Uriko ubona ku rubuga aherekana amakuru mu nyandiko gusa, hakoresha uburyo buke. Ja ku rubuga nyamukuru ubone amakuru mu nyandiko iherekejwe n'amasanamu.
Njana ku rubuga nyamukuru canke aho gusoma gusa
Ibindi vyerekeye ingene urwo rubuga rugutwara uburyo (ama mega) buke
Abajabuka mu Bwongereza kurondera ubuhungiro bava he?
Igitigiri c'abantu bamaze kujabuka Manche uyu mwaka mu bwato buto buto baja kurondera ubuhungiro mu Bwongereza gushika ubu nico ca mbere kinini.
Ubwongereza bwashitse ku mwumvikano n'Ubufaransa wo kugerageza kugabanya ico gitigiri.
Abajabuka Manche baja kurondera ubuhingiro bangana gute?
Abantu barenga 40.000 baramaze kujabuka Manche (English Channel) mu bwato buto buto mu 2022.
Nico gitigiri ca mbere kinini kuva ivyo biharuro bitanguye kuja biregerenywa mu 2018. Mu 2021, abajabutse hamwe bose bari 28.526, mu 2020 naho bari 8.404.
Abantu bajabuka Manche (baja mu Bwongereza) mu bwato
Kenshi hafi abantu bose bashika barasaba ubuhungiro. Gushika ubu muri uyu mwaka, 93% y'abashitse barasavye ko bokingirwa na reta.
Mu kiringo c'umwaka gushika mu kwezi kwa Ruheshi (kwa gatandatu), Ubwongereza bwakiriye ama dosiye 60.000 y'abarondera ubuhungiro. Abaza mu bwato buto buto bangana hafi na 50 kw'ijana y'abo.
Ku bantu 6.910 bashitse mu bwato buto buto mu 2018, 49% bararonse ubuhungiro canke urundi rushusha rwo kuba muri ico gihugu. Abandi barankiwe.
Abarondera ubuhungiro ni bande, bava he?
Mu mezi atandatu ya mbere ya 2022, abarenga ica kabiri bava mu bihugu bitatu:
- 18% bavuye muri Albania
- 18% bava muri Afganistan
- 15% bava muri Iran
Igitigiri c'abanya-Albania bajabuka cariyongeye cane, kuva kuri 50 mu 2020 gushika ku 12.000 gushika uyu mwaka. Reta ivuga ko 42% y'abajabutse
hagati y'ukwezi kwa Rusama (kwa gatanu) n'ukwezi kwa Nyakanga (kw'icenda 2022) bava muri Albania.
Abajabutse n'ubwato buto buto kuva mu kwezi kwa mbere gushika mu kwa gatandatu 2022 n'ibihugu baje bavamwo.
Mu 2021, 75% y'abashitse bose baje mu bwato buto buto bari abagabo bafise hagati y'imyaka 18 na 39 - 5% mu bashika bakaba bari abagabo bafise imyaka 40 n'iyirenga.
Indwi kw'ijana bari abagore , 12 % nabo bari abana bafise munsi y'imyaka 18 (muri abo batatu kuri bane bari abahungu).
Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa vyumvikanye iki?
Bitegekanya kugerageze gutuma kujabuka "bidashoboka".
Umwumvikano w'ubu vuba usigura:
- Ko igitigiri c'abajejwe gukizura inkengera y'Uburufaransa kizokwongerekana kuva ku 200 gushika ku 300
- Ko abapolisi bw'Ubwongereza bazoba bari mu vyumba vy'ahasuzumirwa abashitse mu Bufaransa no ku micamo
- Kwongereza ikoreshwa ry'ama drone (indege zitagira abadereva) n'ibikoresho vyo kubona mw'ijoro
- Kwongereza uburyo bw'ibigo vyo kwakira abashika no kubajana ahandi
Amafaranga Ubwongereza buha Ubufaransa kugira bukore ivyo vyose azokwongerekana ave ku miroyoni 55 z'ama pound (£: ifaranga ry'Ubwongereza) mu mwaka uheze ashike ku miriyoni 65 z'ama pound uyu mwaka.
Umugambi wo mu Rwanda ni nyabaki?
Reta y'Ubwongereza itegekanya kandi kurungika mu Rwanda bamwe mu bajabuka mu Bwongereza kugira dosiye zabo zije kwigirwa mu Rwanda.
Reta y'Ubwongereza ivuga ko ivyo bizoca intege abantu bashika mu Bwongereza baciye mu co yita "uburyo buteye kubiri n'amategeko, bubangamye kandi butari ngombwa."
Ariko ibitigiri vy'abajabuka Manche vyagumye biduga kuva uwo mugambi umenyeshejwe.
Uwo mugambi wariyamirijwe cane n'amashirahamwe y'abagiraneza n'abaharanira ubnurengenzira, baciye bashingisha imanza zo kuwurwanya biciye mu mategeko. Uwo mugambi ubu warahagaritswe gushika sentare zifashe ingingo.
Ni ayahe mayira "meza kandi ahuye n'amategeko " ku barondera ubuhungiro?
Ubwongereza gushika ubu bufise inzira icenda nziza kandi zihuye n'amategeko abarondera ubuhungiro bashobora gucamwo. Zitanu muri izo nzira zerekeye ibihugu runaka, zerekeye abava muri Afghanistan, Hong Kong na Ukraine. Izindi zine zugururiwe impunzi aho ziba zivuye hose kw'isi:
- UK Ressetlement Scheme (indiganizo y'ingene umuntu yimurirwa mu Bwongereza) - yuguruwe mu 2021 kandi ishira imbere abo mu ntara zirimwo intambara. Yategekanya kwimura abantu 5.000 mu mwaka wayo wa mbere ariko yahavuye yimura impunzi 1.125
- Community Sponsorship Scheme - yuguruwe mu 2016 ku bantu bemera kwakira no gufasha impunzi. Mu 2021 abantu 144 baraciye muri iyo nzira
- Refugee Family Reunion - yuguruwe mu 2011 ku bantu bubakanye n'abana bari munsi y'imyaka 18 y'ababa bamaze kwemerwa gukingira n'Ubwongereza. Mu 2021, visa 6.134 zaratanzwe biciye muri iyo nzira
- Mandate Resettlement Scheme - yuguruwe mu 1995 yo kwimura impunzi ziba zifise umuntu wo mu muryango mu Bwongereza ashobora kwemera kuzakira. Iyo nzira imaze gucamwo abantu 430 kuva mu 2004 ariko mu 2021 ntibarenze babiri.
Izo nzira n'indinganizo zo kwimuka ziha impunzi uburenganizra bw'imigwi y'intege nke. Abo muri iyo migwi ntibasabwa uburenganzira bw'uhuhunzi ariko bashirwa mu bokwimurwa n'ishirahamwe rya ONU riraba impunzi HCR.
Ishirahawe Refugee Council [ryo mu Bwongereza] rivuga ko "ku mpunzi nyinshi, nta nzira nziza yo gusaba ubuhungiro mu Bwongereza". Rivuga ko abantu batagira amahirwe biciye nuri izo ndinganizo za reta ata kindi baba basigaranye atari ukwinjira mu Bwongereza mu nzira zitemewe n'amategeko, kuko badashobora gusaba kujayo bakiri mu bihugu vyo hanze.
Bigenda gute iyo abantu bashitse mu Bwongereza?
benshi mu bantu baza n'ubwato barasaba unuhungiro iyo bashitse mu Bwongereza.
Umuntu asaba ubuhungiro ni umuntu yasavye uburengenzira bwo kurondera kuba no gukingirwa mu kindi gihugu. Abasaba ubuhungiro barabanza bakumvirizwa hanyuma - ivyo basavye vyemewe - bashobora guca basaba kuguma mu Bwongereza.
Ariko impinduka z'ubu vuba mu mategeko yerekeye abinjira avuga ko gusaba ubuhungiro bishobora kwankwa iyo uwubisaba hari ikindi gihugu yabanje gucamwo. Aho harimwo kubanza guca mu Bufaransa imbere yo gushika mu Bwongereza.
Ubushikiranganji bw'intwaro yo mu gihugu buvuga ko abantu bategerezwa guhabwa inyishu mu kiringo c'amezi atandatu ariko ibiharuro muri rusangi vyerekana ko 70% ataco baba barabwirwa muri ico kiringo.
Imbere y'abashingamateka avuga ku vyerekeye abajabuka Manche muri Gitugutu, umutegetsi wo mu bushikiranganji bw'intwaro yo hagati Abi Tierney yavuze ko 96% y'ama dosiye y'abasaba ubuhungiro kuva mu 2021 n'ubu akiriko arigwa.
Mu kiringo co gusaba, benshi bacumbikirwa mu mahoteri kubera uburaro buba bwabaye buke. Bamwe mu basaba ubuhungiro hari igihe baguma bapfungiwe mu bigo vy'igisata kijejwe abinjira. Kenshi ntibashobora kwemererwa gukora akazi muri ico gihe dosiye yabo ikiba iriko irigwa.
Iyo dosiye yabo yemewe, baca bemererwa kuguma mu Bwongereza. Yanswe naho, bashobora guca basubizwa mu gihugu baje bavamwo, n'ubwo bashobora kwungururiza (kujuririra) iyo ngingo.
