Menya uno mugore wo mu Buhindi yamaze imyaka 25 ari komanda mu nyeshamba mu nyuma akishikana

Shambala Devi anyereka ifoto yiwe akiri muto, yambaye ishati n'ipantaro vyirabura, ukuboko kumwe gufise inkoho yo mu bwoko bwa Kalashnikov, n'isaha ku kiganza ciwe, afise na walkie-talkie iboheye ku musipi wiwe.

Iyo foto – imwe muri zibiri zonyene afise kuva ico gihe – yafashwe mu 2000, igihe yaba umugore wa mbere yashitse ku rwego rwa komanda mu nyeshamba z'aba-Maoiste mu Buhindi.

Yahinduye amazina yiwe incuro zirenga imwe mu myaka cumi. Ico gihe, yari azwi kw'izina rya Devakka – izina yahawe igihe yinjira muri izo nyeshamba. Imbere y'aho yari azwi kw'izina rya Vatti Adime.

Yashize inkoho hasi aca arishikana mu 2014; igihe twahura, yari yambaye imvutano, yakenyeye neza kugira ngo ntizitote ariko aramesa impuzu ziwe. Ku myaka 50 ubu, yaradushuhirije icayi, ahejeje aca afata umuhoro aja gukora mw'itongo ryiwe.

Mu ntambara hafi zose, abagore bagira uruhara ruto. Devi ntazwi cane muri iyo ntambara, ibitandukanye cane n'umugabo wiwe, Ravinder, umukomanda w'umu-Maoiste azwi cane mu mafoto no mu mavidewo atari make. Yabanje kunana kutubwira amakuru yiwe muri izo nyeshamba, ariko yatevye avamwo aremera.

Mu gihe abagore bari bake muri izo nyeshamba z'aba-Maoiste, Devi yahisemwo kuva mu buzima busanzwe, bwo mu rugo maze yinjira mu ntambara ya kanyeshamba no muri politike ikaze cane.

Agira ati: "Nta matongo twari dufise, twari bakene mbere vyarashika tugaterwa na kigoyi, tutari bushobore no kuvurwa no mu buryo bubayabaye. Iyo tugize ngo tugiye kurima mu matongo yo mu kibira, twarakubitwa n'abari bajejwe gukingira ikibira, bari basanzwe bakorana n'igipolisi".

Kurima mu kibira ntivyemewe n'amategeko, abaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu be n'abanyagihugu bavuga ko kwirukanwa muri ayo matongo birwiriye.

Devi avuga ko yari afise imyaka 13 yonyene, igihe yibonera n'amaso se wiwe ariko arakubitwa n'abari bajejwe ikibira, hanyuma igipolisi kikamupfunga, ariho yaca afata ingingo yo kuva muhira kugira aje kurwana.

Ati: "Inzira yonyene yo kugira ngo batwumvirize wari umunwa w'inkoho".

Tumubajije igituma abandi banyagihugu bo mu kigwati ciwe batitura abategetsi, avuga ko igipolisi kitigera "kitwumviriza", kandi ko "abajejwe ikibira baca bakwepa iyo aba-maoiste baje".

Yinjiye mu nyeshamba mu 1988. Igihe intambara zari zikaze hagati mu myaka ya 2000, abarwanyi b'aba-Maoiste baharurwa mu bihumbi bari banyanyagiye mu ntara cumi, bafise n'ibirindiro vyabo mu bibira vyo mu misozi hagati no mu buseruko bw'Ubuhindi.

Yari amarangamutima ashingiye ku mpinduka zabaye mu Bushinwa zizanywe n'uwitwa Mao Zedong yo gutuza intwaro y'abari ku butegetsi kugira ngo ashinge intwaro y'abanyagihugu.

Uno muhari wari uzwi kw'izina rya Naxalite, izina ry'abarimyi bo mu kigwati ca Naxalbari bafashe inkoho bakagumuka, hari mu ntara ya West Bengal mu 1967, ukaba kandi wari uzwi ko wari umuhari w'ubugome na ruburakigongwe, wagiye ugwa uvyuka uko imyaka yagenda, bikaba vyagiye kurangira inguvu zigabanutse cane muri ino myaka ya vuba.

Ugizwe n'imirwi ya kanyeshamba ivuga ko irwanira ko amatongo asaranganywa uko bikwiriye mu banyagihugu ba ntahonikora, hamwe kandi no gushinga intwaro ya gikomunista ibanje gusenyura reta ihari biciye mu ntambara.

Ino mirwi ivuga ko reta imaze imyaka mirongo yirengagiza uturere two mu misozi, kandi iriko iragurisha amatongo yo mu bibira ku makompanyi. Reta ivuga ko abo banyagihugu baba mu misozi ata butaka bafise kandi ko badashobora kurima, ikabona ko kwubaka inganda ari vyo bizozana iterambere n'ubuzi.

Muri Ruheshi (6) uno mwaka, umushikiranganji w'intwaro yo hagati Amit Shah yavuze ko Naxalism ari "akaga gakomeye ku turere dutuwemwo n'abakene" kandi ko yatumye babura "ivya nkenerwa nk'imfungurwa, umuyagankuba, amashure, uburaro, utuzu twa surwumwe n'amazi meza".

Inzego z'umutekano zarongereje ibitero ku ba maoiste mu rwego rwo gushira mu ngiro umugambi ruburakigongwe wa reta wiswe "tolérance zéro" wo gutuza inyeshamba zidashaka kwishikana. Amit Shah avuga ko "Ubuhindi buzoba bwiganzuye" inyeshamba gushika ku wa 31 Ntwarante (3) 2026.

Ntibikunda guhinyuza ibivugwa na Devi, ivyabaye mu myaka ya 1980, ariko avuga ko nk'umurwanyi, yama azunguruka ava mu ntara aja mu yindi, arongoye umurwi w'abarwanyi 30 bari bafise intego yo gutega imitego no kwica abajejwe umutekano.

Agira ati: "Ndibuka umusi wa mbere nari ndongoye umutego, nateze (igisasu ca) mine nsambura ikomodoka c'intambara, nica abajejwe umutekano".

Asa n'uwishimira imitego yatega, kandi aboneka ko aticuza kubona yarishe abajejwe umutekano.

Ariko, tumubajije igitigiri c'abantu yishe, yerekana umubabaro ku basivire yishe – avuga ko yihenze akabafata ko bamwe muri bo baha amakuru abapolisi, ariko abandi bakaba bishwe mu bitero vyari bigenewe abajejwe umutekano.

Agira ati: "Vyari bibabaje, kuko twaba twishe abacu. Numva umengo noja mu kigwati cabo ngasaba imbabazi imiryango yabo".

Yibuka ingene umurwi w'abarwanyi yari arongoye wishe umusivire yari ahetswe n'uwujejwe umutekano kw'ipikipiki, maze agwa muri uwo mutego.

Avuga ko nyina wiwe yarakaye cane kandi akaguma arira, abaza igituma bateze uno mutego mw'ijoro mu gihe bigoye kubona abasivire. Yatubwiye ko bakora ibitero mw'ijoro kuko ari ho vyari vyoroshe gukubita umwansi.

Devi avuga ko atazi igitigiri c'abantu yishe. Ariko uko imyaka yagiye igenda, ibihumbi n'ibihumbi barahatikiriye igihe abajejwe umutekano n'inyeshamba z'aba-maoiste batana mu mitwe.

Nk'uko bivugwa n'ishirahamwe South Asia Terrorism Portal ryegeranya amakuru menshi ku bijanye n'iterabwoba hamwe n'intambara ntonto mu karere ka Aziya y'ubumanuko, abantu bababa 12.000 nibo bahatakarije ubuzima kuva mu mwaka wa 2000, harimwo nibura abarwanyi b'aba-amoiste 4900, abasivire 4000 hamwe n'abajejwe umutekano 2700.

Nubwo yari intambara kandi n'abantu babuze ababo bakayinegura, Devi avuga ko abanyagihugu mu turere inyeshamba zakoreramwo bazishigikira, mu kuziha imfungurwa n'ibindi vya nkenerwa. Yemeza ko benshi mu banyagihugu bo mu mitumba babona aba-maoiste nk'abacunguzi, na rirya avuga ko mu turere twagenzurwa n'inyeshamba batanga amatongo gushasha ata kurenganya umuntu n'umwe, mbere bagafasha abanyagihugu kuronswa amazi n'ubuvuzi – ibi bikaba vyemezwa n'abanyagihugu bamwe bamwe ubwabo.

Inguvu z'umubiri n'iz'ubwenge zasabwa muri kanyeshamba vyari bishasha kuri Devi. Ntiyari bwigere avugisha abagabo ku mugaragaro imbere y'aho, rero bikaba vyamubereye ngombwa kwiga ingene abayobora n'ingene abaha amabwirizwa. Avuga ko bamwubaha cane kubera ukungene yagiye atera intambwe gushika agere kuri urwo rwego

Kuvoma amazi imisi yose cari igikorwa c'abagore, akabona ko vyasaba inguvu nyinshi. Amakambi yashingwa kure y'ahari amazi, ari naho abajejwe umutekano bakunda gusaka. Abarwanyi baguma bazunguruka, banyura mu mashamba no mu bibuye, ata gahengwe bigera bagira mu bibazo vyabo nko mu gihe c'ububabare bwinshi cane mu bihe vy'ubutinyanka.

Ariko aravuga kandi ukungene yibohoye, yerekana ico ashoboye n'ico ari. Ati: "Abagore bafatwa nk'aba-chappal [ikandambiri] mu kibano co mu mitumba ya kure. Nta kindi cabaranga atari kuba umugore w'umuntu canke nyina w'abana. Ariko mu muhari w'aba-Maoiste, twamenyekanira ku vyo twaba twashitseko – kuri jewe namenyekaniye ku ntambwe yo kuba komanda".

Devi avuga ko yari kuba yarahatiwe kurongorwa akiri umwana iyo akaba yagumye i muhira mu mitumba ya ruguru, ariko ko amaze kuba umurwanyi yashoboye kwihitiramwo umugabo yipfuza kwubakana nawe.

Ariko uko ibitero vyagenda vyiyongera ku mpande zompi, ibitigiri vy'abicwa n'inyeshamba n'abajejwe umutekano bikagenda vyiyongera, Devi yaciye atangura kwiyumvira ukundi kuntu yobaho, nk'uko abivuga. Yumva ko impinduka bari bemerewe atazo babona na gato.

Ati: "Ku ruhande rumwe inzego z'umutekano zarongereje ibitero vyazo, ku rundi ruhande natwe twaratera tukica benshi". Avuga kandi ko yahavuye yandura indwara y'igituntu ifatira mu magufa, bikaba vyari ngombwa ko agenda yinyegeza mu ngendo ziwe zo mu kinyegero ava mw'ishamba aja kwivuza mu bisagara - iyi ikaba ari iyindi mvo yatumye ava muri ubu buzima.

Avuga ati: "Ihinduka ryose rirama ryari gushobora kuza gusa mu gihe twari kuba dukwiragiye igihugu, ariko twari twarushe, inguvu zacu zariko zibaganuka kandi n'ubufasha twahabwa n'abanyagihugu bwariko bugabanuka". Yongerako ko isuzuma ry'imbere mu muhari ryerekanye ko abanywanyi bariko baragabanuka.

Abanyagihugu bo mu mitumba ya kure bahora babona aba-Maoiste nk'ababo bahavuye babona ko hanze hari ubundi buzima kubera amaterefone ngendanwa n'imbuga hwaniro, kandi abajejwe umutekano bagakoresha ibikoresho vya none nk'indege zitajamwo abadereva (drone), mu kwigiza inyuma inyeshamba kure y'ibigwati, bakazisunikira hagati mu bibira.

Inyuma y'imyaka 25 aba mw'ishamba, Devi yahavuye ashira ikirwanisho hasi mu 2014 muri poritike ya reta yo kwakira abemeye kwishikana. Iyi poritike yemereye aba-Maoiste kwishikana no kwiyemeza ko batazosubira gufata ibirwanisho hanyuma bakaronswa amahera, amatongo n'ibikoko vyo kworora.

Ubu abayeho mu buzima bwo mu rugo mu kigwati yari yarahunze.

Igihe bishikana, Devi n'umugabo wiwe bahawe na reta itongo, amahera hamwe n'intama 21 kugira borore.

Poritike yo kwishikana ntivuga mu buryo bugaragara ko aba-Maoiste bazohabwa imbabazi ariko ko ikibazo ca buri muntu kizokwigwa ku gatwe kiwe. Bavuga ko gushika ubu batagikurikiranwa imbere y'amategeko ku vyaha vy'ubugizi bwa nabi, kandi nta na kimwe cerekana ko bashobora gukurikiranwa.

Reta y'Ubuhindi ivuga ko mu myaka cumi iheze inyeshamba z'aba-Maoiste 8000 zishikanye. Ibitigiri vy'abasigaye canke vy'ukungene bigeze kuba bangana igihe umuhari wari ukomeye ntibizwi.

Kuva yishikanye, Devi yaratowe nk'umuhanuzi mu nama mpanuzwajambo y'umutumba. Ati: "Nashaka kubona ico ari co gukorana na reta".

None Devi yibaza iki ubu ku majambo ya reta yo gutuza inyeshamba zose imbere y'uko ukwa gatatu kw'umwaka uza guhera?

Abanza kuruhuka hanyuma akagira ati: "Nubwo vyorangira inyeshamba zitsinzwe, kahise karanditswe. Isi yarabonye umuhari ukomeye waharanira uburenganzira. Ibi bishobora kubera akarorero urundi runganwe ahandi rukarwanira uburenganzira bwabo.

"Barashobora kwica indongozi mu bitero bozikorako…ariko sinibaza ko bashobora kwica bose. Sinibaza ko bashobora kurandurana n'imizi umuhari wose".

Ariko ndamubajije nimba umusi umwe ashobora kuzorungika umukobwa wiwe w'imyaka umunani mu nyeshamba, inyishu iratomoye.

"Oya," niko avuga, "Tuzobaho uko ikibano kizoba kibayeho ngaha".