Yadda zanga-zanga da gargaɗin Amurka suka girgiza Iran karon farko cikin shekaru

Iran ba baƙuwa ba ce ga zanga-zanga kan tituna, sai dai abubuwan da suka dabaibaye zanga-zanga ta yanzu, sun saka ta zama gagaruma.

Litinin ta kasance rana ta tara da ɓarkewar zanga-zangar, sai dai tun kwana huɗu zuwa biyar shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya fara yin gargaɗi ga shugabannin Iran kan musgunawa masu zanga-zangar, inda ya ce "a shirye Amurka take". Daga nan kuma aka samu wani samamen sojojin Amurka da suka kai ga kama shugaban Venezuela Nicolas Maduro.

Ba a taɓa ganin wani shugaban Amurka mai ci ya yi gargaɗi kai-tsaye ba yayin da ake tsaka da zanga-zanga, inda hakan zai iya ƙara wa masu boren ƙarfin gwiwa da kuma saka ta fantsama zuwa sauran birane.

Ƴansanda Iran da sauran jami'an tsaro sun ɗauki matakai masu tsauri tun soma zanga-zangar, kuma rahotanni daga ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin ɗan'adam sun ce an kashe aƙalla mutum 20. A yanzu hankali ya karkata kan matakin da Trump zai ɗauka.

Zanga-zangar ta lumana ta fara ranar 20 ga watan Disamba, sakamakon hauhawar farashi da karyewar darajan kuɗin ƙasar kan dala.

Tattalin arzikin Iran na cikin wani yanayi, babu wani tabbaci na farfaɗowarsa a wannan shekara ko ma ta gaba. Hauhawar farashi a ƙasar ya kai kashi 42, inda hauhawar farashin abinci ya zarta kashi 70, sannan an ruwaito cewa farashin wasu kayayyaki ya yi tashin gwauro zabi da sama da kashi 110.

Shiga barazana

Takunkumai da ƙasashe suka saka wa Iran karkashin jagorancin Amurka sun taka rawa matuka wajen taɓarɓara tattalin arzikin ƙasar, sai dai ba shi ne kaɗai matsalar ba.

Shari'o'i da ake yi wa manyan jami'an Iran da ƴan uwansu a kotuna kan laifukan cin hanci sun ƙara janyo fushin al'umma, kuma an yi imanin cewa masu mulki na ƙara tunzura rikicin.

Yawancin Iraniyawa sun yi imanin cewa wasu jami'ai na cin moriyar takunkumai da aka saka wa ƙasar ta hanyar ba su iko kan shige da fice na kayayyaki, fitar da kuɗaɗen shiga na man fetur zuwa waje da kuma samun kuɗin shiga daga ƙungiyoyin safarar kuɗaɗe.

Wasu jami'an gwamnatin ƙasar ta Iran ma sun yi imanin cewa waɗanda ke cin gajiyar takunkuman da aka saka wa ƙasar, su za a fi ɗora wa alhakin matsala da aka shiga fiye da takunkuman kansu.

Masu sana'o'i a kasuwar Grand Bazaar da ke Tehran, su ne na farko da suka fara zanga-zangar, inda suka rufe shagunansu don adawa da cigaba da karyewar darajar kuɗin ƙasar - Sun fantsama kan tituna don buƙatar gwamnati ta shigo domin daidaita lamarin a kasuwanni.

Nan da nan zanga-zangar ta watsu daga bazaar zuwa sauran wurare. Buƙatar daidaita harkokin tattalin arziki suka riƙiɗe zuwa ta siyasa, inda suka yi kira na cire ɗaukacin mas jagorancin addini na ƙasar.

Ɗalibai sun shiga zangaz-zangar, haɗe da ƴan kasuwa a sauran birane da garuruwa har ma ga wasu ƴan ƙasar. Cikin kwanaki kalilan, kiraye-kiraye kan cire shugaban addini na ƙasar suka zama jigon boren.

Lokaci na karshe da Iran ta fuskanci zanga-zangar a faɗin ƙasar shi ne shekara huɗu da suka wuce, lokacin da matashiya Mahsa Amini ta mutu a hannun jami'an Hisba na ƙasar - lamarin ya janyo kazamar zanga-zangar adawa da gwamnati da ba a taɓa gani ba tun kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci a shekara ta 1979.

Wannan zanga-zanga wadda daga baya ta koma mai suna "gwagwarmayar Mahsa" ko "Mata, Rayuwa, Ƴanci", ta girgiza ƙasar, amma an samu damar kwantar da ita ta ƙarfin tuwo da kuma kame.

Duk da cewa zanga-zangar ta yanzu ta watsu cikin sauri da kuma nuna turjiya, amma ba su kai kololuwar irin wadda aka gani a 2022 ba.

Ƴan jarida a Iran na cikin tsananin matsin lamba, sannan kamfanonin dillancin labarai na ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ko dai an bar su suna aiki cikin ƙasar, ko kuma fuskantar matsi idan har aka ba su dama.

Sakamakon haka, duk abin da ke faruwa a ƙasar ana samunsa ne a kafofin sada zumunta da kuma abin da mutanen da ke kan tituna suna naɗa. Wannan ya saka akwai wahala a iya tantance abubuwan da ke faruwa, musamman ganin cewa kafofin sada zumunta za su iya kirkiro labaran ƙarya, ganin cewa yanzu akwai fasahar ƙirƙirarriyar basira ta AI.

Kan haka ne, masu sa ido suka yi imanin cewa tasirin boren a yanzu zai iya fin na 2022. Ana ganin cewa ƙarfin gwamnatin Iran ya ragu matuka a cikin gomman shekaru, inda take fuskantar matsin lamba akai akai da kuma bore a cikin gida.

Jerin koma-baya

Yaƙi na kwanaki 15 da aka samu a shekara ta 2025 tsakanin Iran da Isra'ila ya buɗe wani babi. Rikicin ya janyo shigar Amurka kai-tsaye, ciki har da kai hare-hare ta sama kan tashoshin nukiliyar Iran.

Yaƙin ya yi wa ɓangaren tsaron Iran da kayayyakin nukiliyarta da kuma wuraren soji da dama illa sosai.

A lokaci guda, Iran ta rasa wani babbar ƙawarta bayan faɗuwar gwamnatin Bashar al-Assad a Siriya, yayin da hare-haren Isra'ila kan ƙungiyar Hezbollah a Lebanon ya yi sanadiyyar mutuwar manyan jagororin ƙungiyar.

A baya-bayan nan ma, samamen da Amurka ta kai Venezuela tare da yin garkuwa da shugaban ƙasar Nicolas Maduro da maiɗakinsa, Cilia Flores, ya ƙara janyo wa Iran rashin madafa a waje.

Waɗannan abubuwa sun sauya yadda lamura suke a yanki da kuma ɓangaren ƙasa da ƙasa ga Iran. A yanzu Iran ba ta ƙawaye da za ta dogara da su a yankuna idan ta shiga matsala da kuma hanyoyi kaɗan na fitar da man fetur.

Wannan yana da muhimmanci ganin cewa Iran na taka rawa wajen fitar da man Venezuela haɗe da Rasha, da kuma dogaro kan kuɗaɗe da take samu wanda alaƙanta da cewa suna fitowa daga kasuwannin China.

Gurgunta waɗannna hanyoyi ya ƙara jefa tattalin arzikin Iran cikin mawuyacin hali a daidai lokacin da take fuskantar matsin lamba daga cikin gida.

Duba da wannan ne ya sa ake ganin jagoran addini na ƙasar, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, fuskantar rashin tabbas kan jagorancinsa wanda bai taɓa gani ba.

Komawar Donald Trump fadar White House da mulkin Benjamin Netanyahu a Isra'ila, na nufin cewa babu wata hanyar diflomasiyya ƙarara ta warware rikicin da Iran ɗin take ciki ba tare da yin babbar sadaukarwa ba.

Shekaru da dama, Khamenei ya jaddada buƙatar kashe gagarumar kuɗaɗe ga ƙawayen ƙasar a yankin da kuma inganta shirin nukiliya domin ganin ɗorewar tsaro da kuma cigaban fasahar ƙasar na tsawon lokaci.