Munanan guguwa da aka taɓa yi a tarihin duniya

Shekara 20 kenan tun lokacin da Guguwar Katrina ta auka wa kudu maso gabashin Louisiana da ke Amurka, inda ta kashe mutum 1,833 da kuma haddasa bala'in da ba a taɓa tunani ba.

Guguwar ta auka wa yankin ne ranar 29 ga watan Agustan 2005 kuma ta shafe mafi yawan birnin cikin ruwa, da katse lantarki, da hanyoyin samar da abinci, da ma matsugunai.

"Birnina, New Orleans, ya auka ruɗani," a cewar wata mazauniyar yankin Windi Sebren. "Yanzu dai zamana a New Orleans ya ƙare - sai na sake rayuwa gaba ɗaya."

Guguwar ta Katrina ɗaya ce daga cikin bala'o'i mafiya muni da suka taɓa auka wa Amurka a tarihi.

Mun duba wasu daga cikin ɓarnar da Katirna ta yi da kuma sauran guguwoyi.

Wadda ta fi kashe mutane: Babbar Guguwar 1780

A wani daren 9 ga watan Oktoban 1780, ruwan sama ya fara sauka. Washegari kuma iska ta fara kaɗawa - zuwa ƙarfe 6:00 na yamma guguwa ta kunno tsibirin Barbados da ƙarfinta.

Akan yi mata laƙabi da Great Hurricane - wato Babbar Guguwa, kuma ita ce mafi muni da aka taɓa gani. An yi hasashen mutanen da suka mutu sun kai 20,00 zuwa 27,000.

Guguwar ta auka lardin ɗauke da iskar da ake zaton ta kai ƙarfin kilomita 322 cikin awa ɗaya, kuma mai ƙara sosai ta yadda mutane ba su iya jin muryoyinsu.

Bayan ta bar Barbados, Babbar Guguwar ta nausa yankunan Martinique, Saint Lucia, da Sint Eustatius. Ta share ƙauyuka da kuma janye jiragen ruwan yaƙi na Birtaniya da Faransa tare da dubban mutane.

Guguwa mafi muni a Amurka ita ce Galveston da aka yi a shekarar 1900. Ta wuce ta Tekun Mexico a farkon watan Satumban 1900, inda ta auka wa Galveston na jihar Texas ranar 6 ga watan Satumba.

"Mun sha ganin gawarwaki waɗanda na dinga kawarwa daga kan hanya da shebur...shi ne abu mafi muni da na taɓa gani," a cewar wani masunci da ya tsira. Ana zaton guguwar ta kashe mutum 6,000 zuwa 8,000.

Akwai kuma Guguwar Bhola Cyclone da aka yi a 1970, wadda ta auka wa arewa maso gabashin Indiya kafin ta nausa Gabashin Pakistan (ƙasar Bangladesh a yanzu).

Ta taho da iska mai ƙarfin gaske, kuma an yi ƙiyasin ta kashe kusan mutum 500,000.

Guguwoyi mafiya ɓarna: Katrina da Mitch

Fahimta kawai ake amfani da ita wajne tantance ɓarnar da guguwa ta yi. Mutanen da suka rasa gidajensu, da sauran dukiyoyi, da 'yan'uwa za su ce maka ta yi ɓarna sosai.

Amma idan aka kalle su ta fuskar adadin gine-ginen da suka lalata, to guguwa biyu ne kan gaba a yawan ɓarna - Katrina da Mitch.

Babban dalilin da ya sa Katrina ta fi yin ɓarnar dukiya shi ne yadda ta ɗaiɗaita abubuwa a kudu maso gabashin Amurka. An yi ƙiyasin ta rusa gidaje 217,000 zuwa 300,000 - ko kuma ta lalata su.

Sauri ko ƙarfin iskar ya kai kilomita 225 duk awa ɗaya. Ta kutsa kudancin Louisiana, da Mississippi. A New Orleans kuma, guguwar ta lalata shingayen da aka kakkafa domin rage yawan ɓarnar.

Kusan kashi 80 cikin 100 na birnin ya shafe da ruwa mai zurfin mita shia, sai kuma igiyar ruwa 59 da suka haddasa ƙarin ɓarna a jihohi takwas.

Wannan ɓarnar ta sa Katrina ta zama mafi ɓarnar dukiya a Amurka, inda ta jawo asarar jimillar kuɗi dala biliyan 201idan aka kwatanta da hauhawar farashi a yanzu.

Bayan Katrina, ta biyun da ta fi yin ɓarna ita ce Harvey, wadda ta jawo asarar dala biliyan 160 bayan ta faɗa wa Texas da Louisiana.

Har wa yau a Amurka, Guguwar Mitch ta haifar da ɓarna - gidaje 645 ta lalata a Florida bayan ta auka wa Tekun Mexico a watan Oktoban 1998.

Mako ɗaya kafin haka Mitch ta auka wa ƙasar Honduras, ta ɗaiɗaita unguwanni, kuma ta nausa yankin Amurka ta Tsakiya.

Kafin ta faɗa wa Honduras ta rage ƙarfi amma duk da haka ta haifar da ruwan sama mai yawa tare da kashe mutum 10,000 zuwa 19,000 a ƙasashen Honduras, da Nicaragua, da Guatemala, da Belize, da kuma El Salvador.

Gidaje aƙalla 200,000 ne suka rushe ko suka lalace. A Honduras kaɗai, gidaje 70,000 da gadoji 92 sun lalace, da kuma ƙauyuka masu yawa da ta share. Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta yi ƙiyasin cewa kusan mutane rabin miliyan ne suka rasa gidajensu.

Ƙarfin iska

Mutane da yawa kan yi tunanin cewa guguwar da ta fi ɓarna ita ce wadda ta fi ƙarfin iska. Sai dai kuma ba kodayaushe hakan ke faruwa ba.

Gugugwar Patricia, ita ce ta 24 da aka yi a 2015 bayan ta auka wa Tekun Tehuantepec da ke kudancin Mexico.

Zuwa ranar 23 ga watan Oktoba, ƙarfin iskar guguwar mafi yawa cikin daƙiƙa 10 ya kai kilomita 356 cikin awa ɗaya. Shi ne gudun iska mafi ƙarfi da aka taɓa samu a ƙasashen Yamma - wadda ta yi daidai da Typoon Nancy ta 1961.

Duk da ƙarfin iskarta, adadin mutanen da ta kashe kaɗan ne. Mutum biyu ne kawai ska mutu kai-tsaye saboda ita, sai wasu huɗu da suka mutu ba kai-tsaye ba, a cewar hukumar kula da koguna da samaniya ta Amurka National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.