Shugabannin ƙasashen Afirka biyar da suka yi murabus bisa raɗin kansu

Duk da yadda ake kallon Afirka a matsayin makwanta rikice-rikicen siyasa, a wani ɓangaren kuma akwai shugabannin ƙasashe a nahiyar da suka ajiye mulki bisa raɗin kansu kafin wa'adinsu ya ƙare.

Tun bayan samun ƴancin kai daga mulkin mallaka, ƙasashen nahiyar da dama sun fuskanci matsaloli daban-daban na rikice-rikicen siyasa da juyin mulki da kashe-kashen da suka faru a sanadiyar juyin mulki da suka dabaibaye nahiyar.

Ganin yadda nahiyar take fama da shugabannin masu mulki tamkar sarauta, sai samun waɗanda suke barin mulki da kansu ya zama abin ban mamaki.

Wannan ya sa muka rairayo wasu shugabannin ƙasashe guda biyar a nahiyar waɗanda suka ajiye mulki kafin wa'adin mulkinsu.

Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal)

Kimanin shekara 45 da suka gabata, a ranar 31 ga watan Disamban 1980, Léopold Sédar Senghor ya sanar da murabus ɗinsa daga shugabancin ƙasar Senegal, inda ya zama shugaban Afirka na farko da ya sauka daga muki da kansa bayan mulkin shekara 20.

An fara sanar da murabus ɗin ne a ranar 4 ga watan Disamban 1980 a jaridar Le Soleil, sannan ya tabbatar da lamarin da jawabinsa na ƙarshen shekara da ya yi ga ƴan ƙasar.

Senghor mai shekara 74 a lokacin ya alaƙanta murabus ɗin da tsufa da kuma ƙa'idarsa da manufarsa ta komawa gefe domin a ba matasa dama su dama a shugabanci.

A bisa la'akari da sashe 35 na kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar na 1963 wanda aka yi wa gyara a 1976, Senghor, wanda shi ne farkon shugaban Senegal bayan samun ƴancin kai, sai ya miƙa mulki fa firaministan ƙasar, Abdou Diouf, wanda aka rantsar a ranar 1 ga Janairun 1981.

Ahmadou Ahidjo (Kamaru)

"Ƴan uwana ƴan Kamaru, na yanke shawarar yin murabus daga shugabancin ƙasar nan. Zan sauka daga mulki ne daga ranar Asabar, 6 ga Nuwamban da ƙarfe 10 na safiya."

Ahidjou ya sanar da zai sauka daga mulki ne a ranar 4 ga Nuwamban 1982, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen mulkinsa na shekara 22.

Ya alaƙanta murabus ɗin da buƙatar komawa gefe ya kula da lafiyarsa, sannan kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulki ya bayyana, sai firaministan ƙasar, Paul Biya ya maye gurbinsa.

Wannan miƙa mulkin ba tare da zubar da jini ba, ya kasance wani sabon babi a siyasar Kamaru, bayan ya kasance wanda ya mulki ƙasar tun bayan samun ƴanci a 1960.

Duk da cewa ya bayyana rashin lafiya a matsayin hujjarsa ta sauka daga kujerar mulki, masu bibiyar lamarin sun ce akwai wasu abubuwan daban, ciki har da rigingimun siyasa.

Julius Nyerere (Tanzania)

An samu sabon sauyi a siyasar Tanzania a ranar 5 ga Nuwamban 1985 lokacin da shugaban ƙasar Julius Nyerere ya yi murabus da kansa bayan shekara 21 a shugabancin ƙasar.

Julius Nyerere, wanda ake yi wa kallon "jigon shugabancin ƙasar", ya bayar da mamaki lokacin da ya sanar da murabus ɗinsa daga mulki.

Sai Nyerere ya miƙa mulki ga mataimakinsa, Ali Hassan Mwinyi kamar yadda kundin tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya tanada.

Mwinyi ne ya ƙirƙiro jam'iyyu a ƙasar, inda aka yi zaɓen farko mai jam'iyyu da yawa a shekarar 1995.

Joachim Chissano (Mozambique)

Joaquim Chissano, shugaban Mozambique daga 1986 zuwa 2005 ya yi murabus ne a mulki a shekarar 2005, inda ya haƙura da neman wa'adi na uku ya miƙa mulki bayan shekara 18 yana mulki.

Ya ɗare mulki ne a 1986 bayan mutuwar Samora Machel, inda a zamaninsa aka yi rikita-rikita da yaƙin basasa, har ya samu nasarar shiga yarjejeniyar Roma da ta kawo ƙarshen rikicin gwamnati da ƴan tawayen Renamo.

A 2005 ne ya miƙa mulki ga Armando Guebuza, ɗan takarar jam'iyyar Frelimo bayan zaɓe, inda ƙasar ta samu nasarar miƙa mulki ba tare da juyin mulki ba.

Har yanzu ana tattaunawa sadaukarwa Joachim domin girmama tsarin dimokuraɗiyya, duk da ikon da yake da shi na tsawaita wa'adin mulkinsa.

Thabo Mbeki (South Africa)

Thabo Mbeki ne wanda aka zaɓa a shekarar 1999 domin zama shugaban Afirka ta Kudu na farko bayan hargitsin bambancin launin fara, sannan ya sake lashe a zaɓe a 2004.

Mbeki ya sanar da murabus ne a ranar 21 ga Satumban 2008 bayan matsin lamba daga jam'iyyarsa, da kuma ƙarfin da Jacob Zuma ya yi.

Murabus ɗin, cikin sauƙi ba tare da rigima ba, ya buɗe sabon babi a siyasar ƙasar Afirka ta Kudu.

Thabo Mbeki ne ya maye gurbin Nelson Manela da zummar tabbatar da ɗaurewar dimokuraɗiyya a ƙasar.

Bayan murabud ɗinsa, sai aka naɗa gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya, wadda Kgalema Motlanthe zuwa 2009 da aka yi babban zaɓen, wanda Jacob Zuma.