STS-Uburyo bworoshe butuma umenya uko uriko urasaza

Guhaguruka uva ku ntebe benshi bashobora kwibaza ko ari ibintu bisanzwe, bidakenewe kwitabwaho, ariko ubushobozi bwawe bwo kubikora bushobora kuba bugaragaza vyinshi ku magara yawe.

Mu gupima, abaganga bakoresha igipimo co kwicarika no guhagurutsa bita 'Sit -To-Stand' (STS) cerekana incuro ushobora guhaguruka wongera wicara mu kiringo c'amasegonda 30.

Ni igipimo mu bisanzwe gikoreshwa kwa muganga barondera kumenya ibibazo abantu bageze mu za bukuru boba bafise, ariko umuntu ashobora kugikoresha no muhira.

Muganga Ugdeep Dhesi, umwigisha muri kaminuza ya King's College London akaba n'umuhinga wo mu kigo Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust i Londres, yavuze ati: "Ni igipimo ngirakamaro cane, kuko kitwereka vyinshi ku magara y'umuntu."

"Kitwereka uko umugwayi ahagaze mu vyerekeye inguvu, kutazungazunga, no kunonoka. Ibi bituma umuganga amenya nimba hari impungenge ko umugwayi ashobora kugira ibibazo vyo kugwa hasi, ibibazo vy'ingwara z'umutima, canke mbere n'ivyago vyo gupfa."

Ico ukeneye gusa aha ni intebe y'inyegamo, ariko idafise aho gushimikiza amaboko, n'ico wifashisha mu guharura umwanya (terefone nyinshi ngendanwa za kino gihe zishobora kuguha ubu bufasha)

Mu kugerageza kino gipimo, icara hagati mu ntebe, nyuranya amaboko, canke uyashire ku bitugu uyanyuranije, ugumize umugongo ugororotse ibirenge bifashe neza hasi.

Tangure rero uharure umwanya, hanyuma uhaguruke neza wongere wicare, ugume gusubiramwo incuro zose ushobora kumara mu kiringo c'imiseconda 30, uharure incuro ushobora guhaguruka neza muri uwo mwanya.

Urupimo

N'ubwo iki gipimo gikoreshwa ku bakuze kuva ku myaka 60, kiranakoreshwa ku bakiri bato rimwe na rimwe.

Ikigo kijejwe kugenzura no gukumira ingwara CDC, n'ikigo ca Reta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kijejwe amagara y'abantu, vyatangaje ibiharuro ngereranyo ku migwi itandukanye y'abantu.

Ibiharuro biri munsi y'igitigiri ngereranyo, bishobora kugaragaza ivyago vyo kugira ibibazo vy'amagara, nko kugwa hasi.

Nk'akarorero, ku muntu ari hagati y'imyaka 60 na 64, igitigiri ngereranyo c'incuro ashobora guhaguruka ni 14 ku bagabo, na 12 ku bagore mu maseconda 30.

Ariko rero, iyo umuntu ari hagati y'imyaka 85 na 89, muri rusangi ashobora guhaguruka incuro 8 muri uwo myanya.

Ivyo bitigiri ngereranyo mugabo ntibiraba nimba umuntu yoba yarigeze kugira ingorane z'amagara, nk'akarorero, iyo aheruka kubagwa canke gukomereka.

Kubwa CDC, ibiharuro ngereranyo ku rupimo rwa STS kuri buri mugwi ni:

Iki gipimo ni ciza no ku bakiri bato canke abadafise uburwayi na bumwe kuko kigaragaza urugero rw'inkomezi no kugumana agatege cane cane mu bice vyo hepfo y'umutumba ku mubiri w'umuntu.

N'urupimo rwa bose

Abashakashatsi mu Buswisi basavye abantu bagera ku 7000 bakuze gukorerwa ico gipimo ca STS hanyuma bagereranya ivyo batoye.

Baciye babona ko igitigiri ngereranyo ku muntu ari hagati y'imyaka 20 na 24, ashobora guhaguruka ari incuro 50 ku munota ku bagabo, na 47 ku bagore.

Ariko rero, abari muri ico gikorwa c'igerageza, barashoboye guhaguruka gushika ku ncuro 72 ku munota.

Mu kindi cigwa, cakozwe ku bantu batagwaye, ku bushake bwabo, bari hagati y'imyaka 21, abashakashatsi basanze hariho isano rikomeye hagati y'ibipimo vy'iryo gerageza rya STS n'ubushobozi bwo guhumeka hamwe no gukomera kw'umuntu.

Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko iki gipimo gishobora no kwerekana ibibazo bidashoka bigaragara bihishura ingwara umuntu aba afise ariko zitaraboneka.

Nk'akarorero, kudashobora guhaguruka incuro zikwiye bishobora gukoreshwa mu kugaragaza abantu bafise ivyago vyo kugira ingaruka z'inyuma yo kubagwa canke kuvugwa kanseri (cancer).

Iyo urugero rw'ubushobozi bwo guhaguruka ari ruto ku muntu, ni ikimenyetso ko afise ikibazo c'umutima n'ico amahaha, bishobora kuba bidakora neza, ibituma umuntu agira ivyago vy'ingwara z'umutima, nka 'infarctus du myocarde', kuvirirana mu bwonko – 'avc/stroke', canke kuziba kw'udutsi dutwara amaraso mu bwonko (insuffisance cardiaque)

Nk'uko bimenyeshwa n'ikigo kijejwe kugenzura no gukumira ingwara CDC, iyo umuntu aronse urugero rw'ubushobozi ruri munsi y'igitigiri ngereranyo rw'imyaka yiwe kuri ico gipimo, aba afise ivyago biri hejuru vyo gushobora gutemba.

Dr Dhesi agira ati: "Ikituraje ishinga vy'ukuri, ni uko iyo abantu badashobora kugumana inguvu zabo, guhagarara, kuguma banonotse, no kuguma bafise umutima ukora neza, baba bashobora kugwa hasi."

Hafi ibice 30 % vy'abari hejuru y'imyaka 65 baragwa buri mwaka, ico giharuro kiri kuri 50% ku bari hejuru y'imyaka 80. Inyuma yo gutemba, baratinya gusubira kandi kugwa, igituma baca batinya kuva mu nzu, ibi bikabajana mu bwigunge.

Dhesi avuya ati "nimba utinya kugwa, uca ureka gusohoka, ntuheza ngo ugire abo muhura canke ngo ugire ibindi ukora. Bihinduka inzinguzingu y'urukurikirane rw'ibibazo."

Hejuru y'ubwo bwigunge, gutemba bishobora kuzanana n'ibindi bibazo nk'imvune no gukomereka, cane cane ku bantu bageze mu myaka y'ubusaza.

Dr Dhesi agira ati: "Gutemba ni ikibazo gikomeye cane, kuko hejuru yo gukomereka, guhinyagara no kubabara, hari kandi n'imvune zikomeye nko kuvunika amagufa yo mu mafyigo."

Icigwa cakozwe mu 2012 cerekanye ko kimwe mu bimenyetso bitangwa n'ico gipimo co kwicara no guhaguruka -STS - ari imburizi ku vyago vyo gupfa ku bantu bari hagati y'imyaka 51 na 80.

Abantu bashobora guhaguruka incuro ziri munsi y'urugero ngereranyo rw'incuro bashobora guhaguruka ku myaka yabo, baba bafise ivyago vyo gupfa mu kiringo c'imyaka itandatu, vyikuba incuro ziri hagati ya 5 na 6 ugererenije n'abo banganya imyaka bashobora guhaguruka incuro nyinshi.

Ariko rero, Dhesi avuga ko n'ubwo ico gipimo ca STS ari ikimenyetso ciza, kidashobora gutanga uburyo bwo kumenya amahirwe yo kuramba umuntu afise uko yoba angana.

Agira ati: "Ibitangwa n'ico gipimo birashobora gutuma tumenya ko hari ivyo dushobora gukora kugira ngo ubuzima bw'abantu bumere neza, amagara yabo agume yifashe neza, bagumane ubwigenge kandi bibafashe kuramba igihe kirekire, ari na vyo baba bakeneye.

"Gukora ico gipimo co kwicara no guhaguruka uri muhira, bigufasha kumenya uko amagara yawe yifashe ugereranije n'abo mu runganwe rwawe, bigashobora kukubera uburyo bwiza bwo kwibuka gukora ibikenewe kugira ngo ubandanya kubungabunga amagara yawe. Nibaza rero ko ari akaryo keza ko guha abantu ubushobozi bwo kwifatira ibintu mu minwe ku bijanye no kwitwararika amagara yabo".

Kubwa Dhesi, uburyo bwiza bwo kuduza uru rugero rw'incuro umuntu ashobora guhaguruka, n'ukuguma ugerageza gukora utuntu kandi ugendagenda kenshi gashoboka.

Nimba na ho ufise ikibazo co kugendagenda, urashobora gutangura gukora imyimenyerezo wicaye kugirango ubanze uronke utuguvu. Uhereye aho, uraheza ugahaguruka incuro zitanu buri saha, canke uko amasaha abiri aheze.

Ubishoboye, gutembera bisanzwe mu bwicaro (salon) canke ufise ingazi ukaziduga ukongera ukamanuka, nk'incuro zitatu canke zine ku munsi, birashobora kuzana amahinduka agaragara.

Dr Dhesi avuga ati: "Urashobora kwirinda kugira amaguru atagiramwo inguvu mu kuba mu nzu ifise igorofa rimwe; muri rusangi, ni ukumenya ko utegerezwa kuduga ingazi ukongera ukamanuka, ukoresheje imitsi yawe, ata mpungenge zo gutemba kandi ata bufasha urinze kurondera".

Dhesi ahanura kandi ko umuntu yoja arasohoka akagenda hanze, akanonora imitsi bimushobokeye.

Amazu menshi yo kwinonora imitsi aratanga uburyo bwo kunonora imitsi ku giciro giciriritse ku bantu bafise imyaka yigiye imbere.

Ikirenzeko, umuntu bituma ahura kandi akamenyana n'abandi. Ikindi kandi, birazwi ko ari ikintu gihambaye abantu babandanya bakenera uko bagenda basaza: ubwigunge no gukumirwa mu kibano bishobora kugira ingaruka ku magara yacu.

Ikindi kandi, izindi nama ni ukuguma umuntu agorora imitsi agakora udukorwa two mu nzu.

Ku bari mu myaka y'ubusaza, gukina n'abuzukuru iyo babafise, birashobora gufasha: ugapfukama hasi kumwe na bo, ugahaguruka bahagurutse.

Kuri ibi ni ukwongerako bike ku vyo usanzwe ukora buri munsi, harimwo guhaguruka ukinanura, iyo wicaye igihe kire kire, kugenda utambuka ugashika ku maduka aho gufata imodokari, canke kurima.

*Iyi ni inkuru yakozwe ubwa mbere na BBC Future.