Wane ne jagoran ƴantawaye Ahmed al-Sharaa da ya karɓe mulki a Syria?

Karanta rubutu kawai domin rage cin data

Ahmed al-Sharaa yana zaune sanye da kayan sojoji — Bayanan hoto, Ahmed al-Sharaa ya yi wani jawabi da aka naɗa a shekarar 2016

- Marubuci, Ma'aikatan BBC
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, BBC News Arabic, BBC Monitoring, BBC Explainers
9 Disamba 2024
Lokacin karatu: Minti 5

Ana tunanin ƴantawayen Syria sun shiga Damascus ne bayan shugaban ƙasar, Bashar al-Assad, ya tsere bayan shekara 13 ana gwabza yaƙin basasa.

Firaministan Mohammed al-Jalali ya ce a shirye yake ya tabbatar an miƙa mulki cikin lumana a ƙasar.

Wannan na zuwa ne kwana 12 bayan ƙungiyar HTS da sauran ƙawayenta sun ƙaddamar da yunƙurin kifar da gwamnatin.

Bayanan bidiyo, Mutum-mutumin da aka ruguza a lokacin da mutanen Syria suke murnar kifar da gwamnatin Assad

Da farko ƴantawayen sun ƙwace babban birni na biyu a ƙasar, wato Aleppo ne, sannan suka kutsa ta kudanci har suka isa babban birnin ƙasar, inda suka ƙwace iko da ita.

An zargi jagoran ƴantawayen, Ahmed al-Sharaa, wanda a baya aka sani da Mohammed al-Jolani da take haƙƙin ɗan'adam.

Amma a ƴan shekarun nan, yana ta ƙoƙarin nuna wa duniya cewa shi ba mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ba ne, amma har yanzu Amurka na ci gaba da ayyana ladan dala miliyan 10 ga wanda ya kama shi.

Wani mutum ɗauke da bindiga riƙe da yagaggiyar tuta mai ɗauke da hoton shugaban ƙasar Assad, sannan ya ɗaga hannunsa da ke nuna samun nasara — Bayanan hoto, Ƴantawayen sun ƙaddamar da yunƙurin kifar da gwamnatin na Syria ne a ranar 27 ga Nuwamba, kuma tuni suka samu nasarar ƙwace mafi yawan birnin Aleppo

Daga ina Ahmed al-Sharaa ya fito?

Abu Mohammed Al-Jolani inkiya ce, amma har yanzu ana taƙaddama kan asalin suna da shekarunsa.

Al-Jolani ya shaida wa kafar PBS ta Amurka cewa asalin sunansa na yanka Ahmed al-Sharaa, kuma ɗan Syria ne, sannan gidansu na yankin tuddan Golan. Ya ce an haife shi ne a birnin Riyadh da ke Saudiyya - lokacin da mahaifinsa yake aiki a can - amma a Damascus ya girma.

Amma wasu na cewa an haife shi a birnin Deir ez-Zor da ke gabashin Syria ne, sannan akwai raɗe-raɗin cewa ya karanci likitanci ne kafin ya shiga ƙungiya mai ikirarin jihadi.

A wasu rahotanni na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya da tarayyar turai, sun ce an haife shi a tsakanin shekarar 1975 da 1979. Rahoton As-Safir kuma ya nuna cewa an haife shi a shekarar 1981.

Ta yaya al-Jonali ya zama shugaban ƴantawayen?

Ana tunanin Ahmed al-Sharaa ya shiga ƙungiyar al-Qaeda ne a Iraq bayan yaƙin da Amurka ta jagoranta a ƙasar a shekarar 2003.

A yaƙin ne aka hamɓarar da Shugaban Ƙasa Saddam Hussein da jam'iyyarsa ta Baath daga mulki, amma daga lokacin waɗanda suka karɓi mulkin suka fara fuskantar tutsu daga ƙungiyoyin ƴanbindiga da dama a ƙasar.

Al-Jolani a zaune — Bayanan hoto, Al-Jolani ya ce babban burinsa ya kifar da gwamnatin Shugaba Assad na Syria

A shekarar 2010, sojojin Amurka suka kama Al-Jolani a Iraq, sannan suka tsare shi a sansanin Bucca, kusa da bakin iyakar shiga ƙasar Kuwait. A sansanin ne ake tunanin ya haɗu da ƴanƙungiyar jihadi, waɗanda suka assasa ƙungiyar IS, har aka samar da shugaban IS na Iraq, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi.

Al-Jolani ya bayyana wa kafofin sadarwa bayan rikici ya ɓarke domin ƙiyayya ga shugaban ƙasar Bashar al-Assad a 2011 cewa al-Baghdadi ne ya shirya masa yadda zai shiga ƙasar domin tsara harkokin ƙungiyar masu riƙe da bindiga.

Daga baya al-Jolani ya zama kwamandan ƙungiyar da ake kira Nusra Front (ko kuma Jabhat al-Nusra) wadda ta samu hadaƙa da IS. Kuma ta samu nasarori da dama a bakin daga.

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, tsohon shugaban IS a Iraq — Bayanan hoto, Ana tunanin Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi ne ya ba Ahmed al-Sharaa izinin kafa ƙungiyar IS a Syria

A shekarar 2013, al-Jolani ya raba gari da IS, sannan ya mayar da kungiyar Nusra Front ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar al-Qaeda.

Sai dai kuma a 2016 ya sanar da wani saƙo da ya fitar cewa ita ma al-Qaedar ya rabu da ita.

Mayaƙan ƴantawayen Syria, ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, lokacin da suke kutsawa birnin Aleppo — Bayanan hoto, Mayaƙan ƴantawayen Syria ƙarƙashin jagorancin Hayat Tahrir al-Sham, lokacin da suke kutsawa birnin Aleppo ta ɓangaren Hama

A shekarar 2017, Ahmed al-Sharaa ya ce mayaƙansa sun haɗa ƙarfi da ƙarfe da wasu ƙungiyoyin a Syria domin assasa ƙungiyar Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), inda ya zama shugabanta.

Wane irin shugaba ne al-Sharaa?

A ƙarkashin jagorancinsa, ƙungiyar HTS ta zama babbar ƙungiyar ƴantawaye a Idlib da kewaye a arewa maso yammacin Syria.

Kafin yaƙin, akwai mutum miliyan 2.7 a birnin, amma wasu sun yi hasashen sun ƙaru zuwa kusan miliyan huɗu saboda kwararowar mutanen da aka raba da muhallansu.

Al-Sharaa ya shaida wa PBS a 2021 cewa ba shi da tunani irin na al-Qaeda game da jihadi. Ya ce babban burinsa shi ne kifar da gwamnatin al-Assad a Syria, sannan Amurka da wasu ƙasashen yamma suna tare da shi.

"Wannan yankin ba barazana ba ne ga tsaron Turai da Amurka," in ji shi, "ba yunƙurin ƙaddamar da yaƙi da duniya muke yi ba."

A shekarar 2020, HTS ta rufe sansanin al-Qaeda a Idlib, ta ƙwace makamanta, sannan ta tsare shugabanninta tare da fatattakar ƴan IS a Idlib.

Al-Sharaa a tsaye yana jawabi a Idlib — Bayanan hoto, Al-Sharaa yana magana da manema labarai na cikin ƙasar bayan girgizar ƙasa ta shekarar 2023 a Syria

HTS ta kafa shari'ar Musulunci a yankunan da ke ƙarƙashinta, amma ba masu tsauri ba kamar na ƙungiyoyi masu ikirarin jihadi.

Takan tattauna wa Kirista da sauran waɗanda ba Musulmi ba. Ƙungiyoyin jihadi suna sukarta da cewa ta yi sakwa-sakwa.

Amma ƙungiyoyin kare haƙiƙin ɗan'adam sun zargi HTS da goyon bayan zanga-zanga da tauye haƙƙin ƴan'adam, zargin al-Sharaa ya musanta.

Ƙasashen yamma da Gabas ta Tsakiya da dama sun ayyana ƙungiyar HTS a matsayin ƙungiyar ƴanta'adda, kamar yadda kwamitin tsaro na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya ayyana ta.

Haka kuma saboda alaƙar da al-Sharaa yake da ita da al-Qaeda a baya, gwamnatin Amurka ta sa ladar $10m ga duk wanda yake da bayanin yadda za a kama shi.