Maryam ko Fatima, me ya sa ake kiran mahaifiyar Almasihu da sunaye da yawa?

Guadalupe ko Lourdes ko Fatima ko Pilar ko Dolores ko Candelaria ko Coromoto.

Mene ne ya haɗa duk waɗannan sanannun sunayen a tsakanin mabiya ɗarikar Katolika? Dukansu sunan mutum ɗaya ne: Maryam, uwar Almasihu.

Abin da ke sama yana nuna cewa ba wai sunan mutane daban-daban ake nufi ba, duk sunaye ne da ake kiran wata budurwa Bayahudiya da aka haifa a Nazarat fiye da shekaru 2,000 da suka gabata.

Kuma wadda, bisa ga koyarwar addinin Kirista, ta ɗauki ciki ta dalilin 'ruhu mai tsarki' lokacin da take ƴar shekara 15; wato ba tare da saduwa da wani namiji ba.

Amma me ya sa ɗarikar Katolika ba ta bai wa wannan mata laƙabin Saint Mary ba kawai, kuma me ya sa ake samun abubuwa daban-daban da ake siffanta ta da su a duniya? Tare da taimakon masana, Edison Veiga na BBC Brazil ya amsa wannan tambayar.

Saboda yanayin wurin da ta bayyana da kuma al'adu

"Sunayen da aka bai wa Maryam sun dangana ne kan yadda ta bayyana. Galibi, ana ba su sunan wurin da ta bayyana ko kuma yanayin bayyanar," in ji Father Arnaldo Rodrigues, mai ba da shawara ga Archdiocese na Rio de Janeiro (Brazil).

A nata ɓangaren, mai binciken addini Wilma Steagall De Tommaso, mai kula da ƙungiyar bincike ta 'Contemporary Sacred Art, Religion and History' a Jami'ar Katolika ta Pontifical da ke São Paulo (PUC-SP), ta tabbatar da cewa waɗannan sunayen suna suna bambanta.

"Ga mutane daban-daban, da kowane yanki, da kowace al'ada," saboda " laƙabi ya kan dace ne abubuwan da suka faru daga yanayi daban-daban marasa adadi."

Memba ta Majalisar Marian Academy of Aparecida ta kuma bayyana cewa yawancin waɗannan laƙabin su ne abin da ake kira 'dogmatic', yana nufin yanayin ɗaukakar da Cocin Katolika ke yi wa Maryam, wanda, bisa ga al'adar addini, akwai al'amuran da suka shafi imani da mai bin addinin ya kamata ya yarda da su.

A nan ne, alal misali, sunan 'Immaculate Conception' ya fito, wanda ya samo asali daga wani ƙudurin da Fafaroma Pius na IX ya sanya wa hannu, wanda "ya tsame Maryam daga tabon zunubi na asali," in ji mai binciken.

Kazalika ra'ayin kiranta da Budurwa Maryamu, tun lokacin zaman "Majalisar Lateran, a cikin shekarar 649, ta tabbatar da matsayin budurci" na dindindin na uwar Annabi Isa.

Ya kuma ƙara da cewa."Har ila yau, akwai sunaye da suka samo asali daga wuraren da aka samu bayyanar ta, wadda ta haifar da ibada da biyayya tsakanin mazauna yankin, wanda galibi sukan bazu zuwa wasu garuruwa da wurare, kamar Aparecida da Guadalupe da Lourdes da Fatima da Loreto da Montserrat da dai sauransu," in ji shi.

Mirticeli Medeiros, ƙwararre a fadar Vatican kuma mai bincike kan tarihin mabiya ɗariƙar Katolika na jami'ar Pontifical Gregorian da ke Rome, a Italiya ya ce "An bai wa Maryam sunaye daban-daban saboda suna da alaƙa da wurin da ta bayyana."

"Babu wani abu da ya nuna cewa dole ne a 'yi wankan tsarki' tare da sunan yankin da aka samu batun bayyanar, amma ganin cewa bayyanar da farko alama ce ta shaharar addini, tun kafin a yi amfani da duk wani bincike abin da ya shafi addini,su ne mutanen da ke yaɗa waɗanann sunayen tun tashin farko.'' Medeiros ya bayyana.

Duk sunan da aka lanƙaya ma ta akwai dalinin da suka haifar da su, in ji mai bincike José Luis Lira, wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Nazarin Hagiology ta Brazil kuma farfesa a Jami'ar Jihar Vale do Aracaú a Ceará.

"Ita ce 'our lady of Fatima', domin ta bayyana a wurin. Ita ce Uwargidanmu ta Haihuwa Mai inganci domin tana taimakon mata kan batun haihuwa. Ita ce Uwargidanmu ta Nasiha mai kyau domin koyaushe tana da shawarwarin da za ta ba ƴaƴanta," in ji Lira.

"Kuma duk waɗannan sunayen na uwa ɗaya ne, domin ita ce uwar dukan bil'adama, kuma a kowane wuri, mutane suna kiranta kuma suna siffanta ta bisa ga al'adunsu. Tabbas, don girmamawa, amincewar Coci ya zama dole, "in ji shi.

Buƙatar uwa umarni ne

Nuna biyayya ga Maryam ya samo asali ne tun farkon Kiristanci kuma ya dogara ne akan ainihin ra'ayin cewa tana aiki a matsayin hanyar kai tsaye zuwa annabi Isa, bisa ga cewa babu wanda zai ƙi sauraron bukatar uwarsa.

Wani muhimmin sashi daga injila ya ƙara ƙarfafa wannan ra'ayin. Labarin mu'ujiza ce a bikin aure a Cana, wanda ya bayyana a cikin ruwayar John kaɗai, inda Yesu ya yi abin da ake kira mu'ujizarsa ta farko.

A wajen liyafar ɗaurin aure, wanda ya halarta tare da mahaifiyarsa, masu masaukin baƙi sun lura cewa abubuwan sha sun ƙare. Maryam ta ja annabi Isa gefe ta bayyana masa abin da ya faru. Sannan ya maida ruwan ya zama ruwan inabi, wanda hakan ya sa aka ci gaba da bukukuwan.

"Zai zama abin kunya ga ma'auratan idan abubuwan sha sun ƙare kafin bikin ya ƙare. Lokacin da Maryam ta nemi Annabi isa ya ɗauki mataki, aikinta na mai shiga tsakani ya zama mai mahimmanci," in ji Uba Arnaldo Rodrigues.

Biyayya ga Maryam ya na kuma da tushe a wani sashe na Injilar.

Ruwayar ta ce, sa'ad da aka gicciye shi, ya danƙa kula da mahaifiyarsa ga almajirinsa John.

"A cikin wannan lamari, John yana wakiltar dukan bil'adama. Maryam ta zama mahaifiyarmu. Sabuwar Hauwa'u, Hauwa'u wanda tabon zunubi baio shafe ta ba, kamar yadda Ikilisiya ta koya mana. Don haka, Maryam mai albarka tana kula da bil'adama kamar uwa, kuma uwa mai kishi, "in ji Lira.

Tun daga farko

Bisa ga binciken Father Valdivino Guimarães, masanin ilimin abubuwan da suka shafi Maryam kuma tsohon shugaban cocin 'National Sanctuary of Aparecida a Brazil' ya nuna, mafi dadewa na wannan imani ga ikon Uwar Annabin Isa ya kasance ne a ƙarni na 2.

"Shaidar binciken abubuwan tarihi ta nuna girmamawar Kiristoci na farko. A cikin 'Catacombs nofPriscilla', ana iya ganin zane-zane hotunan Maryam daga ƙarni na 2, a wurin da Kiristoci na farko suka fara taruwa," in ji shi.

De Tommaso ya ce "A cikin catacombs mun sami zanen da aka yi la'akari da shi, har yanzu, mafi girman hoton Maryam tare da jaririnta," in ji De Tommaso.

Duk da haka, farkon bayyana ya samo asali ne daga shekara ta 40 kuma a zahiri zai zama wani lamari na abubuwan da aka bayyana a Injila, tun da Maryam tana raye a lokacin.

Bisa ga al'adar Kirista, Maryam ta bayyana ga James a garin Zaragoza da ke Sifaniya, inda yake wa'azi. A gaskiya ma, akwai bayanan wani ƙaramin ɗakin ibada da aka gina a can tun farkon zamanin Kiristanci.

"Laƙabin da aka sanya (don wannan bayyanar) ita ce 'our lady of Pillar', tun da, bisa ga lissafin, Maryam ta nuna masa wani ginshiƙi, inda ta buƙace shi ya gina wuri mai tsarki a wurin," Medeiros ya bayyana.

Wani labarin da masu bincike ke yawan ambatawa shine na 'Lady of the Snows', bayyanar da ta faru a watan Agusta na 352 a Roma. Sakamakon wannan taron ne aka gina Basilica na Saint Mary Major.

Ana girmama Maryam tun farkon Kiristanci. A cikin rubuce-rubuce masu yawa, har ma a zane-zanen hotunan farko, ta kasance a wani matsayi mai mahimmanci.

Tsohon sanannen waƙe na karrama Maryam ya samo asali ne daga ƙarni na 2 kuma ana yi masa laƙabi da, 'Sub tuum presidium' (Karƙashin kariyar ki).

Majalisar Ephesus, a shekara ta 431, ta bincika kuma ta amince da jigon tauhidi cewa Maryam ma uwar ubangiji ce, bayan wasu kitrari na daban da ake yi ma ta ke nan, in jin Medeiros.

Duk da haka, a cikin ƙarnin da suka biyo, waɗannan labarun sun zama ruwan dare gama gari. A cewar Rodrigues, an ƙiyasta cewa akwai kusan sunaye 1,100 da aka san Maryam da su a yau.

Medeiros ya ce "Daga ɓangaren tarihi, bayyanarta na faruwa ne a wasu lokuta na musamman."

"Ba a hannun mu abin ya ke, a matsayinmu na masana tarihi, mu tantance ko mu gasƙanta lamura ba, amma gaskiyar ita ce, da yawa suna faruwa ne a cikin wani yanayi na musamman.

Wannan shi ne batun Fatima, wanda sakonta yana da ban sha'awa sosai kuma ya yi daidai da matsayin da Cocin za ta ɗauka kan tsarin kwamisinanci shekaru da dama bayan haka," mai binciken ya bayyana.

"Akwai batun Aparecida, alal misali, wanda aka samo hoton a tsakiyar muhawarar da ke tattare da kawar da bautar bayi. Akwai na Guadalupe, inda Maryam, tare da siffofinta na asali, alama ce ta yaƙi da rashin daidaito. Da sauransu, "in ji shi.

Amma Ikilisiya ba koyaushe ta yarda da waɗannan baututuwan da suka shfi bayyanar ba.

"Ba duk abubuwan da ke faruwa a yau ba ne cocin katolika ta amince da su a hukumance ba. Akwai wata ƙa'idojin da dole ne a bi.

"Abin da ake tsammani Maryam ta ce, a cikin wannan yanayin, dole ne ya kasance daidai da ƙa'idojin Cocin Katolika, kuma ana bincika halin ɗabi'a da dacewa na waɗanda ke iƙirarin ta bayyana a garesu," in ji shi.

A cikin ƙarni da dama, nuna baiyaya ga Maryam ya ɗauki wani muhimmanci na daban, wani lokaci ya kan shafe batun 'Holy Trinity' Mai (Allah Uba da Ruhu Mai Tsarki). Kuma saboda wannan dalili, kwanan nan Vatican ta ɗauki mataki.

A farkon watan Nuwamba, Fadar vatican, ya fitar da wata takarda, wanda Fafaroma Leo ya sanya wa hannu, wanda ke bayyana matsayin mahaifiyar Annabi Isa a cocin Katolika.

Rubutun ya ƙi yin amfani da taken "co-remptrix" ga Maryam, inda ya ɗauke shi a matsayincin mutunci.''

Bisa ga takardar, waɗannan gyare-gyaren suna da muhimmanci don guje wa "haɗarin ganin kamar Maryamu ta zama mai rarraba kaya ko kuma wani mu'ujiza na musamman da ya rabu da dangantakarmu da Yesu Kristi."

Masana sun yi iƙirarin cewa ƙudirin Vatican na neman a fayyace cewa Maryam ba ta kai matsayin Almasihu ba.

"Wannan yana nufin cewa Maryam ba ta rarraba alheri ba tare da sanin Yesu ba. Tauhidin da aka bayyana a cikin addu'ar 'Hail Mary' ya tabbatar da cewa Maryam za ta iya yin roƙo dominmu, amma ba za ta cece mu ba," in ji Lidice Meyer, marubuciyar littafin "Christianity in the Feminine,".