Mece ce yunwa kuma yaushe ake ayyana fama da ita?

Miliyoyin mutane a Gaza na dab da faɗawa yunwa, yayin da suke fafutukar neman abinci.

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (MDD) ta kuma yi gargaɗin cewa rikicin Sudan zai iya haifar da yunwar da ba a taɓa ganin irinta ba a duniya.

Mece ce yunwa kuma yaushe ake ayyana ta?

Yunwa na faruwa idan ƙasa ta fuskanci matsanancin ƙarancin abinci da ya sanya al'umma rasa abinci mai gina jiki har suka fara mutuwa.

MDD ce ke tabbatar da matsayin gabaɗaya, wani lokaci tare da haɗin gwiwar gwamnatin ƙasar, a wasu lokutan har da ƙungiyoyin agaji na ƙasa da ƙasa ko ƙungiyoyin agaji masu zaman kansu.

Ana yanke shawarar ayyana yunwa ta hanyar amfani da ma'aunin Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya mai suna Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC).

Wannan ma'auni ne yake tantance ƙarancin abinci bisa matakai biyar, na biyar din shi ne matsananciyar yunwa.

Amma kafin a ayyana yunwa, sai wasu abubuwa uku sun faru a yanki:

Mene ne ya sa Gaza da Sudan suke dab da faɗawa yunwa?

MDD ta yi hasashen yunwa a Arewacin Gaza kowane lokaci tsakanin watannin Maris da Mayu na shekara ta 2024 sakamakon rikicin da aka shafe watanni ana gwabzawa tsakanin Isra'ila da Gaza bayan harin Hamas na ranar 7 ga Oktoba.

Rabin al'ummar - fiye da miliyan ɗaya - na fama da rashin abinci kamar yadda IPC ta bayyana. Tsananin yanayin zai iya kaiwa dukkan al'ummar Gaza su fuskanci rashin abinci a watan Yulin bana.

A wani labarin kuma, jami'an MDD sun yi gargadin cewa rikicin da ake fama da shi a kasar Sudan ya jefa kasar cikin bala'in da zai haifar da yunwa mafi muni a duniya.

A cewar Shiin Samar da Abinci na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (WFP), kusan mutum miliyan 18 a Sudan na fuskantar matsalar ƙarancin abinci sakamakon yaƙin basasar da ya ɓarke a watan Afrilun shekara ta 2023.

Asusun Kula da Ƙananan Yara na Majalisar Dinkin Duniya (Unicef) ya bayyana cewa ƙarancin abinci mai gina jiki a tsakanin ƙananan yara ya ninka yadda aka yi hasashe tare da ɓullar cutar kwalara da zazzaɓin cizon sauro.

Waɗanne ƙasashe ne ke fuskantar haɗarin yunwa?

Kungiyar agaji ta Action Against Hunger ta yi gargadin wasu ƙasashe da dama na afkawa yunwa.

Ƙasashen sun hada da Afghanistan, da Jamhuriyar Dimukuradiyyar Congo, da yankin Tigray na Habasha, da Pakistan, da Somalia, da Syria, da kuma Yemen.

A cikin watan Maris na shekara ta 2024, WFP ya yi gargadin cewa Haiti - wadda ke fuskantar matsalar tsaro da rikicin siyasa da tattalin arziki da kuma rikicin ƙungiyoyin ƴan daba - na gab da samun kanta a matsalar yunwa.

Mene ne ke haifar da yunwa?

Ma'aunin MDD na IPC na tantance yunwa ya ce akwai abubuwan da suke haifar da yunwa da matsananciyar wahalar abinci, waɗanda za su iya kasancewa mutum ne ya ƙirƙire su, ko kuma yanayi ne ya haifar da su, ko kuma duka biyun.

Ƙungiyar Action Against Hunger ta ce rikici ne babban abin da ke haifar da yunwa a duniya.

A Sudan, an ɗora alhakin yanayin kan rashin noma wadataccen abinci, al'amarin da ya haifar da tsadar kayan abinci.

Ta kuma ƙara da cewa rikicin da ake gwabzawa a Gaza ya hana abincin da zai tseradda rayukan mutane da mai da ruwa su isa yankuna.

Mene ne tasirin ayyana yunwa a hukumance?

Ayyana yunwa ba ya bude wasu kafofin samun kuɗaɗe.

Amma yana janyo samun martani daga MDD da gwamnatocin ƙasashen waje waɗanda za su iya samar da abinci da agajin kuɗaɗe cikin gaggawa.

Ƙungiyoyin agaji kamar IRC sun samar da maganin cutar da ake samu sakamakon rashin abinci mai gina jiki. Oxfam ta yi aikin haɗin gwiwa da takwarorinta a Gaza don samar da tikitin karɓar kudi da abinci da kuma kayan tsaftace jiki da muhalli.

Shirin Samar da Abinci na MDD yana aiki a Sudan don gyara kayan more rayuwa da aka lalata kamar hanyoyi da makarantu. Ya kuma yi tanadin wani shiri na tafi-da-gidanka don kai wa mutanen da suke ƙauyuka abinci da kayan agaji.

A ina aka ayyana yunwa a baya?

Lokaci na ƙarshe da aka ayyana yunwa a hukumance shi ne a Sudan ta Kudu cikin shekara ta 2017.

Kusan mutum 80,000 ne suka fuskanci yunwa yayin da wasu miliyan kuma ke gab da fuskantar yunwa bayan shekaru uku na yaƙin basasa.

A lokacin, MDD ta ɗora alhakin illar yaƙi a kan noma. Manoma sun yi asarar dabbobi, an takure noman amfanin gona sannan farashin kayayyaki ya yi tashin gwauron zabi.

Inda a ka yi yunwa a baya sun hada da Kudancin Somaliya a shekarar 2011 da Kudancin Sudan a shekara ta 2008 da Gode a yankin Somaliya na Habasha a shekara ta 2000 da Koriya ta Arewa a shekara ta 996 da Somaliya a shekara ta 1991 zuwa ta 1992 da kuma Habasha a shekara ta1984 zuwa 1985.

Tsakanin shekara ta 1845 zuwa shekara ta 1852 Ireland ta yi fama da yunwa da kuma ƙaura da mutane suka yi.

Kimanin mutum miliyan ɗaya ne ake tunanin sun mutu a lokacin da noman dankalin-Turawa na kasar, wanda ke ciyar da kashi uku na al'ummar kasar, ya lalace sakamakon cutuka, amma an ci gaba da fitar da kayan da ake fitarwa zuwa Birtaniya - wadda ke mulkin tsibirin baki daya a lokacin.