Kasuwancin kifi a wata masana’antar China da ke Gambiya

Zuba jarin China da gwamnatin Gambia ta yi lale marhabin da shi, na fusata al'ummominta masu sana'ar su da ke cewa masana’antar sarrafa kifi mallakar China na haifar da cikas ga rayuwar halittu a kogunansu.

"Na shafe shekara 32 ina aiki a nan,’’ a cewar Buba Cary, wani masunci daga ƙauyen Ganjur mai Mandinka.

"Babu abin da hakan ke haifarwa ban da jefa mu cikin wahala,’’ ya ce, yana nuni da wani farin gini.

"Kafin kafa masana’antar a nan, akwai kifaye da dama a cikin teku. Idan kana buƙatar kifi a yanzu dole sai ka ƙetara iyaka zuwa ƙasar Senegal ko Guinea-Bissau."

Kelepha Camara, wanda ke zuwa bakin ruwan don sayen kifin tare da sayar da shi a wajen ƙasar, ya amince cewa hakan ya haifar da tashin farashin kifi ga mazauna yankin: "Wannan masana’anta ba ta taimaka mana ba.’’

Wadannan mutane na magana ne a kan masana’antar kifi da Golden Lead ke tafiyarwa a ƙauyen Ganjur na gabar teku, da ke da nisan kilomita 45km daga kudancin Banjul, babban birnin kasar.

A jimlace, yanzu Gambia na da irin wadannan masana’antu har uku – sauran biyun, da waɗansu kamfanoni daban ke tafiyarwa, na nisan kilomita 10 daga arewaci da kudancin ƙauyen Gunjur, inda ake sarrafa man kifi da abincin kifi tare da fitar da shi zuwa ƙasashen China da Turai da sauransu.

Masana’antar sarrafa abincin kifin ta shafe shekaru da dama tana bijiro da ayar tambaya game da ɗorewarta.

Tana amfani da adadin kifi mai yawa kamar sardinella da bonga, da ke samar da aƙalla rabin abinci mai gine jiki na protein da kasar Gambia ke ci.

Gidauniyar Changing Markets Foundation mai zaman kanta ta ƙasar Holland ta gano cewa masana’antar sarrafa abincin kifi mafi girma a cikinsu na samun kashi 40 cikin 100 na duk kifin da ake kamowa a Gambia a shekara.

Kasar Gambia ta ƙulla dangantakar ƙut-da-ƙut da China a shekarun baya-bayan nan.

A ƙarƙashin jagorancin tsohon shugaban ƙasar Yahya Jammeh mai cike da ce-ce-ku-ce ne aka buɗe masana’antar sarrafa kifin ta farko a ƙauyen Gunjur, bayan an ba ta hayar fili na tsawon shekara 99 a 2015, jim kaɗan bayan Gambia ta yanke hulda da ƙasar Taiwan.

Hakan ta faru ne duk da yake dokar ƙasar ta haramta ba da hayar fili ga ‘yan ƙasashen waje har tsawon fiye da shekara 26, a cewar ƙungiyar sa ido kan harkokin siyasar Gambia mai suna Watch Gambia.

Ba da jimawa ba ne, shugaba Jammeh ya sauka daga mulki cikin shekara ta 2017, inda ya fice daga ƙasar bayan shafe shekara 22 a kan iko.

Gurɓacewar gandun daji

Al’ummar ƙauyen Gunjur sun daɗe suna nuna rashin jin daɗi game da yadda abubuwa ke tafiya a masana’antar Golden Lead.

A ranar 22 ga watan Mayun 2017 – kusan shekara guda bayan buɗe masana’antar sarrafa abincin kifin – tekun Bolong Fenyo, wani gandun dajin da ke kusa ya cika da matattun kifaye tare da rikiɗewa ya zuwa launin ja.

Bayan wata guda ne, hukumar kula da alkinta muhalli ta kasar Gambia ta maka kamfanin Golden Lead a kotu, tare da zargin cewa gurbataccen ruwan da ke fitowa daga masana’antar ya haddasa wannan ta’annati.

Amma cikin gaggawa an ci gaba da gudanar da aiki a masana’antar bayan cimma yarjejeniyar sasantawa a wajen kotu a kan dala dubu 25.

Baya ga batun gurɓata muhalli, an sake kai kamfanin gaban kotu game da wani batu na daban.

A cikin watan jiya, an samu wani tsohon ma’aikacin gwamnati da aikata laifin karɓar cin hancin aƙalla dala 1,600 tsakanin shekara ta 2018 da 2020 daga kamfanin na Golden Lead.

Ya dai musanta karɓar cin hancin don sakin wasu jiragen ruwa da aka tsare kan yin kamun kifi ba bisa ƙa’ida ba, amma an same shi da laifi inda aka ɗaure shi tsawon shekara biyu tare da umarnin biyan tara.

Wasu al’ummomi a ƙauyen Gunjur har yanzu na cikin damuwa game da yanayin sakin gurɓataccen ruwa daga masana’antar, wasu ma’aikata sun shaida wa BBC a watan Disambar 2022 cewa sun fuskanci matsala a fatar jikinsu bayan sun shiga tekun da ke kusa da masana’antar.

Amma kuma babu wata cikakkiyar shaida da ta nuna cewa cutar, ta faru ne saboda masana’antar.

Akasarin mazauna ƙauyen sun ce ƙarancin kifi ne ke fusata su – sun bayyana cewa ana kwashe musu albarkar kifin.

Mazaunan Gunjur sun kuma koka da cewa kamfanin Golden Lead ya saɓa alƙawarin da ya yi wa masunta a yankin.

"Sun yi alƙawarin gina hanya daga ƙauyen zuwa bakin teku, sannan sun yi alƙawarin gina kasuwar kifi ga al’ummar yankin.

Sun kuma yi alƙawarin samar da guraben ayyuka 600 a nan ƙauyen," Dembo Darboe, shugaban al’ummar ƙauyen Gunjur da ake kira da "alkalo", ya shaida wa BBC.

Babu ko abu ɗaya da aka yi, duk da yake, ƙauyen in ji shi yana samun dala 815 duk wata.

"Idan aka kwatanta irin abin da suke da shi, wannan ba wani abu ba ne,’’ cewar shugaban.

"Za mu nuna rashin jin daɗinmu. Amma ƙarfin iko na hannun gwamnati.’’

Kamar yadda wani ma’aikaci a masana’antar ya bayyana, amma dai ba ya so na ambaci sunansa, ‘yan Gambia 40 kacal aka ɗauka aiki a masana’antar Golden Lead ta ƙauyen Gunjur, inda komai ya taɓarɓare, sannan albashin da ake biya bai fi dala 60 ba a kowanne wata.

"Suna zaftare kuɗi daga albashina saboda haraji da kuma ajiyar fensho. Ba ni da wani asusun ajiyar fensho ko lamba,’’ ya bayyana.

Sabon tsarin kamun kifin

Ministan harkokin kamun kifi na ƙasar Gambia, Omar Gibba ya yi watsi da zarge-zargen, ya shaida wa BBC cewa masna’antar tana zuba jarin ƙasashen waje, da samar da guraben ayyukan da ‘yan Gambia ke buƙata, kuma tuni aka daina jibge dagwalon masana’antu masu hatsari.

"Kamfanin Golden Lead ya gani wata kasuwa inda zai iya fitar da dagwalon da aka sarrafa zuwa waje. Zuwa ina, shi ne ban sani ba.’’

Alal misali, ministan ya kara da cewa; ‘’Doka ba ta ce dole kashi 80% na ma’aikata su kasance ‘yan Gambia ba. A duk harkar zuba jari, akwai samun damammaki da kuma asarar wasu. Hakan ya sa al’umma ta zama mai matuƙar amfani.’’

Ya kuma ce batun fargaba game da yawan kamun kifin, babu wata shaida ta kimiyya da ta tabbatar da hakan.

Amma kuma wani ɗan jarida a fannin muhalli, Mustapha Manneh ya yi nuni da wani rahoton Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya na shekarar 2019 da ke cewa ana yawan kwashe kifayen sardinella da bonga a ruwayen Gambia- kuma ya yi amanna akwai mummunan tasirin da zai biyo baya nan da shekara biyar.

‘’Yawan kifayen da suke tsamowa kullum zai yi mummunan tasiri da gaske. Za a iya samun matsalar ƙarancin abinci ma.’’

Mr Gibba ya gaza bayyana adadin kifayen da masana’antar Golden Lead ke kwasa a halin yanzu daga cikin ruwan Gambia, amma ya ce ana shirin ɓullo da sabon tsarin ƙayyade yawan kifayen da suka kamata a riƙa kamawa.

Ministan ya kuma bayyana cewa kama ƙananan kifaye, wata babbar matsala ce, amma akwai dokokin da aka kafa da za su shawo kan wannan lamari.

Peter Zhu, wani babban ma’aikaci ya shaida wa BBC cewa: "Gwamnati ce ke bibiyar harkokinmu, duk abin da muke yi daidai ne.’’

Lokacin da aka tambaye shi kai tsaye game da yawan kifayen, ya ba da amsar cewa: "Ban san komai game da wannan ba.

Mu ba masunta ba ne, mu ‘yan kasuwa ne. Me ke faruwa a cikin teku? Wannan ba ni da masaniya.’’

Duk wani ƙarin yunƙuri na tuntuɓar kamfanin game da sauran zarge-zargen, kamar biyan cin hanci sun gaza samun nasara.

Mr Manjang ya ce akwai alamun cewa ƙasashen Senegal da Mauritania da Gambiya za su haɗa kai nan gaba a yunƙurin kare kifayensu.

Amma kuma, mai fafutuka na ƙasar Gambiyan Buba Janneh, wanda ke aiki da ƙungiyar Greenpeace Africa, ya nuna rashin ƙarfin gwiwa sosai – duk da yake, ya ci gaba da fafutukar ganin an soke izinin hayar shekara 99 da aka bai wa kamfanin Golden Lead.

Makomar za ta kasance mai matuƙar wahala ga ƙasar Gambia, ya ce, muddin wannan hayar ta tsawon ƙarni ta ci gaba da tabbata bayan mutuwarsa.

Tom Ford ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa da ke tafiye-tafiye a yankin Afirka ta Yamma