Yadda Qaramiɗawa suka kai mummunan hari Makka tare da sace Hajarul-Aswad

Ɗawafi a Ka'aba na daga cikin rukunan aikin Hajji. A lokacin da mahajjata ke yin ɗawafi, dubban mutane na hanƙoron ganin sun sumbaci Bakin Dutse, wato Hajarul-Aswad - kamar yadda sunnar Annabi Muhammd ta nuna.

Wannan wani abu ne da aka kwashe sama da shekara 1,400 ana yi.

Sai dai tarihin Musulunci ya nuna cewa akwai lokacin da aka kwashe fiye da shekara 20 babu dutsen a Makka baki ɗaya, bayan wani mummunan farmaki da aka kai wa birnin, shekara 1,100 da suka gabata, lokacin da ake fama da rikicin cikin gida na addini da kuma siyasa.

A shekarar 317 Bayan Hijira, wato shekara ta 930 miladiyyar Annabi Isa, wasu mutane da ake kira Qaramiɗawa sun kai wa birnin hari, suka kashe mahajjata, suka tunbuke dutsen sannan suka ɗauke shi zuwa wani birni da ake kira Al-Ahsa da ke Lardin gabashin Saudiyya, wanda suka ayyana a matsayin babban birninsu.

Su wane Qaramiɗawa?

Litattafan tarihi kan ɓangarorin da suka wanzu tsakanin mabiya addinin Musulunci ya nuna cewa Qaramiɗawa mutane ne mabiya wani reshe na aƙidar Isma'iliyya wadda ta wanzu a ƙarni na uku bayan hijira.

Ba da jimawa ba ne suka ɓalle suka kafa wani reshe na masu tsattsauran fahimta kan tsarin tafiyar da mulki.

Isma'iliyya, tun asali wani ɓangare ne na mabiya aƙidar Shi'a wadda ta ɓalle sanadiyyar saɓanin fahimta a zamunnan farko na addinin Musulunci.

Mabiya Shi'a su ne waɗanda suka yi amannar cewa Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib, ɗan'uwan manzon Allah kuma mijin Fatima, shi ne ya cancanci zama halifa - inda suka ɓalle suka kafa ƙungiyoyi waɗanda suka bambanta kansu bisa hujjoji kan wanda ya cancanci ya gaji Annabi Muhammad bayan rasuwarsa.

Litattafai sun nuna cewa bayan rasuwar Imam Jafar al-Sadiq, wanda ke da salsala kai-tsaye zuwa ga Imam Hussein ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib, an samu ɓallewar ƙungiyar Shi'a zuwa ɓangarori biyu waɗanda suka yi matuƙar tasiri a duniyar Musulmai.

Ana da yaƙinin cewa sunan Qaramiɗawa ya samo asali ne daga wani malami na mazahabar Shi'a Isma'iliyya, mai suna Hamdan Qarmat.

Akwai bayanai mabambanta kan abin da ya sa ake kiran shi da wannan suna na Qarmat. Wasu sun ce kalmar Qarmat ta samo asali ne daga yaren Armeniya, wadda ke da alaƙa da guntun tafin ƙafa ko kuma jan ido, kuma wata ƙila dalilin da ya sa aka yi masa wannan laƙabi ke nan.

Hamdan Qarmat ya gudanar da ayyukansa ne a garin Kufa da ke kudancin ƙasar Iraqi, kuma koyarwarsa ta yaɗu zuwa yankuna daban-daban da ke ƙarƙashin Musulunci, kamar Yemen da kuma yankin Bahrain.

A daidai lokacin da Qaramiɗawa ke ƙara ƙarfi a yankin Larabawa, duniyar Musulunci na fuskantar gagarumin sauyi.

Daular Abbasiyya ta rasa ƙarfinta sosai a ƙarni na huɗu bayan hijira.

An samu rikice-rikice da dama a wancan lokaci, inda daular mabiya Sunni ta Abbasiyya ke cin karo da tarin ƙalubale.

Babu tabbas ko rikice-rikicen ne suka yi sanadiyyar tawayen Qaramiɗawa, amma dai ko ma mene ne, sun kasance ƙalubale ga daular Abbasiyya wadda a lokacin ta kara a yakoƙi da dama.

Qaramiɗawa ba su tsaya kan mabiya sunni na daular Abbasiyya kawai ba, sun kuma ƙalubalanci mabiya Fatimiyya masu biyayya ga aƙidar Shi'a ta Isma'iliyya.

Yadda Abu Tahir ya kai mummunan hari kan Makka

Litattafan tarihin sun bayyana cewa jagorancin Qaramiɗawa na yankin Bahrain ya koma hannun wani da ake kira Abu Tahir al-Janabi a shekarar 311 Bayan Hijira, wadda ta yi daidai da shekara 923 miladiyyar Annabi Isa.

A shekarar 317 Bayan Hijira Abu Tahir da ƙungiyarsa suka ƙaddamar da hari kan birnin Makka a lokacin aikin Hajji, wani yanayi da aka bayyana cewa ya yi muni.

Tarihi ya nuna cewa bayan isar mahajjata birnin Makka, sai aka fara samun labarin zuwan Abu Tahir da ɗaruruwan dakaru da mahaya dawaki.

Sarkin Makka na wancan lokaci ya tafi tare da manyan muƙarrabansa domin tare Abu Tahir da nufin shawo kansa ta hanyar amfani da dukiya, sai dai Qaramiɗawa ba su amince da tayin ba, a sanadiyyar haka ne aka gwabza yaƙi inda a ƙarshe Qaramiɗawa suka yi nasara.

Bayanai sun ce Qaramiɗawa sun shiga birnin Makka, inda suka yi wa mutane da dama yankan rago, sannan suka tumɓuke dutsen Hajarul-Aswad.

Masana tarihi sun ce a wannan lokacin an kashe dubun-dubatar mutane.

Harin da Qaramiɗawa suka kai kan birnin Makka ya girgiza duniyar Musulmai duk da cewa ba wannan ne karon farko da aka taɓa kai wa birnin farmaki ba sanadiyyar saɓanin fahimta ko shugabanci, kamar yadda ya faru a lokacin Umayyad.

Litattafan tarihi sun ce daular Abbasiyya da shugaban Fatimiyya sun rubuta wa Abu Tahir wasiƙa a ƙoƙarin ganin an mayar da Hajarul-Aswad Makka, amma abin ya ci tura.

Sai dai a lokacin, daular Abbasiyya da ta Fatimiyya dukkaninsu babu wanda ya yi koƙarin yin amfani da makami wajen ganin Qaramiɗawa sun mayar da dutsen zuwa Ka'aba.

Amma duk da haka Musulmai sun ci gaba da gudanar da aikin Hajji duk da rashin dutsen a harabar Ka'aba. Akwai rahotannin da ke cewa wasu mahajjatan sun riƙa ɗora hannuwansu da kuma sumbatar wurin da aka tumɓuke dutsen.

An bayyana cewa Abu Tahir ya ci gaba da rayuwa har zuwa lokacin da ya rasu a shekarar 334 Bayan Hijira.

Sai bayan shekara 22 sannan Qaramiɗawa suka mayar da Hajarul-Aswad zuwa birnin Makka, kuma masana tarihi sun bayyana ra'ayoyi mabambanta kan dalilin da ya sa suka mayar da dutsen.

Yayin da wasu suka ce an mayar da dutsen ne bayan daular Abbasiyya ta biya Qaramiɗawa maƙudan kuɗaɗe, wasu majiyoyin sun ce daular Fatimiyya ce ta tilasta mayar da shi.

Harin da aka kai kan Makka ya ƙara ruruta zargin da masu adawa da Qaramiɗawa ke yi, cewa Abu Tahir da ƙungiyarsa na nuna kiyayya ga Musulunci, inda har suke ɗora wa mabiya Isma'iliyya laifi.

Wasu bayanan tarihi sun zargi daular Fatimiyya da laifi kan harin da aka kai wa birnin Makka, a matsayin wani ɓangare ne na matsayar Isma'iliyya da ke sukar yin Hajji.

To amma tabbas, abin da Qaramidawa suka aikata ta hanyar kai hari kan birnin Makka wani bakin lamari ne a tarihin Musulunci, musamman ɗauke dutsen Hajarul-Aswad daga harabar Ka'aba.