Uwatorotse igisirikare cy'Uburusiya yahishuye amabanga y'intambara ajyanye no kurinda ikigo cy'intwaro kirimbuzi

Ku munsi Uburusiya bwagabyeho igitero gisesuye kuri Ukraine muri Gashyantare (2) mu mwaka wa 2022, Anton avuga ko ikigo cya gisirikare cy'intwaro kirimbuzi za nikleyeri yakoragamo cyari kiryamiye amajanja cyiteguye kurwana byuzuye.

Uyu wahoze ari umusirikare mukuru wo mu ngabo z'Uburusiya zirwanisha intwaro kirimbuzi agira ati: "Mbere yaho, twakoraga imyitozo gusa. Ariko ku munsi intambara yatangiriyeho, intwaro zari ziteguye neza.

"Twari twiteguye kugaba ingabo mu nyanja no mu kirere ndetse, urebye, [twari twiteguye] kugaba igitero cy'intwaro kirimbuzi."

Nahuriye na Anton ahantu h'ibanga hanze y'Uburusiya. Ku bw'umutekano we, BBC ntihishura aho hantu. Twanahinduye izina rye ndetse ntitugaragaza isura ye.

Anton yari umusirikare mukuru mu kigo cy'ibanga rikomeye cy'intwaro kirimbuzi cyo mu Burusiya.

Yatweretse ibyangombwa byemeza umutwe w'ingabo yakoreragamo, ipeti rye hamwe n'icyo kigo.

BBC ntiyashoboye kugenzura mu buryo bwigenga ibintu byose avuga, nubwo bihuye n'ibyo Uburusiya bwatangazaga icyo gihe.

Nyuma y'iminsi itatu ingabo z'Uburusiya zicuncumukiye muri Ukraine, Perezida w'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yatangaje ko ingabo zishinzwe gukumira ibitero by'intwaro kirimbuzi zategetswe kuba "mu buryo bwihariye bw'igikorwa cyo kurwana".

Anton avuga ko kwitegura kurwana byashyizweho ku munsi wa mbere w'intambara ndetse avuga ko umutwe w'ingabo yari arimo "wafungiraniwe mu kigo".

Uyu wahoze ari umusirikare mukuru agira ati: "Icyo twabonaga gusa ni televiziyo y'igihugu y'Uburusiya.

"Rwose sinari nzi icyo ibyo byose byari bisobanuye. Nahise nkora inshingano zanjye. Ntitwari turimo kurwana mu ntambara, twari turinze gusa intwaro za kirimbuzi."

Yongeraho ko uko kuryamira amajanja kwakuweho nyuma y'ibyumweru biri hagati ya bibiri na bitatu.

Ubuhamya bwa Anton butanga ishusho y'imikorere y'ibanga rikomeye y'imbere mu ngabo z'Uburusiya zirwanisha intwaro kirimbuzi. Ni gacye cyane abasirikare baganira n'abanyamakuru.

Arasobanura ati: "Habera ijonjora rikomeye cyane. Buri wese ni umusirikare w'umwuga – nta bashya binjiye mu gisirikare [bahaba]."

"Haba amagenzura ahoraho n'amasuzuma yo gutahura niba utabeshya akorerwa kuri buri wese. Umushahara uri hejuru cyane, ndetse izo ngabo ntizoherezwa mu ntambara. Ziri aho gusa kugira ngo zihashye igitero cy'intwaro kirimbuzi, cyangwa kugira ngo zikigabe."

Uwo wahoze ari umusirikare mukuru avuga ko ubuzima bwagenzurwaga cyane.

Arasobanura ati: "Yari inshingano yanjye kugenzura ko abasirikare nyoboye batazana telefone n'imwe kuri icyo kigo cy'intwaro kirimbuzi.

"Ni sosiyete [umuryango] ifunze, nta bantu batazwi bahaba. Iyo ushaka ko ababyeyi bawe bagusura, ugomba kohereza ubusabe kuri FSB [urwego rw'ubutasi rw'Uburusiya] amezi atatu mbere yaho."

Anton yari umwe mu bagize umutwe ushinzwe umutekano w'icyo kigo – umutwe utabara aho rukomeye kandi mu buryo bwihuse warindaga intwaro kirimbuzi.

Aca amarenga ko bimuteye ishema, agira ati: "Twahoraga dukora imyitozo. Igihe cyacu cyo kuba twatangiye gutabara cyari iminota ibiri."

Uburusiya bufite intwaro kirimbuzi zikora zigera ku 4,380, nkuko ishyirahamwe ry'Amerika ry'abahanga muri siyanse ribivuga, ariko 1,700 zonyine "ziragabye" cyangwa ziteguye gukoreshwa.

Ibihugu byo mu muryango wo gutabarana w'Uburayi n'Amerika (OTAN) bifite umubare nk'uwo w'intwaro kirimbuzi biziteranyije byose.

Hari n'impungenge niba Putin ashobora guhitamo kugaba intwaro kirimbuzi zikoreshwa ku rugamba (zizwi nka 'non-strategic nuclear weapons' cyangwa zizwi akenshi nka 'tactical nuclear weapons', mu Cyongereza). Izi ni misile ntoya cyane, muri rusange zidateza ingaruka z'ubumara ahantu henshi.

Ariko ikoreshwa ryazo ryatuma intambara ifata indi ntera iteje akaga.

Ibiro bya perezida w'Uburusiya (bizwi nka Kremlin) byakomeje gukora uko bishoboye kose kugira ngo birakaze uburengerazuba bw'isi (Uburayi n'Amerika).

Mu cyumweru gishize honyine, Putin yemeje impinduka ku mahame agenga ikoreshwa ry'intwaro kirimbuzi – amategeko agenga ukuntu n'igihe Uburusiya bushobora gukoresha intwaro kirimbuzi.

Ayo mahame ubu avuga ko Uburusiya bushobora gukoresha intwaro kirimbuzi igihe bugabweho "igitero kinini cyane" cya misile zisanzwe kigabwe n'igihugu kidafite intwaro kirimbuzi ariko "harimo uruhare cyangwa ubufasha bw'igihugu gifite intwaro kirimbuzi".

Abategetsi bo mu Burusiya bavuga ko ayo mahame avuguruye "akuraho neza" kuba bwashobora gutsindwa ku rugamba.

Ese intwaro kirimbuzi z'Uburusiya zose zirakora?

Inzobere zimwe zo mu burengerazuba zumvikanishije ko intwaro nyinshi zabwo ari izo mu gihe cy'ubwari Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti, ndetse ko zishobora kuba zitanakora.

Uwo musirikare mukuru wahoze mu mutwe w'ingabo zirwanisha intwaro kirimbuzi ahakana icyo gitekerezo, avuga ko ari "imyumvire yoroheje cyane y'ingirwa nzobere".

"Hashobora kuba hari intwaro zimwe za kera mu turere tumwe, ariko igihugu gifite ububiko bunini cyane bw'intwaro kirimbuzi, intwaro kirimbuzi nyinshi cyane, harimo n'irondo rihoraho rigamije kurwana ryo ku butaka, mu nyanja no mu kirere."

Ashimangira ko intwaro kirimbuzi z'Uburusiya zikora byuzuye kandi ko ziteguye urugamba.

Ati: "Umurimo wo kwita ku ntwaro kirimbuzi ukorwa mu buryo buhoraho, ntuhagarara na rimwe n'umunota umwe."

Nyuma gato yuko igitero gisesuye cy'Uburusiya kuri Ukraine gitangiye, Anton avuga ko yahawe icyo yita "itegeko ry'ubugizi bwa nabi" – guha amasomo abasirikare yari ayoboye, akoresheje amabwiriza asobanutse neza yanditse.

Aratangara ati: "Yaravugaga ngo abasivile b'Abanya-Ukraine ni abarwanyi ndetse bakwiye gushwanyaguzwa!"

"Uwo ni umurongo ntarengwa kuri jye – ni icyaha cyo mu ntambara. Naravuze ngo sinzakwirakwiza iri cengezamatwara [propaganda]."

Abasirikare bakuru bacyashye (bahannye) Anton bamwohereza mu mutwe w'ingabo (brigade) uhora ujya ku rugamba wo mu kindi gice cy'Uburusiya. Yabwiwe ko azoherezwa mu ntambara.

Iyi mitwe y'ingabo akenshi yoherezwa ku rugamba nk'"icyiciro cya mbere", ndetse abasirikare benshi batorotse igisirikare babwiye BBC ko "abanyakavuyo" badashyigikiye intambara bagiye bakoreshwa nk'abadafite akamaro bo gutegeza intambara ikabahitana kuko nta cyo bamaze.

Ambasade y'Uburusiya i London mu Bwongereza ntiyasubije ku busabe bwo kugira icyo ivuga ku biri muri iyi nkuru.

Mbere yuko ashobora koherezwa ku murongo w'imbere wo ku rugamba, Anton yashyize umukono ku itangazo yanga kujya mu ntambara ndetse ashyirirwaho dosiye yo mu rwego nshinjabyaha. Yatweretse inyandiko zemeza iyoherezwa rye mu mutwe njya rugamba, n'amakuru ajyanye n'iyo dosiye.

Nuko afata icyemezo cyo guhunga igihugu abifashijwemo n'umuryango w'abakorerabushake ufasha abatoroka igisirikare.

Yagize ati: "Iyo nza guhunga mva mu kigo cy'ingabo zirwanisha intwaro kirimbuzi, ishami ryaho ry'urwego rwa FSB ryari kumfatira ingamba zikaze ndetse birashoboka ko ntari kuba narashoboye kuva mu gihugu."

Ariko yemeza ko kubera ko yari yaroherejwe mu mutwe usanzwe ujya ku rugamba, uburyo bw'umutekano bwo gutanga uruhushya rwo ku rwego rwo hejuru butakoze.

Anton yavuze ko ashaka ko isi imenya ko abasirikare benshi b'Uburusiya badashyigikiye iyi ntambara.

Umuryango w'abakorerabushake ufasha abasirikare batoroka, witwa 'Idite Lesom' (bivuze ngo 'Nyura mu ishyamba' cyangwa 'Bura', ugenekereje mu Kinyarwanda), wabwiye BBC ko umubare w'abasirikare batoroka bashaka ubufasha wiyongereye ugera ku basirikare 350 buri kwezi.

Ibyago kuri abo bahunga na byo birimo kwiyongera. Nibura umusirikare umwe watorotse yarishwe nyuma yo guhungira hanze, ndetse habayeho ingero nyinshi z'abasirikare basubijwe mu Burusiya ku ngufu bakaburanishwa.

Nubwo Anton yavuye mu Burusiya, avuga ko inzego z'ubutasi zikirimo kumushakisha aho.

Agira ati: "Mfata ingamba zo kwirinda hano, nkora mu buryo butagaragaza umwirondoro ndetse singaragara muri 'system' [mu buryo bw'ikoranabuhanga] n'imwe ya leta."

Avuga ko yaretse kuvugana n'inshuti ze zo kuri icyo kigo cy'intwaro kirimbuzi kuko ashobora kuzishyira mu byago.

Agira ati: "Bagomba gukora amasuzuma atahura niba batabeshya, ndetse gushyikirana nanjye uko ari ko kose gushobora gutuma bashyirirwaho dosiye nshinjabyaha."

Ariko arabizi neza ibyago arimo na we ubwe, bitewe no gufasha abandi basirikare guhunga.

"Ndabyumva ko uko ndushaho kubikora, ni ko ibyago byiyongera cyane ko bashobora kugerageza bakanyica."