Ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru: Raporo nshya ishyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa nyuma mu karere

Raporo y'umuryango uharanira ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru, Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), yashyize u Rwanda ku mwanya wa nyuma mu karere k'ibiyaga bigari.

Iyi raporo y'uyu muryango wo mu Bufaransa, yasohotse kuri iyi tariki ya gatatu Gicurasi (5), umunsi ngarukamwaka w'ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru washyizweho n'Umuryango w'Abibumbye, ishyira u Rwanda ku mwanya wa 144 n'amanota 40/100 mu bihugu 180 byakoreweho ubushakashatsi.

Rwasubiye inyuma ho imyanya 13 ugereranyije na raporo nk'iyi yo mu 2023, aho rwari ku mwanya wa 131.

Nubwo u Burundi buri ku mwanya wa 108 n'amanota 51/100, buvuye ku mwanya wa 114 bwariho mu mwaka ushize, RSF ivuga ko ku butegetsi bwa Perezida Évariste Ndayishimiye u Burundi bukomeje kurangwamo umwuka wo "kwibasira cyane" abanyamakuru.

Itanga urugero rwo mu 2023 ubwo umunyamakuru yakatirwaga gufungwa imyaka 10 ku birego ivuga ko bidahuye mu by'ukuri n'ibyo yazizwaga, agashinjwa "kwibasira umutekano w'imbere w'igihugu".

Imyanya y'ibihugu by'akarere k'Afurika y'uburasirazuba:

Ku rwego rw'isi, RSF ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru burimo kubangamirwa n'"abantu ubundi bagakwiye kuburengera – abanyapolitiki".

RSF ivuga ko ibyo bigaragarira ku kuntu mu nkingi eshanu – politiki, ubukungu, amategeko, imibereho n'umutekano – ishingiraho muri raporo yayo, muri uyu mwaka inkingi ya politiki ari yo yasubiye inyuma cyane kurusha izindi.

Ku isi, ibihugu bitanu bya mbere mu kubahiriza ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru ni Norvège, iza ku mwanya wa mbere, ikurikiwe na Denmark, Suède, Ubuholandi na Finland.

'Kugenzura itangazamakuru hitwajwe jenoside'

Ku Rwanda, raporo ya RSF y'uyu mwaka ivuga ko kuva Perezida Paul Kagame yagera ku butegetsi, agenzura itangazamakuru, yitwaje kwibuka jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda mu 1994, ubwo itangazamakuru ryenyegezaga urwango rushingiye ku bwoko.

Mu gihe cyashize, abategetsi mu Rwanda bakunze kunenga uburyo RSF ikoramo raporo zayo, bavuga ko igarura amakuru ashaje atajyanye n'igihe.

Iyi raporo ivuga ko nubwo nta munyamakuru cyangwa umukozi wo mu itangazamakuru wishwe kugeza ubu guhera ku itariki ya mbere Mutarama (1) uyu mwaka, abanyamakuru babiri ubu bafunze.

RSF ivuga ko mu Rwanda ari "hamwe mu hantu habi cyane muri Afurika" ho gukorera itangazamakuru.

Ivuga ko shene za televiziyo mu gihugu zigenzurwa na leta cyangwa ikabinyuza mu bazifitemo imigabane bo mu ishyaka riri ku butegetsi rya FPR – Inkotanyi.

BBC Gahuzamiryango ntiyashoboye kugenzura mu buryo bwigenga bimwe mu bivugwa muri iyi raporo, ariko harimo ibihuye n'ibyagiye bitangazwa n'indi miryango irimo nk'iharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Leta y'u Rwanda yo ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru buri ku gipimo cyo hejuru, raporo iheruka 'Rwanda Media Barometer' yo mu 2021 ivuga ko ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru buri kuri 93%.

Abategetsi muri leta, nko mu kigo cy'igihugu gishinzwe imiyoborere (RGB), n'abakuriye itangazamakuru, bavuga ko umubare w'ibitangazamakuru byinshi biriho ubu kandi mu ngeri zitandukanye ari kimwe mu bimenyetso by'ubwisanzure bw'itangazamakuru.

Ariko nko ku maradiyo, RSF ivuga ko menshi muri yo yibanda ku muziki no ku biganiro by'imikino "mu kwirinda kugira ibibazo".

Ivuga kandi ko itangazamakuru ry'inkuru z'icukumbura "ntirikorwa henshi", ndetse ko mu myaka ya vuba aha ishize abanyamakuru bagerageje gukwirakwiza inkuru ku ngingo zikomeye babinyujije ku rubuga rwa YouTube no ku zindi mbuga za internet bahawe ibihano bikaze.

RSF ivuga ko ibintu byarushijeho kuba bibi ku banyamakuru mu Rwanda kuva Perezida Kagame yakongera gutorerwa manda ya gatatu muri Kanama (8) mu 2017.

Ivuga ko abakuru b'ibitangazamakuru bagomba gusezeranya ko bayobotse ubutegetsi, ndetse ko abanyamakuru benshi bagiye bahatirwa kujya muri gahunda y'amahugurwa yitwa ayo gukunda igihugu cyangwa kujya mu ishyaka riri ku butegetsi.

Amateka yo kwibuka jenoside hamwe n'amateka y'ibitangazamakuru nka RTLM (Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines), yashishikarizaga urwango rushingiye ku bwoko, na byo biracyakoreshwa cyane mu kubuza ubwisanzure mu kuvuga ibitagenda, nkuko iyi raporo ibivuga.

Isoko ryo kwamamaza – aho ubusanzwe ibitangazamakuru byinshi bikura amikoro – ni rito kubera ko nta rwego rukomeye rw'abikorera ruhari rudakorera mu kwaha kw'ishyaka riri ku butegetsi, nkuko RSF ikomeza ibivuga.

Ivuga kandi ko ruswa henshi mu itangazamakuru ituma bamwe mu banyamakuru bahabwa indonke bikagira ingaruka mu buryo batangazamo inkuru.

Yongeraho ko kubera akazi kabo karangwa no kutizera uko ejo buzacya bimeze, n'igitutu cyinshi no guterwa ubwoba, bituma abanyamakuru bakiri bato bakunze kujya mu yindi mirimo nk'iyo gutangaza amakuru meza yo mu bigo, "ihemba neza kandi irimo ibyago bicye".

Kuva mu 1996, RSF ivuga ko abanyamakuru icyenda bamaze kwicwa mu Rwanda cyangwa bagatangazwa ko baburiwe irengero, naho abandi 35 byabaye ngombwa ko bahunga igihugu.