yankunan da 'yan tawaye ke riƙe da su sannu a hankali daga sauran Ukraine kuma aka ƙara haɗe su - a siyasance da tattalin arziki da al'adu - tare da Rasha, a cewar Natalia Savelyeva, mai bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ta Turai (CEPA) da ke Washington.

Ko da yake yankunan ba su cikin ikon Rasha a hukumance, amma kusan mutanen da ke zauna a yankin Donbas 750,000 suna da fasfo na Rasha kuma za su iya kaɗa kuri'a a zaɓukan Rasha.

Matsayinsu ya ba su damar cin gajiyar abubuwan more rayuwa da tsarin fansho na Rasha, kuma suna da sauƙin samun damar aiki a Rasha.

Amma duk da wasu na ganin kusancinsu da Rasha, akwai waɗanda ke fatan ci gaba da kasancewa a Ukraine.

"Sun ƙwace muna yanki ba kan ƙa'ida ba," kamar yadda Ludmyla mai shekara 61 mazauniyar Sloviansk, a Donetsk ta shaida wa BBC. "haka ta faru da Crimea. Na kasa fahimtar dalilin da ya sa yake (Putin) jagorantar wannan tsarin."

Amma wani mazauni yankin wanda ba ya son a ambaci sunansa ya ce yana ganin wannan lokaci ne na sauyi: "Dole wani ya ɗauki mataki. Ko dai nan ko can. Kila zai kai mu ga samun sauyi. Ina fatan zai zama alheri gare mu."

Dangantakar Ukraine

Saɓanin wannan, ya zama abu mai wahala ga mazauna Donbas yin balaguro zuwa Ukraine don samun taimakon kiwon lafiya ko samun taimakon kuɗi.

Yawan mutanen da ke tsallakawa tsakanin yankunan biyu da sauran yankunan Ukraine da aka kama tsakanin 2014 zuwa 2015, kuma saboda annobo da ta sa aka rufe iyakoki a kwanan baya, ya ƙara amma yanzu ya ragu.

"Haɗin kan siyasa da Rasha yana tafiya kafaɗa da kafaɗa da wani yunƙuri na tabbatar da nesantar al'adu daga Ukraine," in ji Dr Savelyeva.

Harshen Ukraine da na Rasha

Dukkannin yankunan biyu sun haramta harshen Ukraine a 2020, suka ƙaddamar da harshen Rasha kawai. Makarantu sun daina koyarwa da harshen Ukraine da kuma tarihinta.

"Saboda haka, yaran da aka haifa kafin ko kuma lokacin rikicin ba su san wani tarihi ko asalin da ya shafe su da Ukraine (sai dai su ji a wurin iyayensu,) in ji ta.

Amma Putin bai fito ya nuna manufofinsa ba kan yankunan biyu ba ko tabbatar da ƴancinsu ba, sai yanzu.

Shin Rasha ta mamaye Ukraine?

Bayan amincewa da yankunan biyu da suka ɓalle, Putin ya aika da sojojinsa na "wanzar da zaman lafiya" a Donetsk da Luhansk. Hakan na nufin dakarun Rasha a yankin Ukraine mai cin gashin kanta.

"Sojojin Rasha tuni suka tsallaka kan iyakar yankunan Donetsk da Luhansk kuma sun ja daga a arewaci da yammaci," a cewar Vladislav Berdichevsky, mamba a majalisar jamhuriyyar DNR a wani bidiyon da aka wallafa a kafar talegram.

"Manufarsu shi ne tsaro da kuma tabbatar da zaman lafiya a yankunan da aka ayyana jamhuriyya," in ji shi.

Rasha ba ta mallake waɗannan yankunan ba.

Sake tsara tarwirar Donetsk da Luhansk

Za a iya ƙara samun tashin hankali idan shugabannin ƴan tawayen suka ƙara yin mamaya a yankunan da suke da iko na Donetsk da Luhansk.

Zuwa yanzu, ƙasashen yammaci sun mayar da martani ta hanyar sanar da sabbin takunkumai ga Rasha.

Amma yadda sojojin Rasha 150,000 suka mamaye kan iyakokin Ukraine, kamar yadda Amurka ta ƙiyasta, akwai fargaba lamarin zai iya rikiɗewa ya koma yaƙi.