Uburovyi muri Ghana: Gufatwa nabi, igiturire n’urupfu mu bwato bw’Abashinwa

Na George Wright & Thomas Naadi

BBC News, London & Acra

Iyo uvuze ugufatwa nabi n’igiturire ku bwato bwo kuroba bw’Abashinwa muri Ghana, Bright Tsai Kweku vyose arabizi.

Aramaze kubona abajejwe ubwato b’Abashinwa bafata abarovyi b’abanya-Ghana nk’’’abacakara/abaja’’, nk’uko avuga.

Kweku avuga ati: "Barabakubita, barabacirako amate, barabasunagura. Ivyo nanje narabiciyemwo."

Kweku akora nka bosum – umuntu aba ajejwe ibikoresho n’abakora ku bwato. Avuga ko yahatiwe gukora ataryama, arakwa ivyo kurya kandi ahatirwa kunywa amazi acafuye.

Avuga ko bamwe muri bagenzi biwe ivyabo vyo vyabaye bibi kurusha aho.

Kweku avuga ko umwe mu bo bakorana yarwaye cholera (korera) ari mu bwato bw’Abashinwa ariko ababujejwe baranka kumujana i musozi ngo avurwe.

Yasubiye i musozi atakiri muzima.

Yarabonye uwundi yahiye bikomeye aturiwe n’umuriro wadutse bari mu bwato.

Uwundi bakorana yakomerekejwe na kimwe mu vyuma vy’ubwato. Nta n’umwe yarokotse kandi gushika ubu imiryango nta ndishi y’akababaro nyayo irahabwa, nk’uko abivuga.

Ubwo ni uburorero buke cane bw’iryo fatwa nabi rirangwa henshi hamwe n’ugufata ibintu minenerwe bivugwa ku bwato bwo kuroba bw’Abashinwa bukorera mu mazi ya Ghana.

Ikigo gishingiye mu Bwongereza Environmental Justice Foundation (EJF) kivuga ko nibura 90% ya bene ubwo bwato bunini bwo kuroba mu mabahari bukorera muri Ghana buri mu minwe y’Abashinwa.

Ibi ariko biciye kubiri n’amategeko yo muri Ghana ku rugero rwategerezwa kuba ruri mu minwe ya Ghana rw’ubwato buroba kw’izina rya Ghana.

Ubutari buke muri ubwo bwato buraja mu bikorwa biteye kubiri n’amategeko, nk’uko bivugwa na EJF.

Icegeranyo ca vuba gitohoza ico rivuga ko ari ari ibikorwa biteye kubiri n’amategeko, bitavugwa kandi bidacungerwa bijanye n’uburovyi n’uburenganzira bwa muntu bikorwa na kompanyi y’ubwato yo mu Bushinwa yitwa Distant Water Fishing (DWF) ikorera mu mazi ya Ghana.

Abaganza n’abakoresha ubwato bw’iyo kompanyi DWF yo mu Bushinwa ntivyoroshe kumenya kandi birimwo ifipfungu, kandi iyo kompanyi ni ya mbere nini kw’isi.

Uko bose ari 36, abakoresha ubwo bwato babajijwe na EJF bose barahatiwe gukora amasaha arenga 14 ku munsi kandi bagahabwa indya zitabereye.

Mu kwishura, ubuserukizi bw’Ubuhsinwa bwavuze ko ari igihugu "cigenza uko bikwiriye mu burovyi".

Ibiro vyo kumenyesha amakuru vyabwiye BBC biti: "Twamye dukorana kuva kera n’abakozi bava mu bihugu mpuzamakungu bitandukanye mu kurwanya uburovyi buteye kubiri n’amategeko, butazwi kandi budacungerewe, kandi twakoze vyinshi mu kurwanya uburovyi buciye kubiri n’amategeko."

Kimwe mu vyago vya mbere bibi vyarimwo ubwato bw’Ubushinwa mu mazi ya Ghana haheze amezi umunani kibaye. Ku wa 6 Rusama (5), ubwato MV Conforter bwarazamye kubera ibihe vy’igihuhusi mu kiyaga.

Abantu 14 bakora kuri ubwo bwato baratabawe ariko 11 n’ubu ntawuramenya irengero ryabo, kandi vyibazwa ko bapfuye, harimwo n’uwari yarungitswe na reta kuba indorerezi (ry’ivyo ubwo bwato bukora). Ikiziga c’umudereva w’Umushinwa caratowe.

Umwe mu barokotse, yasavye ko atomenyekana ngaha tuja kwita Michael, aribuka agahomerabunwa kabaye uwo munsi.

N’ubwo ibihuhusi vyaguma birushiriza kuba nabi, avuga ko abajejwe ubwato b’Abashinwa bategetse abrovyi gukwega urundi rusenga rwari rwuzuye amafi rimwe na rimwe.

Ubwato bwari busanzwe buja burimwo amafi menshi gutya buca burananirwa, burazama kubera ukuremerwa hamwe n’ikiyaga cari mu gihuhusi.

Michael n’abandi icenda barashoboye kuguma bafashe ingunguru ya plastic yariko irararemba, bamara ikiringo c’amasaha hafi 24, imbere y’uko abarovyi babatora.

Avuga ati: "Ryari ijoro riteye ubwoba. Ntitwari tuzi ko tuharokoka."

Gushika ubu Michael ntarakira neza haba ku mubiri canke mu mutwe, kandi avuga ko kompanyi izwi ko ariyo nyene ubwo bwato, Botcom, nta ndishi y’akababaro iramuha.

Avuga ati: "Sinezerewe namba, kompanyi iguma irondera ivyo idusigurira. Rimwe na rimwe hari igihe numva ububabare umubiri wose. Nkeneye kwitabwaho n’abaganga, ariko nta mafaranga mfise."

Kojo Ampratwum umuyobozi nshingwabikorwa wa Boatcom, yabwiye BBC ko kompanyi yatanze ivyegeranyo kuri komapanyi ishumbusha (assurance), ko arindiriye ico imubwira. Kumenya bene MV Conforter 2 n’ubundi bwato bukorera muri Ghana biragoye cane.

Kuba ubwato bukwega insenga (trawl vessels) buganzwa n’abanyamahanga kandi bukora kw’izina rya Ghana biteye kubiri n’amategeko, ariko amwe amwe mu makompanyi yo mu Bushinwa ivyo arabizunguruka aciye ku ma kompanyi aseruka nk’ayo muri Ghana [ariko anyegeje ayandi].

Mu bushakashatsi bwayo, EJF ivuga ko kompanyi yo mu Bushinwa Dalian Mengxin Ocean Fishery Company impera n’imperuka ari yo nyene MV Conforter 2 kandi ko buharurwa mu bwa Meng Xin.

Ubwato bwa Meng Xin nabwo bwaravuzwe mu kamaramaza kazwi cane mu mazi ya Ghana muri iyi myaka ya vuba -iburwa ry’irengero ry’umurorerezi [wa reta] Emmanuel Essien.

Mu 2018, Ghana yagenye abarorerezi baja mu bwato bw’uburovyi bukorera kw’izina rya Ghana. Akazi kabo ni ukwegeranya amakuru ku bikorwa vy’uburovyi no gutanga ivyegeranyo ku bikorwa binyuranye n’amategeko mu mazi.

Essien yari yaramenyekanye nk’umuntu akora ako kazi neza, ariko ivyo vyamukwegeye ingorane.

Yahanganye n’Umushinwa igihe yari amubujije gufata amasanamu y’abarovyi igihe bariko barata amafi mu mazi kandi biteye kubiri n’amategeko, nk’uko bivugwa n’uwo bavukana James Essien.

Icegeranyo ca nyuma ca Emmanuel ko mugwi ujejwe uburovyi ni ico ku wa 24 Ruheshi mu 2019.

Muri ico cegeranyo -BBC yashoboye guhabwa kopi yaco- yerekana ibikorwa vy’uburovyi biteye kubiri n’amategeko akavuga ati: "Ico nsaba gusa ni uko igiporisi gikora amatohoza kurusha aho."

Ku wa 5 Mukakaro (7), Emmenuel yarabuzwe irengero mu bwato Meng Xin 15.

James avuga ko uwo bavukana asangiye n’abandi ibifungurwa vyo ku mugoroba imbere y’uko baja mu twumba twabo kuryama. Bukeye mu gitondo, ntawamenye irengero rya Emmanuel.

Inyuma y’imyaka itatu, umuryango n’ubu nta nyishu uraronka. Amatohoza y’igiporisi "nta bimenyetso vy’ubukozi bw’ikibi canke ibimenyetso vy’icaha" yatoye.

James yabwiye BBC amosozi arindigita mu maso ati: "Nifuza ko ukuri kuja ahabona."

Mengxin Ocean Fishery Company ntiyashoboye kuboneka ngo hagire ico ivuze.

Kutamenya irengero rya Emmanuel ni kimwe mu mvo zatumye abarorerezi b’uburorvyi muri Ghana batakaza ingoga zo gukora ako kazi.

Abarorerezi ba Ghana bavuganye na BBC basigura ingene umuco w’ubwoba, ibiturire no gufata ibintu minenerwe ubasunikira kwemera gufumbatishwa (kwakira ibiturire) kugira banyegeze ukuri [ku vyo baba babonye] ku burovyi buteye kubiri n’amategeko n’ifatwa nabi ry’abakozi mu bwato bw’Abashinwa.

Umwe mu barorerezi atashimye kumenyekana izina, ngaha twise Daniel, avuga ati: "Benshi mu bo dukorana barakira amafaranga.

"Barapfumbatsihwa kandi bakakira amafaranga bahabwa n’Abashinwa hanyuma bagaha ubushikiranganji ivyegeranyo bitari vyo."

Abarorerezi bose babajijwe bavuga ko imishahara yabo ari intica-ntikize kandi bigashobora gufata gushika ku mezi atanu imbere y’uko bahembwa, vyumvikana ko agashirukabute k’Abashinwa n’Abanya-Ghana bajejwe ubwato gakenewe kugira bashobore kugaburira imiryango yabo.

Umwe muri bo twise Samuel avuga ati: "Wanse kwakira ico giturire utahana inzara.

"Benshi muri abo barorerezi barakira ibiturire. Niko tubigenza kugira dushobore gutunga imiryango yacu."

Bamwe baragira ubwoba gushika aho badashobora kuvuga ukuri [kw’ivyo bazi].

Samuel ati: "Rimwe na rimwe ico bakora bata umurorerezi mu mazi – vyarashitse muri kahise."

"Kubera ubwoba ubundi ibintu nk’ivyo ntavyo tuvuga."

Umwe mu bahoze ari abarorerezi ubu yavuye muri Ghana, yabwiye BBC ko rimwe yahamagawe mu biro vy’umutegetsi wo hejuru mu bushikiranganji bujejwe uburovyi inyuma y’aho amariye gushikiriza icegeranyo ku bikorwa binyuranye n’amategeko vyari vyabereye mu mazi.

Avuga ko umutegetsi yamusavye kwerekana ivyemeza, hanyuma aca arabifuta muri terefone yiwe. Ariko yari yanabibitse mu mashini yiwe amubwira ko azoca abishira ku mbuga hwaniro.

Avuga ko yaciye atangura kugirirwa iterabwoba.

Vyarashitse aho vyanka ko asinzira ari imuhira iwe kuko abantu bari bazi aho aba kandi yaratinya ko umunsi umwe ashobora guterwa, canke mbere bikaba bibi kurusha aho.

Umunsi umwe ariko aratwara ikinga hafi y’ikivuko c’uburovyi muri Tema, igisagara co ku kivuko mu buseruko bw’umurwa mukuru, Acra, avuga ko hari umutegetsi wa Ghana yamubonye hayuma agerageza kumuhenura n’imodoka yiwe.

"Yaragerageje kungonga n’imodoka yiwe kuri ico kivuko c’uburovyi. Naramubonye nca nsimbira mu mufurege... uwo mugabo yari umusazi."

Amaherezo yafashe ingingo yo kuva mu ico gisata amaze kugabishwa kenshi ko azokwicwa.

"Nari nsigaye ndi mu magorwa kuko ngiye ku kivuko, umwe umwe wese yaca atangura kundaba. Nta na kimwe naronka nkora. Naciye mba nk’umunyamahanga, nk’uko noba ndi umuntu mubi. Ntivyari binyoroheye na gato."

N’ubu iyo asubiye muri Ghana aririnda kwegera ku kivuko.

"Abantu baragerageza kuntera ubwoba. Abo bagabo ntibafyina."

Steve Trent, uwashinze igiko ca EJF, avuga ko kuba Abashinwa ari bo bene ubwinshi bw’ubwato buroba mu mabahari ari ikibazo gikomeye muri Afrika y’uburengero, abagiriza ko akenshi birengangiza amategeko.

Ariko muri Ghana, ico kibazo "kirakaze cane kurusha ahandi", nk’uko avuga.

 "Abo Bashinwa bene ubwato usanga bashizeho kapiteni w’Umushinwa ajejwe ubwato akaba ari we ategeka abakozi ahanini usanga ari abanya-Ghana kandi abo ba kapiteni nibo bafata abantu nabi" nk’uko Trent avuga.

Ayo mabi ayata kuri bene ubwato kuko bashaka kuronka "nyungu nini ishoboka mu gukoresha bike bishoboka".

Amatohoza ya EJF yasanze igiturire kirangwa ‘’hafi kuri buri rugero kandi harimwo abategetsi bajejwe uburovyi, abaporisi n’abo mu ngabo zo mu mazi bajejwe gucungera [ingene ukuroba bikorwa], nk’uko abandanya avuga.

N’ubwo hari icahindutse mu bijanye no kuroba hinsunzwe amategeko muri Ghana, Trent avuga ko hari vyinshi bigikeneye gukorwa.

Avuga ati: "Dutegerezwa kuraba ibihengeri [mu mategeko] n’amayeri y’ingene bigenda ngo ube nyene ubwato, kugira ngo bizibirwe’’.

Reta ya Ghana ntaco yasubije igihe yasabwa kenshi kugira ico ivuze.

Kweku ashaka ko reta yemerera abarovyi gushinga amashirahamwe y’abakozi canke sendika nyazo, kandi hoba indinganzizo y’uko abantu babanza guhabwa amasezerano y’akazi imbere y’uko batangura ako kazi ko kuja mu mazi kuroba.

Uruvange rw’ugufatwa nabi, ukuburwa irengero no guhembwa nabi vyose vyamukoraniyeko bimusigamwo ingaruka z’gihe kirekire ku buzima bwiwe bwo mu mutwe, n’ubwo abandi benshi.

"Twaburiye abarovyi benshi mu mazi kandi nta na kimwe gikorwa kuri ivyo. Avuga ko ‘’ubu habura abarorerezi batatu".

"Twese ubu turatinya kuja mu mazi ariko nta kazi kari i musozi, gutyo urihambira ukagenda."