Menya ivy'aba bagabo ba nyuma bashitse ku kwezi mu butumwa Apollo bwa NASA

Ni bo batanguje ubushakashatsi mu kirere - abahinga 24 mu vy'ikirere b'ikigo kijejwe ikirere ca Amerika, NASA, bagiye ku kwezi mu butumwa bwa Apollo mu myaka ya 1960 na 1970.

Urupfu rw'uwari arongoye Apollo 13, Jim Lovell yapfuye ku wa kane w'iyi ndwi, uno akaba yarongoye uru rugendo rwari rugoye ariko akarangiza neza ubu butumwa mu 1970, rusigura ko ubu hasigaye abantu batanu gusa bashoboye kuva mu kirere c'isi gitekanye bakita mu kirere c'ukwezi.

Inyuma y'imyaka irenga 50 kuva kiremwamuntu wa nyuma ahonyoje ikirenge ku kwezi, ihiganwa ryo gusubirayo ryasubiye gushuha.

Nasa yizeye ko umugambi wayo wa Artemis uzoshobora gushikana abahinga mu vy'ikirere ku kwezi muri iyi myaka cumi. Ariko Ubushinwa na bwo nyene buvuga ko busfise intego yo gushikana abahinga babwo ku kwezi gushika mu 2030, inyuma y'uko burungikiye ikigendajuru maneko ku ruhande rwo hirya rw'ukwezi muri Ruheshi (6) 2024.

Amakompanyi y'abigenga amaze igihe agerageza kurungika ibigendajuru mu kwezi, nubwo ivyagiye nabi bisumba kure cane ivyagenze neza.

Nasa yashatse kurungika Artemis 2 mu mwaka uheze, ubutumwa bwari kuba ari bwo bwa mbere bwo ku kwezi burimwo abantu inyuma y'ubwa Apollo 17 mu 1972, ariko yahavuye yungururiza mu 2026, ikavuga ko ikeneye umwanya ukwiye wo kwitegura.

Hagati aho, amakompanyi nka SpaceX na Boeing abandanya ateza imbere ubuhinga bwayo, nubwo inzitizi zitabuze.

Ingorane ikigendajuru Starliner ca Boeing giheruka kugira kigata abahinga baco babiri mu vy'ikirere ku kigo mpuzamakungu c'ikirere (Station spatiale internationale/International Space Station) yasize agatosi kuri iyi kompanyi, mu gihe ivyo guturika kw'ibigendajuru Starship vya SpaceX, vyabaye nk'umugenzo ku bakurikiranira hagufi ivy'ikirere.

Izi nzitizi zidindiza ibikorwa vyerekana ukuri kubabaje: igitigiri c'abahinga mu vy'ikirere ba Apollo kiriko kiragabanuka.

Ari kumwe na Frank Borman hamwe na Bill Anders, Jim Lovell yaranditse izina igihe aba batatu baja mu butumwa bwa mbere ku kwezi mu kigendajuru Apollo 8, uru rukaba rwabashoboje gutegura urwa Apollo 11.

Ikigendajuru cabo cazungurutse ukwezi incuro cumi imbere yo gusubira kw'isi. Vyari vyitezwe ko Lovell aba umuntu agira gatanu yari kugendagenda ku kwezi arongoye ubutumwa bwa Apollo 13 – ariko ivyo ntivyabaye bigishoboka.

Ahubwo, inkuru y'ukungene yahatswe gupfa yakinywe muri filime yiswe Apollo 13, aho umukinyi Tom Hanks yafashe izina rya Lovell.

Apollo 13 yagize isanganya rikomeye, aho akagunguru k'impwemu za oxygen katuritse, bica biba ngomwa ko Nasa ihagarika ivyo gushika ku kwezi.

Igihe yakukuruka muri Nasa mu 1973, Lovell yakoze mu ruganda rw'itumatumanako. Marilyn, umugore wiwe w'imyaka irenga 60, yavuzwe cane mu binyamakuru igihe iri sanganya rikomeye ryaba, yapfuye mu 2023.

None ivy'aba bagabo batanu basigaye bashitse ku kwezi bimeze gute?

Ni ba nde, babayeho gute?

Buzz Aldrin (Apollo 11)

Ku wa 21 Mukakaro (7) 1969, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin yahoze ari umudereva w'indege y'intambara yavuye mu kigendajuru ciwe cari camushikanye ku kwezi aba umuntu wa kabiri ahonyoje ikirenge ku kwezi. Iminota 20 imbere y'aho, uwari arongoye uru rugendo, Neil Armstrong, ni we yari yabaye uwa mbere.

Amajambo ya mbere ya Aldrin yabaye: "Oh, ingene ari heza".

"Iki si ikintu kidasanzwe"? niko Armstrong yabajije. "Ni ibintu biryoshe koko".

"Ahantu heza cane ata na kimwe kihari", niko Aldrin yishuye.

Kubona yabaye uwugira kabiri ahonyoye ku kwezi cabaye ikintu kitamuguye neza. Mugenzi we bari kumwe Michael Collins yavuze ko Aldrin 'intuntu yagize yo kutaba uwa mbere guhonyoza ikirenge ku kwezi yasumvye kure umunezero yagize wo kuba uwa kabiri".

Ariko Aldrin yari acishimiye intambwe yagezeko; inyuma y'imyaka itari mike, igihe yahangana n'umugabo yavuga ko Apollo 11 cari ikinyoma categuwe, uno mugabo Aldrin w'imyaka 72 yamuhaye urushi rwo kw'itama.

Ku rupfu rwa Neil Armstrong mu 2012, Aldrin yagize ati: "Ndazi ko amamiriyoni n'amamiriyoni y'abantu kw'isi yose bifatanije nanje mu kugandarira iyi ntwari nyayo ya Amerika akaba n'umudereva wa mbere mwiza nashoboye kubona".

Nubwo yagiye ahangana n'ibibazo mu buzima bwakurikiye, ntiyigeze atakaza inyota yo kumenya vyinshi, mbere akaba yarifatanije n'abandi mu ngendo zo ku busongero bw'isi (poles/poles) mu buraruko no mu bumanuko, aha hanyuma akaba yagiyeyo afise imyaka 86.

Mu gihe yishimiye ubwamamare bwiwe, abandanya gushigikira imigambi y'ubushakashatsi bw'ikirere, cane cane ubushakashatsi ku mubumbe wa Mars.

Ati: "Sinibaza ko twogenda hariya hanyuma ngo tugaruke – ibi twarabikoze na Apollo".

"Izina ryiwe ryamenyekanye mu runganwe rushasha nk'uwabaye inkomoko y'izina rya Buzz Lightyear yo mu rukurikirane rw'amafilimi rwiswe Toy Story. Muri Nzero 2023, ku myaka 93, yararongoye ku ncuro ya kane.

Charles Duke (Apollo 16)

Haracari abantu bane bakiri bazima bashoboye kugendagenda ku kwezi - Charlie Duke ni umwe muri bo. Yashitse kuri iyi ntambwe ku myaka 36, maze aba umuntu wa mbere akiri muto yari ahonyoje ikirenge ku kwezi.

Mu kiganiro yagiranye na BBC mu nyuma, yavuze ingene ari "ahantu hateye igomwe".

"Ubwiza bwaho... ubudasa bukomeye hagati y'umwiza w'ikirere n'ihuriro ry'ukwezi n'ikirere... sinzopfa ndavyibagiye. Vyari ibintu bitangaje cane".

Ariko yaragize urundi ruhara rudasanzwe mu bikorwa vya Nasa vyo kwiga Ukwezi.

Inyuma y'uko Apollo 11 ishikiye ku kwezi mu 1969, Duke – ico gihe yari we ajejwe guhanahana amakuru n'abari muri ico kigendajuru - yari arindiranye ubwoba ku rundi ruhande igihe Neil Armstrong yavuga ati: "Houston, ni Tranquility Base hano. Eagle [Inkona] yashitse".

Mu mvugo yiwe yisangije y'abo mu bumanuko, Duke yishuye ati: "Ubutumwa bwashitse, Tranquility. Turakumva aho turi hasi, hari abantu benshi bari hafi yo guturika, ubu turagaruye impwemu".

"Vy'ukuri, umutima warahatswe kumvamwo mu minota ya nyuma", niko yabwiye BBC mu nyuma.

Mu 2022, Duke yabwiye BBC ko yishimiye ubutumwa Artemis bwa Nasa – ariko akaba yagabishije ko butazoba bworoshe kuri uru runganwe rushasha rw'abahinga mu vy'ikirere.

Charlie Duke ubu aba hanze y'igisagara ca San Antonio mu ntara ya Texas, ari kumwe na Dorothy bamaranye imyaka 60 bubakanye.

Fred Haise

Fred Haise yari mu bari mu butumwa bwa Apollo 13 habuze gato ngo batikire mu 1970 inyuma y'igiturika cabaye ku kigendajuru cabo, catumye biba ngombwa ko ubutumwa bwabo buhagarikwa mu gihe iki kigendajuru cari ku birometero 312.000 uvuye kw'isi.

Isi yose yaratekewe n'umwikomo yihweza ingene Nasa yariko igerageza kugarukana iki kigendajuru cononekaye n'abari muri co kw'isi. Bamaze gushika, Haise n'abo bari kumwe James Lovell na Jack Swigert baramamaye cane, ku buryo vyabatangaje.

"Numva umengo hari ikintu nari mbuze igihe nari hejuru mu kirere", niko yabwiye Johnny Carson, igihe abari muri uru rugendo batumirwa mu kiganiro The Tonight Show.

Haise ntiyigeze asubira ku kwezi. Nubwo vyari bitegekanijwe ko ari we yari kurongora ubutumwa bwa Apollo 19, ubu bwahavuye buhagarikwa kubera igabanuka ry'amafaranga, co kimwe n'izindi ngendo zose inyuma ya Apollo 17.

Mu nyuma yahavuye aba umudereva wo kugendesha ibigendajuru biri mw'igerageza, bizwi nka Enterprise.

Nk'uko vyagenze kuri bagenziwe bakoze mu butumwa bwa Apollo, inyuma yo kuva muri Nasa, Haise yabandanije akora mu gisata c'ingendo zo mu kirere gushika akukuruke.

Harrison Schmitt (Apollo 17)

Itandukaniro riri hagati ya Schmitt n'abandi bahinga benshi mu vy'ikirere ico gihe, ni uko atigeze aba umudereva w'indege mu ngabo za Amerika.

Nk'umuhinga mu vy'ubutaka (geologist) n'ukwigisha, yatanguye yigisha abahinga mu vy'ikirere ba Nasa ivyo bakwiye kurondera mu ngendo zabo zo ku kwezi imbere y'uko we ubwiwe aba umuhinga mu vy'ikirere mu 1965.

Schmitt ari mu bari mu butumwa bwa nyuma bwarimwo abantu bwagiye ku kwezi, Apollo 17, ari kumwe kandi na Eugene Cernan yari arongoye ubwo butumwa kandi akaba yari muri babiri ba nyuma bahonyoje ikirenge ku kwezi, muri Kigarama (12) 1972.

Amaze kuva muri Nasa mu 1975, yatowe mu nama nkenguzamateka ya Amerika mu gisagara ciwe ca New Mexico, ariko akaba yakoze ikiringo kimwe gusa. Kuva ico gihe yakoze nk'umuhinga mu nganda zitandukanye ariko akaba yarabandanije mu bijanye n'ukwigisha.

Azwi kandi ko arwanya ibivugwa n'abahinga ku bijanye n'ihindagurika ry'ikirere.

David Scott (Apollo 15)

David Scott yari arongoye ubutumwa bwa Apollo 15, ni umwe mu bantu bane gusa bakiri bazima bahonyoje ikirenge ku kwezi kandi nk'umwe mu bakugendesherejeko.

Mu 1971, Scott na mugenziwe James Irwin baragerageje ingendeshwa izwi nka Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV) yataziriwe "Amapine ya mbere y'umuntu ku kwezi". Ku muvuduko w'ibirometero 12 kw'isaha , LRV yatumye aba bahinga bashika kure ku kwezi gusumba aho bari gushika iyo bakagenda n'amaguru.

Yibuka ati: "Ku butumwa bwa mbere ntushobora kumenya nimba bizokunda. Ikintu ca mbere caturyoheye cabaye ukuyisohora, kuyatsa, kandi vyagenze neza".

Bamaze kuva ku kwezi, Scott yaranguye amabanga atandukanye y'uburongozi muri Nasa, imbere y'uko yinjira mu gisata c'abikorera utwabo.

Yarakoze kandi nk'umuhinga mu gutegura amafilime n'ibiganiro vy'imboneshakure bitari bike, harimwo Apollo 13 hamwe n'urukurikirane rw'amafilime From The Earth To The Moon (twogereranya na Kuva kw'Isi Gushika ku Kwezi).

None abari imbere barondera gushika ku kwezi bazoshika kuki?