Abasirikare b'Uburusiya babwiye BBC ko babonye bagenzi babo bicwa ku mategeko y'ababakuriye

Kuburira: Iyi nkuru irimo amakuru arambuye ku rugomo rukabije no gukomoza ku kwiyahura.

Abasirikare bane b'Uburusiya bashyize ahabona ubwoba n'ubugome bujyanye n'ukuntu ibintu bimeze ku ruhande rwabo rwo ku mirongo y'imbere ku rugamba muri Ukraine, babiri muri bo babwira BBC ko babonye abasirikare bicwa ako kanya kubera kwanga gukurikiza amategeko bahawe.

Umusirikare umwe yabwiye itsinda rikora inkuru mbarankuru (documentary) ko yabonye umusirikare yicwa ku itegeko rya komanda we, waje kugirwa "Intwari y'Uburusiya" mu mwaka wa 2024.

Yagize ati: "Ndabibona - metero ebyiri, metero eshatu [uvuye aho nari ndi]... gukanda, gukanda, paaa!"

Undi musirikare, wo mu wundi mutwe w'ingabo, avuga ko yabonye komanda we arasa abasirikare bane we ubwe.

Mu kuvuga ku by'abo basirikare bishwe, yagize ati: "Nari mbazi."

"Ndibuka umwe muri bo aboroga ngo 'Wirasa, ndakora icyo ari cyo cyose!'"

Umwe muri bo anavuga ko yabonye imirambo 20 y'abasirikare bagenzi be irambaraye mu mwobo nyuma yo "kurangizwa" na bagenzi babo. Imvugo "kurangiza" iziranyweho mu ngabo z'Uburusiya, ikaba isobanura kwica bagenzi bawe.

Muri iyo nkuru mbarankuru, yitwa 'The Zero Line: Inside Russia's War', abasirikare bavuga mu buryo burambuye ukuntu bakorewe iyicarubozo kubera kwanga kujya mu bitero bavuga ko bisa nk'ubwiyahuzi. Ingabo z'Uburusiya zita ibi bitero "ububazi", aho ibivunge by'abasirikare boherezwa ku rugamba umusubirizo kugira ngo bagerageze kurusha imbaraga ingabo za Ukraine.

Ku nshuro ya mbere, ni ko BBC ibyemera, abasirikare b'Uburusiya bavuye ku mirongo y'imbere yo ku rugamba bavuze ku mugaragaro ko abakomanda batanze amategeko yo kwica abasirikare babo bayobora.

Umwe muri abo basirikare, wakoraga akazi ko kumenya no kubara imirambo y'abasirikare bapfuye, yatanze intonde zirambuye zigaragaza ko ari we wenyine warokotse mu itsinda ry'abasirikare 79 yakoranaga na bo.

Kubera ko yanze kujya ku murongo w'imbere wo ku rugamba, avuga ko yakorewe iyicarubozo ndetse akanyarwaho. Avuga ko abandi bo mu mutwe w'ingabo yari arimo banze kujyayo, batwikishijwe amashanyarazi, bicishwa inzara ndetse bahatirwa kwishora ku rugamba mu kivunge nta ntwaro bafite.

Abo basirikare bane, ubu barimo kwihishahisha, bavuze ku mahano babonye, bakaba babivugiye ahantu hatahishuwe hanze y'Uburusiya.

Hafi buri kwamagana kose kw'abaturage ku gitero Perezida w'Uburusiya Vladimir Putin yagabye kuri Ukraine, kwaraciwe mu Burusiya. Imibare ya leta y'abishwe hamwe n'abakomeretse ntitangazwa n'Uburusiya, ariko minisiteri y'ingabo y'Ubwongereza ivuga ko abasirikare miliyoni 1,2 b'Uburusiya bishwe cyangwa bakomeretse kuva iki gitero gisesuye kuri Ukraine gitangiye ku itariki ya 24 Gashyantare (2) mu mwaka wa 2022.

Leta y'Uburusiya ivuga ko ingabo zayo "zikorana kwigengesera kwo ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane, uko bishoboka kose mu bihe by'intambara ikomeye, zikita ku basirikare bazo ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane".

Leta y'Uburusiya yongeyeho iti: "Amakuru ajyanye n'ibivugwa ko byarenzweho hamwe n'ibyaha akorwaho iperereza rikwiye."

Yagize iti: "Ntibidushobokeye kugenzura ku giti cyacu ukuri cyangwa umwimerere w'amakuru mwatanze."

Amakuru arambuye y'ibyo aba basirikare bane biboneye anemeza (anashimangira) amakuru y'ukuntu amategeko yasenyutse n'ibintu bigata umurongo imbere ku mirongo y'urugamba y'Uburusiya.

Ilya, umusirikare watahuraga akanabara abapfuye, ni umwe mu basirikare uvuga ko yabonye bagenzi be bicwa n'abakomanda babo.

Mbere y'intambara, uyu w'imyaka 35 yigishaga abana bacyeneye ubufasha bwihariye banarwaye indwara yitwa 'autism' yibasira ubwonko. Yabigishirizaga mu mujyi wa Kungur, uri mu misozi miremire ya Ural, mu Burusiya.

Nuko mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi (5) mu mwaka wa 2024, abapolisi basesekara mu rugo rw'ababyeyi be, bamubwira ko yinjijwe mu gisirikare.

Avuga ko yinjijwe mu ngabo mu mutwe urimo abandi basirikare 78, yinjirizwa mu kigo cyo kwinjiza abantu mu gisirikare kiri mu mujyi wa Perm mu Burusiya.

Agira ati: "Hafi buri wese yari yasinze." Yibuka ko bateraga hejuru bagira bati: "Tujye ku rugamba! Tuzafata [Perezida wa Ukraine] Zelensky kandi tuzamure ibendera ryacu!"

"Nari ndimo kubareba ntekereza ngo 'Ni gute nisanze aha hantu?' Nari mfite ubwoba bwinshi cyane."

Akigera muri Ukraine, Ilya avuga ko benshi mu basirikare bahise boherezwa ku murongo w'imbere wo ku rugamba. Avuga ko atashakaga kurasa cyangwa ngo yice umuntu n'umwe, nuko birangira ashyizwe ahayoborerwa urugamba.

Avuga ko ibintu byari birimo ubugome bwinshi, ndetse ko yabonye abantu bane baraswa na komanda wabo abegereye - umwe i Panteleimonivka, naho abandi batatu i Novoazovsk, imijyi yombi yo mu karere kigaruriwe igice kinini n'Uburusiya ka Donetsk mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine - kubera ko bari barahunze urugamba ndetse bakanga gusubirayo.

Ilya agira ati: "Ikintu kibabaje cyane ni uko narimbazi. Ndibuka ko umwe muri bo yaborogaga ngo 'Wirasa, ndakora icyo ari cyo cyose!' ariko [komanda] ni ho ha handi yaramurangije."

Abo basirikare batubwiye ko kurangiza akenshi bikoreshwa nk'igihano ku kwanga gukurikiza amategeko, ndetse bikoreshwa nk'uburyo bwo gukanga abandi bashobora kuba batekereza kwanga amategeko na bo.

Ilya agira ati: "Uko bikugendekera byabaga biterwa na komanda wawe. Komanda ari ku cyombo: 'Rangiza uyu, rangiza uriya.'"

Kwica abasirikare banze gukurikiza amategeko ntabwo byabaga gusa mu mutwe w'ingabo Ilya yari arimo.

Dima agira ati: "Birumvikana bica abasirikare babo bwite, ni ikintu gisanzwe."

Mbere y'intambara, uyu w'imyaka 34 yabanaga n'umugore we n'umukobwa wabo ndetse yakoraga mu murwa mukuru Moscow, akora akazi ko gusana ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga byo koza ibikoresho byo ku meza.

Mu kwezi kw'Ukwakira (10) mu 2022, avuga ko hari hashize igihe gito nta kazi afite ariko arimo kugashaka cyane, nuko itsinda ry'abapolisi riramuhamagara.

Avuga mu Cyongereza, abyibuka agira ati: "Barebye urwandiko rw'inzira [pasiporo] rwanjye, bakora ikintu runaka kuri mudasobwa yabo igendanwa nuko barambwira ngo 'niba utagiye mu ngabo urajya muri kasho.'"

Dima avuga ko atashakaga kugira umuntu n'umwe yica, bityo rero nubwo atari yarigeze aba umuganga, yinjiye mu itsinda ry'abatanga ubuvuzi bwihuse bw'ibanze (paramedics). Nyuma yaho, yimuriwe mu mutwe w'ingabo (brigade) aho yagombaga guhungisha abasirikare bakomeretse akabakura ku murongo w'imbere wo ku rugamba.

Aho, muri 'brigade' ya 25, ni ho Dima avuga ko yaboneye abasirikare bagenzi be bicwa hakurikijwe itegeko ryatanzwe na komanda we.

Ati: "Ndabibona - metero ebyiri, metero eshatu [uvuye aho nari ndi]... gukanda, gukanda, paaa! Si ikinamico, si filime, ni ibintu nyabyo."

Alexei Ksenofontov, wari komanda wa Dima, mu mwaka wa 2024 yahembwe umudari wa zahabu witwa 'Inyenyeri ya Zahabu', umudari wo ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane utangwa na leta, ndetse agirwa "Intwari y'Uburusiya".

Ariko Ksenofontov yamaganwe n'imiryango y'abasirikare bapfiriye mu mutwe w'ingabo we. Mu ibaruwa ihuriweho iyo miryango yatangaje muri Mutarama (1) mu 2025, iyo miryango yinginze Putin kugira ngo we ubwe asuzume ibirego by'ubugome ivuga ko byabaye mu mutwe w'ingabo we.

Iyo baruwa igira iti: "Barwaniriye igihugu cyacu cyatubwaye n'icyubahiro n'ishema!!! Ariko mu by'ukuri, bisanze mu gico cy'aba bakomanda, babonye ibihembo ku bw'ababarirwa mu bihumbi za mirongo bishe hamwe n'ababuriwe irengero!"

"Ndetse bakomeje gutsemba abagabo bacu! Kubera ko babona ko badahanwa!"

Dima yita Ksenofontov "umubazi" (kubaga).

"Atanga amategeko menshi cyane yo kwica abasirikare, [afite] amaraso menshi cyane ku biganza bye, menshi cyane."

Dima anavuga ukuntu yabonye imirambo 20 y'abasirikare, mu ijoro ryabanje bari bageze mu kigo yari arimo, irambaraye mu muferege yarashwe.

Avuga ko yavuganye na benshi muri bo, bose bahoze barahamwe n'ibyaha, mbere yuko abareba bajyanwa mu gitondo cyakurikiyeho.

Nk'umuganga, byari ibisanzwe ko Dima amenyeshwa abapfuye, ndetse avuga ko yamenyeshejwe ko abo basirikare bishwe barashwe na komanda kandi ko amakarita yabo ya banki yatwawe.

Abyibuka agira ati: "Twazaniwe abagabo makumyabiri. Babatwara amakarita ya banki nuko barabica."

"Ni ikibazo kuzimanganya umuntu. Ugira gutya ugahimba raporo [y'ukuntu byagenze]."

Dima avuga ko yabwiwe ko amakarita ya banki yatwawe n'abakomanda.

Inkuru mbarankuru ya BBC yanateze amatwi undi wahoze ari umusirikare - wo ku rwego rwo hejuru, uvuga ko yamaze imyaka 17 ari umusirikare mu ngabo z'Uburusiya. Uwo wahoze ari umusirikare mukuru, tutari butangaze izina, avuga ko yavuganye n'umugabo wafashije mu kwica itsinda ry'abasirikare bo ku rwego rwo hejuru.

Uwo mugabo yavuze ko yari umwe mu bagize "itsinda ryo gutsemba ryoherejwe kurangiza uwarokotse uwo ari we wese", nkuko uwo mugabo yabibwiye uwo wahoze ari umusirikare mukuru.

"Sinigeze na rimwe mbona ikintu na kimwe nk'iki mu myaka yose namaze mu kazi."

Abo basirikare bose uko ari bane batubwiye mu buryo bweruye ibijyanye n'ingamba zitinywa cyane zo gushorwa ku rugamba mu kivunge zicirwamo benshi, muri gahunda ngari y'amayeri y'urugamba y'ingabo z'Uburusiya mu ntambara yo muri Ukraine.

Ubwo buryo bwo kohereza abasirikare ku rugamba mu kivunge bwicirwamo benshi cyane, kuburyo bugereranywa n'ibitero by'ubwiyahuzi.

Denis, na we wahoze ari umusirikare, agira ati: "Narababonye [abakomanda] bohereza ikivunge bakongera bakohereza ikivunge, bajugunyira abasirikare Abanya-Ukraine nk'ubajugunyira inyama, kugira ngo [abasirikare ba Ukraine] bashiranwe n'amasasu na za 'drone' [indege nto z'intambara zitajyamo umupilote] bityo ikivunge kindi gishobore kugera ku ntego yacyo."

Minisiteri y'ingabo y'Ubwongereza ivuga ko buri munsi mu mwaka wa 2025, bigereranywa ko abasirikare b'Uburusiya bari hagati ya 900 na 1,500 bicirwaga cyangwa bagakomerekera muri Ukraine.

Dima asobanura ukuntu ibyo bitero byo mu kivunge bikorwa.

Ati: "Wohereza abagabo batatu, ubundi ukohereza abandi batatu. Ntibikunde, ukohereza 10. N'abo 10 ntibikunde, ukohereza 50."

"Amaherezo ukabigeraho. Iyo ni yo mitekerereze ya gisirikare.

"Twapfushije 200 mu minsi itatu. Mu kivunge cya mbere cyo mu mutwe w'ingabo wacu baratumennye, umutwe w'ingabo wacu washenywe mu minsi itatu gusa."

Nuko Dima yerekana videwo, yatangajwe ku mbuga nkoranyambaga mu kwezi kw'Ukwakira (10) mu 2023, igaragaza ba nyina hamwe n'abagore b'abasirikare biciwe mu mutwe w'ingabo yari arimo, barimo kwamagana impfu nyinshi cyane.

Umugore umwe yumvikana agira ati: "Abagabo bacu bategetswe kwigira imbere bafite gusa imbunda za 'machine guns' ['mitrailleuses'] hamwe n'ibitiyo." Undi mugore agira ati: "Harimo kubaho gupfusha guteye ubwoba cyane. Abagabo bacu barimo baricwa."

Abatishwe kubera kwanga kugabwa mu gitero mu kivunge, akenshi bahura n'ingaruka zikaze kandi zo kubatesha agaciro ka kimuntu, nkuko Ilya abivuga.

Yerekana videwo yo ku rubuga nkoranyambaga rwa Telegram igaragaza abasirikare bo mu mutwe w'ingabo we bari mu mujyi wa Panteleimonivka mu karere ka Donetsk, mu burasirazuba bwa Ukraine.

Umugabo umwe, mbere yo gukuraho igipfukisho akerekana abagabo batatu basutamye mu mwobo, agira ati: "Mureke tugaburire inyamaswa."

"Ese murashonje? Murashaka kugaburirwa?" Umugabo ubafata videwo ni ko ababaza, nuko umwe muri abo bagabo azamura umutwe arikiriza akoresheje umutwe, atega ibiganza bye ubwo intete [z'ibinyampeke] nke zumye zari zirimo zijugunywa muri uwo mwobo.

Uwo mugabo ufata videwo agira ati: "Murebe ukuntu irimo kurya", ubwo uwo mugabo uri mu mwobo yari arimo kurya intete.

Ilya avuga ko abasirikare bamwe bamaraga "iminsi bicishwa inzara" ndetse batwikishwa amashanyarazi, mbere yuko boherezwa ku rugamba mu kivunge nta ntwaro bafite.

Avuga ko we ubwe yakorewe iyicarubozo, nyuma yo kwanga kujya mu gitero nk'icyo cyo mu kivunge.

Agira ati: "Banziritse ku giti, bankubita inkoni inshuro nk'ebyiri nuko banshyira imbunda ku mutwe.

"Sinzi uko nabivuga, banyitumyeho. Komanda yabwiye buri wese ati 'Dufite umusarani mushya'. Namaze igice cy'umunsi nziritse."

Nyuma yuko azituwe, Ilya yagerageje kwiyahura.

Denis, uvuga ko rimwe yigeze gushyira abasirikare ibiryo n'amazi mu mwobo mu ibanga, yereka itsinda rikora inkuru mbarankuru videwo igaragaza ushinjwa gutoroka igisirikare arimo kunyarwaho, BBC ntiyashoboye kubigenzura mu buryo bwigenga.

Agira ati: "Ni ugusuzugura icyubahiro n'agaciro by'umuntu. Mu ngabo z'Uburusiya ibi byahindutse ibintu bisanzwe."

"Binyuranyije n'amategeko ariko nta muntu n'umwe ubihanirwa. Ahubwo, abantu banashishikarizwa kubikora."

Denis, w'imyaka 27, anagaragaza ifoto avuga ko yafotowe nyuma gato yuko amenyo ye abiri y'imbere akuwemo n'umwe mu bamukuriye, kuko yari yamubwiye ko adashaka kujya gushakisha 'drone' yari yaburiwe irengero.

Ati: "Biteye ubwoba cyane, nakomeje ubuzima nk'ibisanzwe nta kundi."

Amaherezo, Dima yaje kuzamurwa mu ntera, nubwo yari yaravuze ko atashakaga kuba umusirikare mukuru. Yerekana ifoto y'umuhango yazamuriwemo mu ntera.

Nyuma yo kuzamurwa mu ntera, avuga ko atoherezaga abasirikare be ku rugamba muri bwa buryo bwo mu kivunge.

Ati: "Nanze kubikora. Sinigaragazaga jyewe ubwanjye, ariko sinashoboraga kubaha iryo tegeko."

Dima avuga ko ibyo byaje kumuviramo gutabwa muri yombi na polisi yo mu gisirikare, nuko ajyanwa i Zaitsevo, gereza yo kwifashisha by'igihe gito iri mu gice cy'akarere ka Donetsk, muri Ukraine, cyigaruriwe n'Uburusiya.

Agira ati: "[Aho ngaho] Bankoreye iyicarubozo bakoresheje kuntwikisha amashanyarazi." Yongeraho ko imbaraga z'umuriro w'amashanyarazi bamutwikishije bwa mbere zatumye yiyitumaho.

Avuga ko yakorewe iyicarubozo buri munsi, mu gihe cy'iminsi 72.

Mu gusobanura abamukoreraga iyicarubozo, agira ati: "Iyicarubozo gusa, buri munsi nta mpuhwe. Nta marangamutima, birarenze."

Abo basirikare bose twaganiriye, ubu baba hanze y'Uburusiya, ariko bafite inkovu zo mu bitekerezo, zituruka ku mirongo y'imbere yo ku rugamba muri Ukraine.

Dima agira ati: "Ngira inzozi. Mbona ishyamba ryuzuyemo imirambo, abantu bamenaguwe bafite [basigaranye] mu maso, bafite iminwa yanduye y'umweru yuzuye amaraso. Impumuro... ntibihumura, bifite icyanga."

Agira ati: "Ndi umunyacyaha, kandi nta muntu ubyitayeho - icyaha cyanjye ni uko gusa ntashaka kwica."

"Mu ngabo z'Uburusiya, [hari] abasirikare benshi cyane badashaka iyi ntambara, banga abakomanda [babo], banga Putin, banga ubutegetsi bwacu, kandi bacyeneye [bashaka] kuturimbura."

Ilya avuga ko akunda igihugu cye, "ariko sinkunda ibyo Putin yagikoreye [uko yagihinduye]".

"Hariya bashobora kurimbura umuntu uwo ari we wese, batitaye ku kuba ukomeye cyangwa udakomeye.

"Habuze gato ngo bandimbure, ariko bitari burundu."