Iyimikwa aho kuba ihatana – Perezida wa Tanzania wa mbere w'umugore nta we bahatanye ukomeye

Mu gihe nta bakandida bakomeye batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bemerewe guhatana mu matora yo ku wa gatatu, Abanya-Tanzania benshi barumva aya matora atari uguhatana bya nyabyo ahubwo ko ameze cyane nko kwimika Perezida Samia Suluhu Hassan, mu gihe yitabiriye bwa mbere amatora ya perezida.

Samia, w'imyaka 65, yabaye Perezida wa mbere w'umugore muri Afurika y'uburasirazuba nyuma y'urupfu rwa Perezida John Magufuli wari uri ku butegetsi, rwabaye mu mwaka wa 2021.

Ku ruhande rumwe, Magufuli yashimwaga kubera kutajenjeka kwe mu kurwanya ruswa ariko ku rundi ruhande yanengwaga ku gitugu yakoreshaga mu guhashya abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bwe, hamwe n'aho yari ahagaze hateje impaka ku bijyanye n'icyorezo cya Covid.

Perezida Samia, icyo gihe wari Visi Perezida, yasaga nk'ugiye gutuma habaho kwiruhutsa - ndetse, hamwe n'uburyo bwe bw'ubwuzu n'urugwiro, yatangije amavugurura yasaga nk'agaragaza impinduka ikomeye kuri gahunda z'uwo yasimbuye.

Gahunda ye yise R enye (mu Cyongereza) - ni ukuvuga ubwiyunge (reconciliation), kwihangana (resilience), amavugurura (reform) no kongera kubaka (rebuilding) - yongeye gufungura amarembo ya Tanzania ku bashoramari b'abanyamahanga, isubizaho umubano n'abaterankunga ndetse icubya uburakari bw'ikigega cy'isi cy'imari (IMF/FMI) n'ubwa Banki y'Isi.

Umusesenguzi kuri politike Mohammed Issa yabwiye BBC ati: "Yakoze ubudasa, umubano wari waratakaye hagati ya Tanzania n'imiryango mpuzamahanga nka Banki y'Isi wasubijweho."

Ariko mu myaka ibiri ishize cyangwa irenga, urubuga rwa politike rwaragabanutse cyane - ndetse no kwibasira abanenga ubutegetsi n'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bivugwa ko byabaye nta mpuhwe cyane kurusha uko byigeze kumera ku bwa Magufuli, ubu gushimutwa hamwe n'ubwicanyi byabaye ibintu bimenyerewe.

Issa yagize ati: "Samia yaje afite imvugo y'ubwiyunge ariko ubu yahindutse umuntu ushize amanga ndetse afata ibyemezo bikomeye benshi batari biteze ko yafata."

"Ubu benshi bamwegekaho ibintu bimwe nk'ubushimusi, ubwicanyi, gukandamiza abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi hamwe n'ibindi bibazo ku mutekano."

Ibi bigarukwaho muri raporo z'umuryango Freedom House wo muri Amerika uharanira demokarasi n'uburenganzira bwa muntu, mu mwaka wa 2020 washyize Tanzania mu cyiciro cy'igihugu kirimo "ubwisanzure bucagase [bw'igice]", mu mwaka ushize uyishyira mu cyiciro cy'igihugu "kitarimo ubwisanzure".

Leta ya Tanzania nta cyo yatangaje kuri ibyo birego.

Ishyaka CCM, Samia arimo, ryatsinze buri matora yose yabayeho kuva demokarasi y'amashyaka menshi yongeye gusubizwaho muri Tanzania mu mwaka wa 1992, ariko ubusanzwe ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza biba bifite imbaraga, hakaba ikiganiro mpaka gikomeye hagati y'amashyaka ahanganye.

Nubwo kuri iyi nshuro komisiyo y'amatora yemereye abakandida 17 kwiyamamaza mu matora ya perezida, ishyaka CHADEMA rya mbere rikomeye mu mashyaka atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, ryabujijwe kwitabira aya matora. Umukuru waryo Tundu Lissu, kuri ubu ari mu rubanza aregwamo ubugambanyi.

Yari yakomeje gusaba ko habaho amavugurura ajyanye n'amatora, nuko aza gutabwa muri yombi muri Mata (4) uyu mwaka - none ishyaka rye ririmo gushishikariza abayoboke baryo kudatora.

John Heche, wungirije Lissu muri CHADEMA, na we yatawe muri yombi mu cyumweru gishize - ndetse yabwiye BBC mbere yuko afungwa ko ingirwa mavugurura ya Perezida Samia ari icyuka. Yagize ati: "Yego, mitingi zaremewe nanone ariko uyu munsi CHADEMA ntishobora gukora inshingano zayo kuko ibyizejwe [na Perezida] byari ibinyoma."

Hagati aho, Luhaga Mpina, wo mu ishyaka rya kabiri rikomeye ritavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi rya ACT Wazalendo, washakaga kwiyamamaza ku mwanya wa perezida, na we yangiwe kwiyamamaza - inshuro ebyiri.

Yari yashoboye gutuma kandidatire ye yongera kwemerwa n'urukiko rukuru nyuma yuko yari yangiwe kubera ikibazo cya kandidatire ye yashinjwaga kutubahiriza amategeko ngenga yo mu ishyaka rye - ariko ubwo umushinjacyaha mukuru yajuriraga mu kwezi gushize, komisiyo y'amatora yafashe icyemezo cyo gushyigikira uko kwangirwa kwiyamamaza kwe.

Ibyo bituma amashyaka matoya cyane atavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, nka CHAUMMA na CUF, asigara mu ihatana, ariko mu by'ukuri nta mahirwe ahari ko ayo mashyaka yabuza Samia gutsindira manda ye bwite ya mbere.

Muri raporo iheruka y'ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi ku mutekano cyitwa Institute for Security Studies (ISS) cyo muri Afurika y'Epfo, umusesenguzi kuri politike Nicodemus Minde yagize ati:

"Igenzura ry'ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, ihezwa [ikumirwa] ry'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi hamwe no kubogama kw'inzego, bibangamiye kwizerwa kw'ibizava mu matora. Urubuga ruto rw'abaturage hamwe n'igipimo kiri hasi cyo gushishikariza abatora birushaho guca intege [kugabanya] ukudaheza [kwo mu matora]."

Ibyo byatumye bamwe mu bashoboraga kuba batora, nka Godfrey Lusana utuye i Dar es Salaam, biheba.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Nta matora dufite [mu gihe] nta batavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bakomeye. Uburyo bw'amatora ntibwigenga. Twamaze kumenya uzatsinda. Sinshobora guta igihe cyanjye ngo ndatora.

"Iyo komisiyo y'amatora iyo iza kuba yigenga koko, nari kuzatora."

Ibi bitandukanye cyane n'umurindi waranze ibikorwa byo kwiyamamaza ku birwa bifite ubwigenge bw'igice bya Zanzibar - aho Perezida Samia akomoka.

Abatuye kuri ibyo birwa batora perezida w'ako karere wabo bwite, ndetse Perezida wa Zanzibar uriho ubu, Hussein Mwinyi wo mu ishyaka CCM, arimo gushaka indi manda, ariko ahatanye bikomeye n'umukandida Othman Masoud w'ishyaka ACT-Wazalendo - umaze igihe amwungirije muri leta y'ubumwe.

Mu bikorwa byo kwiyamamaza byo hakurya, Perezida Samia yibanze ku gutegeka mu buryo bwa kibyeyi yabanje gushimirwa - agashaka gutegeka binyuze mu biganiro aho gutegekesha itegeko-teka.

Ibyo byatumye ahimbwa "Mama Samia" - ndetse muri mitingi ze yagiye asezeranya kuzana amajyambere agera hose binyuze mu bikorwa-remezo byiza kurushaho, ubuvuzi n'uburezi.

Abagore benshi, cyane cyane abo mu cyaro, bamubona nk'uwazanye ituze.

Queen Castoric, wo mu mujyi wa Tanga wo mu majyaruguru, ugiye gutora ku nshuro ya mbere, yabwiye BBC ati: "Azana kwiyubahisha, twe abagore bato tumufatiraho urugero. Tuba twumva ko ahari [ari kumwe na twe] nka perezida ndetse ibyo biduha icyizere ko dushobora kwizerwa aho dutuye, ubu no mu gihe kiri imbere."

Ariko abagore bamwe bo mu bice byo mu mijyi, nka Celina Ponsiana, na we uzaba atoye bwa mbere akazatorera i Dar es Salaam, bo bafite ubundi buryo babibonamo. Yagize ati: "Ubuyobozi si imivugire gusa.

"Nemera ko perezida afite umurimo wo gukora, mbere na mbere ku bushomeri. Amaze igihe afasha bamwe ariko benshi baracyacyeneye ubufasha."

Undi mugore ukiri muto w'i Morogoro, hafi y'i Dar es Salaam, yavuze ko ashyigikiye perezida ariko yanga kubwira BBC izina rye ku bw'impungenge ko amagambo ye ashobora kwakirwa nabi n'urungano rwe.

Yagize ati: "Samia yatumye twebwe abagore twumva ko dushobora kuyobora. Nakwifuje kuvuga byinshi kurushaho, ariko urubyiruko rwinshi ntirumuvuga neza."

Urubyiruko ni rwo rwiganje mu bantu miliyoni 37.7 biyandikishije gutora muri Tanzania - ndetse bamwe bafite uburakari butewe no kuba perezida yaracecetse ku bibazo birimo nk'ishimutwa riteye ubwoba.

Ndetse nubwo bamwe bashima Perezida Samia ku kuba yarashyize ubukungu ku murongo, hari bamwe banafitiye urukumbuzi Magufuli bitewe n'amakuru arimo kwiyongera y'ahavugwa ruswa.

Umuvuno ukaze kurushaho aherutse guca (gufata) ushobora kuba waratewe n'ibibazo byinshi.

Muri sosiyete ya Tanzania isanzwe yiganjemo abagabo, yagize ibibazo mu kugaragaza ko ari we ufite ubutegetsi. Muri mitingi zo mu gihe cya vuba aha gishize, yakomeje kwibutsa abatora ko ari we ufite ijambo. Ati: "Ntimwibagirwe ko ndi umukuru w'ingabo."

Ashobora no kumva abangamiwe na bagenzi be. Mu ishyaka CCM, hari bamwe batashyigikiye ko aba umukandida perezida w'iryo shyaka nta wundi bahatanye.

Humphrey Polepole, wo ku rwego rwo hejuru muri iryo shyaka wanenze kuba Samia yarahise agirwa umukandida nta wundi bahatanye mu ishyaka, yarashimuswe mu buryo bw'amayobera.

Hari no kumvikanisha ko Samia mu by'ukuri ari igikoresho cy'agatsiko k'abanyembaraga b'abanyemari bakomeye n'abandi bakomeye bashyigikiye CCM, bazwi mu mvugo isanzwe (yo mu Giswayile) nka 'Mtandao', nkuko Minde yabivuze muri ya raporo y'ikigo ISS.

Yagize ati: "Demokarasi y'imbere mu ishyaka [rya CCM] yaranizwe binyuze muri gahunda y'ikinamico yo kugira Perezida Samia umukandida umwe rukumbi. Mu gihe ibi byongereye ugucikamo ibice mu ishyaka ubwaryo, ubumwe bw'igishushanyo [butari bwo] burimo kwerekwa abaturage."

Byemezwa ko Magufuli yanze gukorera ku mategeko y'ako gatsiko kazwi nka 'Mtandao', ahubwo agahitamo gukomera kuri gahunda ye bwite yo kurwanya ruswa.

Umusesenguzi Minde aburira ko ibi byose byatumye haba umwuka w'ubwoba bwinshi muri Tanzania. Mu gihe ibitangazamakuru bihitamo kugendera ku magi, ndetse no kugabanuka kw'ibiganiro muri politike, impaka mu baturage zimukiye mu biganiro byo mu ibanga no ku mbuga nkoranyambaga.

Abasesenguzi baburira ko uko kuzibukira (kwitaza), cyane cyane mu rubyiruko, gushobora kurushaho gukorogoshora demokarasi ya Tanzania - ndetse no guteza ibibazo kuri Perezida Samia mu gihe kiri imbere, igihe amatora yaba atitabiriwe cyane n'igihe haba habaye imyigaragambyo.

Tito Magoti, umunyamategeko akaba n'impirimbanyi ya politike ukiri urubyiruko, avuga ko ibyo asaba ari ibintu byoroshye.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Turashaka Tanzania yisanzuye aho buri muntu wese afite ubwisanzure bwo kuvuga.

"Ubwisanzure bwo kujya aho umuntu ashatse n'ubwisanzure bwo gukora ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose umuntu yifuza."