Ibibazo nyamukuru birindiriye ikoraniro ku kirere COP27 rizobera Egypt

Na Esme Stallard

BBC News ku bihe na Science

Abategetsi bitezwe kuvugana ku cokorwa mu guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, mw’ikoraniro kaminuza rizobera mu Misiri (Egypt).

Ribaye mu gihe uyu mwaka waranzwe n’ibiza vyinshi bijanye n’ihindagurika ry'ikirere n’ubushuhe bwarenze urugero rwari rumaze kugerwako gushika ubu.

Ikoraniro kaminuza rya ONU ku bidukikije ni iki?

Amakoraniro kaminuza ya ONU ku bihe aba buri mwaka, kugira ama reta yumvikane ku bikenewe gukorwa kugira ubushuhe bw’isi ntibubandanye kwiyongera.

Ayo makoraniro azwi nka COPs, bisigura ‘Conference of Parties’ [Inama z’Impande]. Izo mpande ni ibihugu vyitaba vyemeje amasezerano ya mbere ya ONU ku bihe mu 1992.

COP27 n’ikoraniro rya buri mwaka rigira 27 ku birere.

Rizobera i Sharm el-Sheikh kuva itariki 6 gushika 18 Munyonyo (11) .

Kuki amakoraniro ya COP akenewe?

Isi iguma ishuha kubera imyuka yisuka mu kirere ivuye ku bikorwa vy’abantu, na cane cane mu gucana canke guturira amasoko ntanganguvu yimbwa mu kuzimu nk’ibitoro, gaz canke ibizuku.

Ubushuhe bw’isi bwariyongeye ku rugero rwa 1,1C kandi bwimirije gushika kuri 1,5C, nk’uko bigereranywa n’umugwi mpuzabihugu wa ONU kw’ihindagurika ry’ikirere, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

Hamwe ubushuhe bwokwiyongerako 1,7C gushika kuri 1,8C hejuru y’urugero rwo mu myaka ya 1850, IPPC igereranya ko ica kabiri c’ababa kw’isi boba bafise ivyago vyo guhura n’ubushuhe n’imbirayungu vyobangamira ubuzima bwabo.

Mu ntumbero yo gukinga, ibihugu 194 vyarateye igikumu ku masezerano y’i Paris mu 2015, vyiyemeza "kubandaya utwigoro" two kugabanya ubushuhe kugira ngo ntiburenge kuri 1.5C.

Ni bande bazoba bari muri COP27?

Hatumiwe ama reta arenga 200.

Ariko bamwe mu barongoye ibihugu bitunze cane kw’isi harimwo nk’uw’Uburusiya Vladimir Putin ntibitezwe kuyitaba. Ariko intumwa z’ico gihugu ziracitezwe.

Ibindi bihugu, birimwo Ubushinwa, ntibiremeza ko abakuru bavyo bazokwitaba.

Misiri (Egypt) izokwakira iyo nama, yateye akamo ibihugu gushira ku ruhande ibibitandukanya hanyuma “bifate iya mbere”.

Amashirahamwe adaharanira inyungu mu kurwanira ibidukikije, amashirahamwe y’ikibano, ibigo vyo guhanahana ivyiyumviro, amashirahamwe z'abarwizatunga hamwe n’abarongoye amadini nabo bitezwe kuba bahari.

Kubera iki COP27 ibereye mu Misiri?

Ubu buzoba bubaye ubwa gatanu COP ibereye muri Afrika.

Ibihugu vyo kuri uno mugabane vyizeye ko izoba akaryo k’uko amakungu afata umwanya wo kubona ingaruka z’ihindagurika ry’ibihe muri Afrika. IPCC ivuga ko Afrika ariko karere kageramiwe cane kurusha ubundi kw’isi.

Ubu abantu bagereranywa muri miriyoni 17 bugarijwe n’inzara muri Afrika y’ubuseruko kubera uruzuba.

Ariko guhitamwo kugirira iryo koraniro mu Misiri ntivyahurijweko.

Abaharanira uburenganzira bwa zina muntu n’no gukingira ikirere bavuga ko reta ya Misiri yabankiye kwitaba iryo koraniro kuko baneguye uko agateka ka zina muntu kifashe muri ico gihugu.

Hazokwigwa ibiki muri COP27?

 Mu kwitegurira iyo nama, ibihugu vyari vyasabwe gushikiriza imigambi bitegekanya kurangura. Ariko gushika 25 vyonyene nivyo vyayishikirije – gushika ubu.

COP27 izoshimikira ku bintu bitatu:

Bimwe bimwe mi bitashoboye kwumvikanwako muri COP26 bizobandanirizwa aho vyari bigeze:

 Hazoba n’iminsi y’ibiganiro vyihariye no gushikiriza ibimenyeshejwe ku bibazo birimwo ibijanye n’ibitsina, uburimyi n’ibinyabuzima.

Hari ibibazo vyitezwe kuzovugwa cane kurusha ibindi?

Ikibazo c’amafaranga camye ari ingorabahizi mu biganiro kw’ihindagurika ry’ibihe.

Mu 2009, ibihugu biteye imbere vyiyemeje guha miriyaridi $100 buri mwaka, gushika mu 2020, ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajambere kugira bibifashe kugabanya imyuka vyongere vyitegurire guhangana n’ihindagurika ry’ikirere.

Iryo hangiro ntiryashitsweko none ryashizwe mu 2023.

Amafaranga yo guhangana n'ihindagurika ry'ibihe: Ayo ibihugu bitunze vyegeranije bigatanga

Ariko kandi ibuhugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajambere bisaba ko vyahabwa amafaranga “y’agahombo n’ivyononekaye” – ingaruka zibihanze ubu.

Ivyo guhabwa amafaranga vyaranswe mu biganiro kw’ihindagurika ry’ikirere i Bonn [mu Budagi], aho ibihugu bitunze kurusha ibindi vyatinye ko vyohava bihatirwa gutanga indishi ku kiringo c’imyaka myinshi.

Ishirahamwe rya Buraya ryemeye ko ibiganiro vyobandaniriza muri COP27.

Tuzomenya gute ko COP27 yagenze neza?

Bivana n’uwo muvuganye.

Ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajambere, n’imiburiburi, bizoba bishaka ko amafaranga y’inshumbusho ku gahombo n’ivyononekaye aja ku rutonde rw’ivyigwa. Bizorondera kandi ko hashingwa itariki y’igihe bizotangura guhabwa ayo mafaranga.

Ibihugu biteye imbere bizoba vyiteze ko ibihugu binini binini bikiri mu nzira y’amajambere vyiyemeza imigambi myinshi gusumba – nk’Ubushinwa, Ubuhindi, Brezil, Indonesia na Afrika y’Epfo – guheba gukoresha ibizuku, isoko ntanganguvu rya mbere ribi mu guhumanya ikirere.

Ariko, bamwe mu bahinga bavuga ko abategetsi b’isi bagiye barakwega ibirenge ku buryo icari co cose kizokwumvikanwako muri COP27, ihangiro rya 1,5C ritazoshikwako.