Igikombe c'isi 2022: Intambara itoroshe ya FIFA ku nzoga

Avuga ku ngingo yo kubuza kunywa inzoga ku bibuga biberamwo inkino z'igikombe c'isi, igihe yaratashe avuye kuraba urukino rw'umugwi wiwe, Jose, umufana wa Equateur yavuze ko "Birababaje".

Yagize ati:"Ndonse iyi ifise urugero rw'umwambiro rw'ubusa, ariko basi ndapfa kwumva icanga ry'inzoga."

Emilio yongeyeko ati:"100%. Hari abantu bashaka ibiyeri".

Ingingo yo ku munota wa nyuma yo kubuza kudandaza ibiyerimu bibuga vya Qatar yavuye ku rugamba rurerure yagwanye na Qatar ku vyerekeye inzoga.

Intambara ku batanga uburyo muri FIFA, imaze kuba mu myaka itari mike uko habaye inkino z'igikombe c'isi, vyatumye iryo shirahamwe ryagirizwa ubukoloni, ko rishira imbere amahera gusumba amagara y'abantu.

Politike ya FIFA yo kubuza inzoga

N'aho izo ngorane z'ubu za FIFA zitewe n'inzoga zijanye n'uko yariko iragerageza kugondoza ibihugu vyakiriye ihiganwa gutanga inzoga ku bibuga, iryo shirahamwe ry'umupira w'amaguru kw'isi ryahora ritegeka ko hadatangwa inzoga ku bibuga.

Gushika mu 2004, amategeko agenga ibirori bikomeye yari akivuga ko abakiriye amahiganwa badafise uruhusha rwo kudandaza inzoga ku bibuga ahariko harabera inkino, kandi ko umuntu wese aborewe yirukanwa ku kibuga.

Ariko ingingo y'urwo rwego rurongoye umupira w'amaguru kw'isi yo kwisubirako kuri iyo politike no guhimiriza kugira inzoga zigurishwe igihe hariko haraba inkino z'igikombe c'isi yararucanishijemwo n'ibihugu bizakira.

Brezil yaratanguje igurishwa ry'inzoga ku bibuga

Guha ububasha Brezil gutunganya inkino z'igikombe c'isi co mu 2014 vy'asa n'ingingo nziza.

Ico gihugu co mu bumanuko bwa Amerika, kizwi cane mu mupira w'amaguru, kimaze gutwara igikombe c'isi incuro zitanu kandi kandi hari umuco wo gukunda inzoga.

Ariko co kimwe no mu bindi bihugu, urukundo abafana bakunda uwo mukino rutuma barenza rimwe na rimwe mbere hakazamwo n'imishamirano.

Ni co gituma inzoga zabujijwe mu nkino z'umupira w'amaguru muri Brezil mu 2003, mu ntumbero yo kubaza imishamirano hagati y'imigwi itarabana ryiza.

Ariko Budweiser, basanzwe bakorana na FIFA haraciye igihe kirekire, ari na ryo shirahamwe ritanga uburyo muri iryo higanwa, ryarasaavye ata guca hirya no hino ko hahindurwa amategeko abuza kugurisha inzoga aho abarorerezi bicaye.

Uwari umunyamabanga w'ishirahamwe FIFA ico gihe, Jérôme Valcke yagize ati:"Inzoga ziri mw'ihiganwa ry'igikombe c'isi, n'ukuvuga rero ko tuzozinywa. Murantunga nimwaba mubona ko nsa n'uwuvugishije amanyama, ariko n'ikintu tutazoganirako."

Yongeyeko ati:"Kugira uburenganzira bwo kugurisha inzoga bitegerezwa kuja mu mategeko."

Umushikiranganji wa Brezil ajejwe amagara y'abantu yaranse iyo mpinduka. Marco Aurelio Garcia, umuhanuzi adasanzwe wa prezida w'ico gihugu, yavuze ko Valcke "atarezwe". "umukoloni" kandi "apfa kuvuga atiyumviriye".

Ariko n'aho bavyiyamirije, abateguye inkino zo mu 2014 baruhiye kugondozwa barahindura itegeko kugira barekure igurishwa ry'inzoga mu gihe hariko haraba inkino z'igikombe c'isi.

Mu gihe hariko haraba inkino z'igikombe c'isi harabaye imishamirano myinshi hagati y'abafaba barabana ryiza, nk'igihe haba urukino ruhuza Colombia na Uruguay i Rio de Janeiro, aho vyabaye ko igipolisi kija hagati y'iyo migwi ibiri yari ishamiranye.

Mu kwishura kuri ivyo vayabaye, Jérôme Valcke yavugiye ku mboneshakure ya Brezil Sport TV ati:"Naratangajwe n'igitigiri c'abantubari baborewe."

Abajijwe nimba bishoboka ko FIFA ishobora guhindura itegeko muri kazoza, yongeyeko ati:"Nitwabona ko bikenewe ko tugenzura igurishwa ry'inzoga, tuzobikora."

Igitsure ku Burusiya

Ariko inkino zakurikiye mu Burusiya mu 2018, nta cahindutse kinini ku vyerekeye amategeko ya FIFA agenga igurishwa ry'inzoga.

Co kimwe na Brezil, kubuza igurishwa ry'inzoga igihe hariko haraba inkino zitandukanye n'ibintu vyo kuva kera.

Mu 2005, reta yarabujije igurishwa no kwamamaza inzoga ku bibuga.

Nta shirahamwe na rimwe rikora inzoga rikomeye ryatanze amahera yo gutegura inkino za Olempike zo mu gihe c'imbeho zo mu 2014 i Sotchi, hanyuma mu 2012 Uburusiya bwaratoye itegeko ribuza gose kwamamaza inzoga ku mboneshakure, ku mbuga hwaniro no mu binyamakuru vyandika.

Ariko mu mwaka wakurikiye, prezidaa Vladimir Putin yarashize umukono kw'itegeko rishasha rirekura kugurisha inzoga mu gihe c'inkino z'igikombe c'isi, aranorosha vy'aagateganyo amategeko mashasha yabuza kwamamaza inzoga.

Akarere ka Rostov karagerageje kubuza igurishwa ry'inzogamu bibuga vyako, kavuga ko "ari ahantu hakoranira abantu benshi" ariko karuhiye kwisubirako kamenyeshejwe ko gashobora gukurikiranwa mu butungane.

Kwiyamiriza inzoga bifatiye ku kwemera

Ibibazo bijanye n'inzoga hamwe n'umupira w'amaguru mu mahiganwa akomakomeye ntibiraba gusa FIFA, n'ibihugu bitegura izo nkino.

Mu nkino za Euro 2022, harabaye ikibazo hagati ya UEFA na bamwe mu bakinyi banse kuja mu kiganiro n'abamenyeshamakuru, ku meza hateretse amacupa y'inzoga ya rimwe mw'ishirahamwe ryari ryatanze amahera yo guterera iryo higanwa, Heineken.

Umukinyi w'imbere w'Ubufaransa Pual Pogba, umu Islam yarakuye ku meza icupa rya Heineken imbere yo kwishura ibibazo inyuma y'urukino.

Mugenzi we Karim Benzema na we nyene w'umu Islam, co kimwe na Pogba na we nyene yishuye abamenyeshamakuru ata cupa na rimwe riri ku meza.

N'aho ico gihe cose, inzoga zari zazanywe n'iryo shirahamwe zari iza Heineken ariko ziromwo urugero rw'umwambiro wa 0,0%, abo bakinyi bibashatse ko baberekana bafise amacupa y'inzoga imbere yabo.

Mu nyuma UEFA yaremeye kuza irabaza abamenyereza n'abakinyi ko bemeye ko bazana amacupa ya Heineken ku meza aho bagirira ikiganiro n'abamenyeshamakuru, ariko imigwi yaragabishijwe ko ashobora guhanwa mu gihe yosubira kwinuba ayandi mashirahamwe atanga amahera muri iryo higanwa rikiriko riraba.

Kubuza inzoga muri Qatar

Ubu, mu gihe hariko haraba igikombe c'isi ca 2022, ukwiyamiriza inzoga gufatiye ku kwemera kw'igihugu cakiriye izo nkino, gitegeka kubuza kugurisha inzoga mu gihugu cose, kwatumye FIFA yemera iyo ngingo yo kutagurisha inzoga ku bafana ku bibuga ku munota wa nyuma.

Abafise amatike yo mu kibanza c'iteka (VIP) bo barashobora kubandanya kugura inzoga aho ziri, imbere n'igihe inkino ziriko ziraba eka mbere n'inyuma y'aho.

Hasigaye kumenya ingene iyo ngingo izogira ingaruka mbi ku migenderanire FIFA ifitaniye n'ishirahamwe rikora inzoga rya Budweiser AB InBev.

Ishirahamwe rikomeye ritanga amahera yo gutunganya amahiganwa kuva mu myaka ya 1988, ryoba ririha FIFA imiliyoni 75 z'amadolari igihe cose habaye inkino z'igikombe c'isi.

Ariko kuba Reta zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, aho iryo shirahamwe rya Budweiser AB InBev riri, ari kimwe mu bihugu bitatu bizotunganya inkino zo mu 2026, AB InBev rishobora kwizera amahirwe menshi yo kugurisha inzoga muri iryo higanwa ryimirije.