Ihindagurika ry’ibihe: Ibiti birageramiwe n’imiriro kw’isi ku rugero ruteye ubwoba

Ahantu hangana n’ibibuga vy’umupira w’amaguru 16 vy’ibiti buri munota haraturiwe n’imiriro yaduka mu mashamba mu 2021, nk’uko biri mu cegeranyo gishasha.

Amakuru y’ikigo Global Forest Watch yerekana ko kw’isi nzima, urugero rw’ibiti vyaturiwe rusa n’urwigwije hafi na kabiri mu myaka 20 iheze. 

Ihindagurika ry’ibihe riri mu bituma bikuru kuko rituma ubushuhe bwongerekana hamwe n’ukwuma kurusha.

Kuri hegitari miriyoni 9 z’ibiti zacitse umunyota, izirenga 5 n’izo mu Burusiya.

Ayo makuru mashasha arafasha abashakashatsi gutadukanya ibiti bitwarwa n’imiriro, n’ibindi bitemwa kubera uburimyi, imbaho canke kubera imiriro y’ibigirnkana.

Mu 2021, umwaka wa kabiri mubi ku miriro muri kahise k’isi, ahantu hangana na Portugal (canke Uburundi incuro hafi 4) haracitse umunyota.

”Biteye ubwoba”, nk’uko bivugwa na James MacGarthy, umuhinga akorana na Global Forest Watch.

”Ni hafi incuro zibiri uko hangana mu myaka 20 iheze. Bisa n’ibitangaje ingene imiriro yiyongeye cane mu kiringo kigufi nk’ico.”

 Ingaruka z’ibitakara kubera imiriro zirigaragaza na cane cane mu mashamba y’ibihugu bigana cane mu buraruko (mu majaruguru) y’isi nka Canada n’Uburusiya.

 N’ubwo umuriro uri wamye ujana n’ingene ayo mashamba yabayeho, urugero rw’ingene yadutsemwo imiriro mu Burusiya mu 2021 ntirwari bwigere rushikirwa.

 Kuri hegitari miriyoni 9,3 zatwawe n’imiriro kw’isi, Uburusiya bwonyene bwatakaje izirenga ica kabiri cazo.

James MacCarthy avuga ati: ”Igiteye impungenge nyinshi cane n’uko imiriro isigaye yaduka kenshi gusumba, ikaze gusumba kandi ifise ubushobozi bwo kwugururira umwuka wa carbone wari usanzwe ubitswe n’ubutaka ivyo biti vyariko”.

Ibiti n’ubutaka birabika umwuka wa carbone – umwe mu myuka ya mbere mu gutuma ikirere gishuha – ari nayo mpamvu abahinga bavuga ko ubutaka n’ibiti ari kirumara mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.

Ihindagurika ry’ibihe riboneka nk’irifise uruhara nyamukuru mu bitera iyo miriro , kuko aho ubushuhhe bwiyongera butuma kwuma gutyo ibintu vyinshi bigasha.

 Ibice vyo mu buraruko bw’isi biriko birashuha vyihuta kurusha ahandi, bigatuma ibihe vy’imiriro biba birebire gusumba.

 Mu Burusiya, 31% y’ukwiyongera kw’ibihitanwa n’imiriro mu 2021 kwatumwe n’imipfunda y’ubushuhe yamaze igihe kirekire abahinga bavuga ko itari kuba ata ruhara rw’umuntu rugiyemwo.

 Dr Doug Morton wo muri Nasa avuga ko “ihindagurika ry’ibihe ryongereza ivyago vy’imiriro ikaze, irandagata kandi ikwiye ahantu hanini gusumba”.

 Mu bindi bice vy’isi , ingaruka y’ihona ry’amashamba naho ririko riratera ukwiyongera kw’imiriro nko mw’ishamba rya Amazone muri Bresil.

James MacCarthy avuga ati: ”Guhonya amashamba bituma habura urume rwafasha kugira ubushuhe bugume hasi kandi hagume akabombera.

“Gutema ayo mashamba rero bituma ashuha kandi akuma gusumba, gutyo akagira ivyago vyinshi gusumba vyo kwadukamwo”, ku bwa James MacCarthy.

 Mu gihe ibiti vyaturiwe mu nyuma bisubira bigakura mu kiringo c’imyaka 100, hari izindi ngaruka zikomeye zijana n’ivyo bitakara, ku mazi bwiza bw’amazi canke ku nkukura.

 ONU ivuga ko iravye imbere ku bijanye n’imiriro y’amashamba hadahumuriza cane. Hitezwe ko imiriro ikaze cane izokwiyongera gushika ku 50% gushika mu mpera z’iki kinjana.

Kugira ico kibazo kironke inyishu, abahinga bavuga ko kugabanya vyihuta gusuka imyuka ya carbone mu kirere ari co gikorwa gikenewe cane.

Abategetsi b’isi mu nama yabo ya COP26 i Glasgow mu mwaka uheze biyemeje guhagarika guhonya amashamba, ariko ivyo biyemeje bikeneye kuba ingiro kugira hagire igihinduka.

Haracakenewe gushimikira ku kubuza ko haduka imiriro kurusha kuyizimya yamaze kwaduka, nk’uko MacCarthy abivuga.

 Avuga ko “Hafi 50% y’amafaranga y’ibihugu yo kurwanya imiriro agenewe kuyizimya mu gihe ayangana na 1% ariyo yonyene agenewe kwitegura no gutegekanya.”