Spoan: Menya iyi ngwara iboneka mu bubakanye benshi bava mu miryango imwe

Imbere y'uko Silivana Santos ashika mu gisagara gitoyi ca Serrinha dos Pintos mu myaka irenga 20 iheze, abantu bahaba ntibari bwamenye igituma abana benshi bo muri ako gace badashobora gutambuka.

Muri ico gisagara kiri mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Brezil kibawo abantu batarenga 5.000, ni ho umuhinga muvyo ibinyabuzima n'uduce ndangakamere Santos yatora ingwara itamenyerewe y'umugera wa spoan.

Iyo ngwara iterwa n'ihindagurika ry'uko umuntu aremwe (uduce ndangakamere), ikonona imitsi nsozabwenge, ikagenda isinzikaza umubiri buhoro buhoro. Iyo ngwara iva ku gace ndangakamere gasangiwe n'abavyeyi ko ari babiri.

Kubera ubwo bushakashatsi, Santos yarashizwe ku rutonde rwa BBC rw'abagore 100 bakomeye cane kw'isi mu mwaka wa 2024.

Umwe mu bagwati, Marquinos yagize ati:"Inyuma y'ubwo bushakashatsi, harabonetse ubufasha: abantu, uburyo n'udukinga two kungenderako."

Igisagara ca Serrinha dos Pintos

Aho Santos aturuka i São Paulo, igisagara kinini kandi gifise ubutunzi cane muri Brezi, benshi mu babanyi biwe bava mu bwoko bumwe bufise amamuko i Serrinha. Benshi muri bo baba ari abavyara barongoranye hagati yabo.

Babwiye Santos ko abantu benshi mu gisagara iwabo badashobora gutambuka, ariko nta n'umwe yari azi igituma.

Santos yaciye atangura kugira amatohoza yamaze imyaka itari mike, hanyuma umugwi w'abashakashatsi uteba uratora ko ibimenyetso vy'iyo ngwara ari ivya Spoan. Basanze hari ahandi hari ibimenyetso nk'ivyo hashika 82 kw'isi.

Ku butumire bw'ababanyi babo, Santos yaragendeye Serrinha mu gihe c'ikiruhuko. Igihe yariko aratembera anaganira n'abahaba, ni ko yagenda aratangazwa n'ingene kurongorana mu bavyara ari ibintu bisanzwe.

Kuba Serrinha ari igisagara kiri kure cane n'abacimukiramwo bakaba bake, bisigura ko abantu benshi bafise ico bapfana canke barongorana hagati yabo, ukurongorana mu bavyara bikaba ari ibintu vyoroshe kandi bikaba vyemewe cane.

Kw'isi yose, abubakanye basangiye imiryango, zaharurwa ko zoba zashika ku 10% gushika mu 2010. Amakuru y'ubu vuba yerekana ko ibiharuro bigenda bitandukana, 50% mu gihugu nka Pakistani, gushika kuri 1-4% muri Brezil, no musi ya 1% mu bihugu vya Reta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'Uburusiya.

Ariko abahinga bavuga ko abana benshi bavyarwa n'abavyara barongoranye mu bihugu vyinshi bafise amagara meza.

Ariko muri abo bubakanye harakunda kubamwo impinduka y'uduce ndangakamere tuvuye kuri uwo muryango.

"Mu gihe abubakanye ata co bapfana, bashobora kuvyara umwana afise ubumuga ku bice 2-3%. Ku bavyara bubakanye, ivyo bice vyongerekana gushika 5-6% kuri buri mbanyi," nk'uko bivugwa n'umuhinga w'uduce ndangakamere, Luzivan Costa Reis wo kuri kaminuza ya Rio Grande do Sul muri Brezil.

Ubushakashatsi bwo mu 2010 bwari burongowe na Santos bwerekanye ko ibice 30% vy'abubakanye mu gisagara ca Serrinha bafise ico bapfana, kandi ica gatatu cabo bafise n'imiburiburi umwana umwe afise ubumuga.

Ubushakashatsi bw'igihe kirekire

Santos yatanguye akora ubushakashatsi ku bantu b'i Serrinha no kwihweza uduce ndangakamere twabo, ajayo incuro nyinshi hanyuma yanduruka afata ingingo yo kwimukirayo.

Mu myaka ya mbere y'ubwo bushakashatsi, kugenda ava São Paulo no kugaruka yagendesha imodoka ibirometero 2.000. Yaregeranije ibimenyetso vya ADN/DNA inzu ku yindi, aganira n'abahaba ari nako yegeranya amakuru ajanye na kahise k'imiryango yabo, arondera kumenya inkomoko y'iyo ngwara.

Igikorwa cafatwa ko comara amezi atatu gusa, cahindutse ico imyaka y'ubushakashatsi. Mu nyuma, ubushakashatsi bwiwe bwanditswe mu 2005, bwashize ahabona ko hari ingwara ya Spoan mu gihugu ca Brezil.

Umugwi wakorana na Santos wasanze ihindagurika ry'uduce ndangakamera rijanye n'ibura ry'agace gato ka 'Chromosomme', bigatuma agace ndagakamere kavyara 'proteine' nyinshi zirenze urugero mu bwonko.

Bigaragara ko ingwara ya Spoan imaze igihe kinini yarageze muri ako gace, mu myaka irenga 500 iheze - inyuma yo kuzanwa n'abantu bavuye i Buraya babaye mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Brezil.

"Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko abo bagwayi benshi bafise inkomoko i Buraya, ivyo bikaba bijanye n'uko hari abayahudi bava muri Espagne, Portugal na Pays Bas muri ako karere," nk'uko bivugwa na Santos.

Ico ciyumviro cagize inguvu cane inyuma y'aho abantu babiri bafise ingwara ya Spoan babonekeye mu Misri, ibindi vyigwa na vyo vyerekana ko abarwaye ingwara ya Spoan na bo nyene bafitaniye isano n'abantu bakomoka i Buraya, ivyo bikaba vyerekana ko bakomoka mu gice c'izinga ca Iberia.

Santos avuga ati: «Birashoboka ko iyo ngwara yazananye n'Abayahudi b'aba Sephardic canke aba Wamoor bahunze bava muri utwo turere».

Yemeza ko hashobora kuba hariho abantu benshi bafise iyo ngwara kw'isi yose cane cane muri Portugal.

Ingaruka y'iyo ngwara

N'aho hamaze kuba intambwe mu kuvura iyo ngwara, ugukurikirana abagwayi kwazanye impinduka ikomeye. Udukinga two kugenderako ntitwatumye haba ukwigenga gusa, twarafashije kandi mu kugwanya ubumuga. Kera, abari bafise ubumuga nk'ubwo babagumiza mu bitanda baryamye canke ku mukeka.

Uko ingwara Spoa igenda ikura, ni ko ingorane ugira mu mubiri zigenda ziyongera uko imyaka iginda iraba myinshi gushika kuri 50, aho usanga abafise iyo ngwara bose bitabwaho n'abavyeyi babo. Barananirwa no kuvuga kandi nta bushobozi baba bafise bwo kuvugana n'abandi.

Ubu hariho umugambi mushasha w'ubushakashatsi Santos afisemwo uruhara. Ufashwe mu mugongo n'ubushikiranganji bw'amagara y'abantu muri Brezil, aho bazogira amatohoza ku bubakanye 5.000 kugira barabe uduce ndangakamere twabo tuvugwa ko twandurukamwo ingwara nkizo.

Intumbero si ukubuza ko abavyara bubakana, ariko n'ugufasha abubakanye kumenya ingaruka zishobora kubashikira, nk'uko bivugwa na Santos.

Mu gihe ubu yigisha muri kaminuza, anarongoyeb kandi ikigo cigisha ivyerekeye uduce ndangakamere, akongera ariko arongereza aho akorera ubushakashatsi mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko bwa Brezil.

N'aho atakiba i Serrinha dos Pintos, urugendo rwose agizeyo, yiyumva nk'uwuri muhira.