Me ya jawo ƙwararru a fannin kimiyya yin zanga-zanga?

Ana cigaba da samun karuwar kwararru a fannin kimiyya a fadin duniya da suka yanke hukuncin daukar mataki, kamar zaman dirshan a gine-ginen gwamnati da datse manyan hanyoyi, domin zanga-zanga kan abin da suka kira ƙin daukar matakan gaggawa kan yanayi.

Sun ce matsalolin sauyin yanayi da sakon da ake aikewa ba batutuwan da za a ci gaba da killacewa ba ne, saboda 'gidan na ci da wuta'.

Sai dai akwai kwararru a fanin kimiyya da ke da yakinin cewa ban da assasa batun matsalolin yanayi ta hanyar zanga-zanga, akwai bukatar su sake zage damtse domin samar da mafita a kimiyyance.

Kungiyar masana kimiyya da ke tawaye a kasashen duniya, tana ta shirya zanga-zanga da bukatar daukar matakai a kasashe da dama sama da shekara guda.

Sun ce akwai mutane sama da dubu biyu da a yanzu suka shiga wannan gangami.

"Ina kunyar rashin adalci a fannin yanayi, ba wai batun kama ni ba"

Daya daga cikin irin wadannan kwararru ita ce Cornelia Huth daga Jamus.

Ta shafe sama da shekara 20 tana gwagwarmaya, ta kuma shiga ire-iren wadannan gangami.

Bayan datse hanyar Munich a watan Oktoba, an cafke ta, tare da tuhumarta da laifin hana motoci zirga-zirga da haddasa cunkoson ababen hawa.

Ana kan shari'a, amma Ms Huth ta ce hakan ba zai karya lagonta ba.

Taron Majalisar Dinkin Duniya karo na 28 wato - COP28 a Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa - zai nazarci ci gaban da kowace kasa ta samu bayan taronsu na baya bisa yarjejeniyar da suka cimma a taron sauyin yanayi na 2015 a Paris.

Wannan yarjejeniya ta alkawarta rage turirin da ake fitarwa da kasa da maki biyu bisa ma'aunin salsiyas, musamman daga masana'antu, da fatan cimma maki 1.5 na yanayi.

Domin cimma hakan, dole duniya ta rage hayaki da take fitarwa da kashi 43 cikin 100 daga 2019 zuwa 2030.

Amma nazarin da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi a bara ya nuna cewa ana samun karuwar fitar da sinadaran carbon da kashi 11 cikin 100 daga 2010 maimakon a samu ragi.

Ms Huth ya ce akwai barazana sosai musamman a kudancin duniya.

Mataki ko wallafe-wallafe?

Akwai masana kimiyya da dama da ke da masaniya kan matsalolin sauyin yanayi da kuma ba sa bukatar zanga-zanga daga masana kimiya domin gane girman matsalar.

Daya daga cikinsu ita ce Jessica Jewell, wacce 'yar galadimar farfesa ce - Associate Professor - a Jami'ar Chalmers na ganin zanga-zangar za ta zubar da darajar masanan.

Wata kwararriya kan kimiyya, Zeke Hausfather ta wallafa a shafin tuwita a bara cewa: 'Na sha nuna wawanci da batan hanya a kokarin dora alhakin matsalolin yanayi kan masana ba tare da la'akari da rawar da al'umma ke takawa ba yayin da ake kokarin shawo kan matsalar'.

'Amma tunanin cewa masalaha kan matsaloli ta ta'alaka kan masana to zancen banza ne'.

Wata kuri'ar jin ra'ayi da BBC ta gudanar a kasashe 31 a 2021 ta nuna cewa kashi 56 cikin 100 na mutane na son gwamnatinsu ta fitar da tsari mai karfi da zai shawo kan matsalolin sauyin yanayi a cikin gaggawa.

Wasu kashi 36 cikin 100 na son gwamnatinsu ta dau matakai da tunkarar lamarin cikin lumana, sannu a hankali.

''Wadatuwar kwarewa a yanayi"

Masana kimiya da suka yanke shawarar zanga-zanga sun ce an gudanar da wadataccen bincike a shekaru 40 baya. Sun ce an riga an samar da mafita a rahotanni shida da aka gabatar wa gwamnatoci, duk da cewa ba sa aiki da shawarwarin.

Farfesa Julia Steinberger, wanda aka taba kamawa da tuhuma a gaban kotu kan zanga-zangar sauyin yanayi, shi ne kan gaba a rahoton da aka wallafa a bara.

''Lokacin da aka wallafa, na amince da bukatar 'yan jarida na tsawon kwanaki, inda kafofi 42 suka watsa labaran.''

''A bangaren tasirin kafofin yada labarai, da batun daukan matakan gagawa kan matsalolin sauyin yanayi, dakikokin dana shafe zaune a kan hanya domin na ja hankalin mahukunta ya fi tasiri idan aka kwatanta da rahotannimu na baya,''

"Idan masana suka dau mataki, mutane na sauraro"

Kafin fito da tsare-tsarensu, masana kimiya sun shafe kwanaki suna tattaunawa da masu ruwa da tsaki da wakilai na gwamnatoci da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya, domin amincewa da batutuwan da ke kunshe a rahoton.

Rose Abramoff, wani kwarare kan muhalli a Amurka dana yakinin cewa duk da kokarinsu, babu wani abin a zo a gani daga wajen gwamnatoci musamman batun rage burbushin fetur da ake fitarwa.

Bayan shekaru biyu, Ms Abramoff ya dage a Alaska, cewa la'akari da yawan iska mai gurbata muhalli da ake fitarwa, akwai damu da jan hankali kan yadda irin wadannan sinadarai za su rinka tasiri ga muhali.

Sau shida ana cafke ta a shiga gangami a cikin watanni 12 da suka gabata - na karshe shi ne a ranar 10 ga watan Mayu a jihar Massachusetts ta Amurka inda ita da sauran masana da masu fafutuka suka yi zaman dirshan a majalisa na tsawon sa'o'i suna kiran a kawo karshen gurbata muhalli.

Wata kungiya American Geophysical Union ta yi taro a Disamban bara, kan wadannan matsaloli. Kuma da alama an samu cigaba, a cewarta.

Da ita da saurann masu zanga-zanga sun yi dafifi a manyan gine-gine da filayen jirgin sama a kasashe 13 a Nuwamban bara domin zanga-zangar adawa da rayuwar balaguro ta kasaita.

Filin jirgin saman Schipol a Netherlands na daya daga cikin wuraren. A ranar 4 ga watan Afirilun 2023, sun fitar da sanarwa da ke sanar da tsare-tsare ciki har da haramta amfani da jiragen alfarma da daidaikun mutane ke shiga.

Jordan Andres Cruz, masani kan sinadarin hayaki mai gurbata yanayi, a Ecuador ya ji dadin wannan tsari.

"Matakinmu ba gwamnati kawai ya matsa wa lamba ba, sun ja hankalin al'umma kuma wannan ya taimaka musu wajen fahimtar girman matsalolin muhalli, a cewar masanin wanda shi ma ya sha shirya irin wannan gangami a yankunansu da birane.