Ubugumba ku bagabo: Impamvu eshanu zisobanura kugabanuka kwa spermatozoïdes

Urugero rw’intanga abagabo basohora mu gihe barangije rwagabanutseho 51% mu myaka 50 ishize.

Ni umwe mu myanzuro y’ingenzi y’ubushakashatsi buheruka gutangazwa na Hebrew University y’i Yerusalemu muri Israel hamwe n’ishuri ry’ubuvuzi rya Mont Sinaï muri Amerika.

Abashakashatsi barapimye basanga mu myaka ya 1970, abagabo bari bafite ikigereranyo cy’utunyangingo miliyoni 101 two kurema muri mililitiro imwe y’intanga. Uwo mubare vuba aha waramanutse ugera kuri miliyoni 49. 

Uretse ubwinshi, imibare yerekana ko n’ireme ry’inganga z’abagabo ryaguye, ijanisha ry’utunyangingo twazo tubasha gukomeza tukagera ku ntanga ngore ryaragabanutse cyane mu myaka za mirongo ishize.

Moacir Rafael Radaelli umuhanga mu ndwara z’urwungano rw’inkari wo muri Brazil ati: “Icyo tubona gikomeye cyane ni ugutakaza ubushobozi bwo kugenda kw’intanga ngabo. Ubwo bushobozi iyo ntabwo, ubwo gutera inda buragabanuka.” 

Ukwiyongera kw’ibi birimo kuba ni ikimenyetso kiburira ku bahanga mu by’amagara.

Eduardo Miranda ukuriye agashami k’amagara y’imyororokere ku bagabo mu ihuriro ry’abaganga b’urwungano rw’inkari, ati: “Ni ikintu gihangayikishije, kuko tubona ko bigenda byiyongera kandi ntituzi neza igihe bizahagarara.” 

Muri iyi myaka ya vuba, urugero abagabo batakazamo intanga rwariyongereye. Ku bwa buriya bushakashatsi bwakorewe muri Israel no muri Amerika, hagati ya 1970 na 1990 urugero rw’intangangabo rwagabanukagaho 1,16% ku mwaka. 

Ariko kuva mu 2000, uko kugabanuka kwageze kuri 2,64%. Mu yandi magambo, byikubya kabiri.

Kandi ni ikintu kiri hose ku isi: Abahanga muri siyanse babonye kugabanuka kw’intangangabo ku migabane yose, nubwo iyo mibare iri hejuru kurushaho Iburayi, Africa, Amerika yo hagati, na Amerika y’Epfo.

Ariko se ni iki cyihishe inyuma yabyo? Inzobere zitunga urutoki nibura impamvu eshanu. Inkuru nziza ni uko hariho uburyo bwo kuzirwanya cyangwa kizigabanya.

1. Umubyibuho ukabije

Ibiro byinshi bitera impinduka zikomeye kandi mbi kuri spermatozoïdes z’abagabo. 

Kwiyongera kw’igice cy’umubiri kibika ibinure, kurekura imvubura zikaze zigira ingaruka ku misemburo ya testosterone, imwe mu y’ingenzi cyane mu gukora intanga ngabo.

Miranda avuga ko ibiro bikabije bitera icyitwa stress oxydatif, uburyo bugenda butuma utunyangingo twinshi tw’umubiri tugenda twangirika.

Ati: “Niyo mpamvu, umuntu ubyibushye cyane agaragaza ibinure byinshi ku gice cy’igitsina, ibintu bibi kuri spermatozoïdes.” 

Udusabo tw’intangangabo (amabya), ahakorerwa izo ntanga, tuba dukeneye ubushyuhe buri munsi ho hagati ya 1 na 2 °C ku bw’umubiri kugira ngo dukore neza – ni nayo mpamvu duherereye hanze gato y’umubiri kandi n’uruhu ruturinze rutandukanyeho gato n’urw’ahandi ku mubiri. 

Ikibaho ni uko kwiyongera kw’ibinure gutera ubushyuhe burushijeho urwo ruganda rukora intanga maze ntirukore uko bisanzwe.

Ishami rya ONU ryita ku buzima OMS rigereranya ko ku isi 39% by’abagabo bafite ibiro byinshi naho 11% bafite umubyibuho ukabije – imibare ifasha gusobanura impamvu ya kuriya kugabanuka kw’intanga mu myaka 50 ishize.

2. Ibiyobyabwenge

Inzoga, itabi, shisha, urumogi, cocaïne, n’ibindi biyobyabwenge…Mwari muzi icyo ibyo byose bihuriyeho? Bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw’intanga ngabo.

Miranga asobanura ko “bimwe muri byo byangiza ako kanya utunyangingo dutuma habaho intanga ngabo”.

Naho ibindi bikora ibyo mu buryo buziguye. Bikangiza imisemburo ituma udusabo tw’intanga dukora akazi katwo neza.

Urugero ruvugwa kenshi n’abahanga ni urwo gusimbuza imisemburo ya testostérone ibinini bizwi nka pilules, za gels cyangwa kwitera inshinge bikoreshwa akenshi n’abashaka kongera imikaya n’ibizigira ku mibiri yabo.

M. Radaelli ati: “Ni isoko ryazamutse mu buryo butumvikana kandi buteye ubwoba mu myaka ya vuba aha ishize.” 

Uyu muganga avuga ko iyo iriya misemburo isimbujwe biriya bikoresho mu buryo butagenwe neza, umubiri wumva ko utagikeneye gukora imisemburo mu buryo karemano.

Icyo gihe, amabya ashobora no guhagarika ibikorwa maze umubare wa spermatozoïdes ziri mu ntanga zikaba zero, mu byo abaganga bita azoospermie.

3. Indwara zandurira mu mibonano mpuzabitsina

Indwara nk’imitezi (gonorrhoea) na chlamydia, zitwara n’udukoko twa bacteria dushobora gutera ubushye mu gice kizwi nka epididyme cy’udusabo tw’intanga ngabo. 

Icyo gice kiri ahajya hejuru ku mabya nicyo gishinzwe kubika spermatozoïdes.

Igitutu kuri aho hantu gusobanuye akaga mu mibereho ya spermatozoïdes.

OMS igereranya ko mu mwaka wa 2020 gusa, abagabo n’abagore bashya miliyoni 129 barwaye chlamydia naho abandi bashya miliyoni 82 bakarwara imitezi. Urwo rugero ntabwo rwahindutse cyangwa ngo rwiyongere mu myaka ishize.

Radaelli yongeraho ko indi ndwara ya gatatu yiyongera ku rutonde ari iyitwa Human papillomavirus izwi ku mpine nka HPV itera abagore cancer y’inkondo y’umura, iyi ni imwe mu ndwara zandurira mu mibonano ikwirangira cyane, nubwo ifite imiti n’urukingo. Gusa iyo itavuwe igira ingaruka mbi. 

Ati: “Iyi nayo bizwi ko igira ingaruka mbi ku ikorwa cyangwa no kuri DNA/ADN ya spermatozoïdes”.

4. Mudasobwa ku bibero

Muribuka iriya ngingo ko amabya agomba guhora ku bushyuhe buri munsi ho hagati ya 1 na 2 °C ku bw’umubiri wundi wose ufite?

Rero, ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe mu myaka 10 ishize bwavuze ko umuco wo gutereka mudasobwa ngendanwa ku bibero ni ikibazo ku ikorwa ry’intanga.

Mu by’ukuri, batiri (batterie) y’iyo mashini irashyuha bikaba byatuma “itwika” intanga.

Miranda avuga ko ibindi bikorwa byose bijyanye no gushyushya hariya hantu nabyo ari akaga ku ikorwa ry’intanga.

Urugero ni nko kumara umwanya munini mu bwogero bunini (baignoire) burimo amazi ashyushye, cyangwa se amasaha menshi muri sauna.

Aho kandi mu ikoranabuhanga, uyu muganga avuga ingaruka zishobora kuva ku mvumba (ondes) z’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga, imvumba za telephone hamwe n’imvumba za internet y’inziramugozi(WiFi).

Ati: “Mu nyigo zo gusuzuma, zakorewe muri za laboratoires, ibintu nka WiFi n’izindi mvumba zitaboneshwa amaso bigira ingaruka kuri spermatozoïdes.” 

Agira ati: “Gusa buri gihe ntabwo twahamya tudashidikanya ko iryo koranabuhanga ari akaga kuri turiya tunyangingo.”

5. Ubumara bubi

Mu gusoza urutonde, inzobere zigaruka ku rutonde rw’ibintu by’ubumara bizwi nka ‘endocrine disruptors’. 

Urutonde rwabyo rurimo imyanda iba mu kirere, ibikoresho bya plastike hamwe n’imiti ya pesticides yica udusimba.

Muri macye, ibigize ibyo bintu bifite imiterere isa n’iy’imisemburo yo mu mubiri wacu. Bityo iyo bigeze mu mubiri bijya ahakorerwa imisemburo bikaba byatera imikorere itifuzwa.

Kimwe mu biherutse kwerekanwa n’ubushakashatsi ni uko ibi byibasira neza neza ubuzima bw’imyororokere y’umugabo.

M. Radaelli ati: “Gusa ntituramenya neza urugero runaka rw’iki kibazo ariko ubushakashatsi bwinshi burimo kubikorwaho ngo bimenyekane.”

Isi y’ingumba?

Uretse impamvu z’ibidukikije n’iz’imyifatire nk’impamvu yo kugabanuka kwa spermatozoïdes, ibindi bibazo bibi bifite uruhare muri icyo kibazo. 

Icya mbere ni imiterere. Bigereranywa ko hagati ya 10 na 30% by’ibibazo by’ingorane mu gutera inda ziva ku kibazo cya ADN y’umugabo.

Icya kabiri gihuzwa no gusaza no kuba ubu abagabo bagenda bashaka kubyara akenshi bamaze gukura.

Uriya muganga ati: “Tuzi neza ko ubushobozi bwo kurumbuka bugabanuka uko umuntu akura. Nubwo uko kugabanuka kutagereranywa n’uko ku bagore, ariko uko umugabo akura haba ukugabanuka kw’imisemburo y’ingenzi mu gukora spermatozoïdes.” 

Niba umubare wa spermatozoïdes waragabanutseho 51% mu myaka 50 kandi umuvuduko ibyo bibaho ukaba wariyongereye mu myaka 20 ishize, aho bigana si uko bigenda bimanuka bigana kuri zeru? 

Uko biri kose, niba uwo muvuduko ukomeje kuri urwo rugero, tuzagera mu 2050 gukorwa kw’intanga byaragabanutse kugera kuri zeru. 

Ariko Miranda avuga ko ibi bimeze nk’imperuka bitazabaho. 

Ati: “Biraboneka ko bigenda biba bibi, ariko mu gihe runaka, bizahagarara yenda tubifashijwemo n’ikoranabuhanga.”

Hakorwa iki?

Ku bantu bifuza kubyara, intambwe ya mbere yo kongera ayo mahirwe ni uguhindura imibereho cyane cyane birinda ibikorwa byo kwangiza amabya.

Urugero rw’ibyo ni ukugumana ibiro bigereranyije no kugabanya ibirenze biciye mu ndyo ikwiriye no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri ihoraho.

Kwirinda ibisindisha bikabije, itabi, n’ibindi biyobyabwenge nabyo ni inama y’ibanze.

Mu gihe gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina ari ingenzi, mu gihe ikorwa hatagamijwe kubyara ni ingenzi cyane gukoresha agakingirizo wirinda indwara nka chlamydia n’imitezi.

Abakobwa bakiri bato bagirwa inama yo gufata inkingo za HPV zikabarinda iyo ndwara na cancer iyikomokaho kandi bikabaha amahirwe yo gusama. 

Mu gihe wakora ibishoboka byose mu guhindura imibereho ariko ugakomeza kugorwa no gutera inda, igikurikiraho ni ukureba umuganga.

Ku mabwiriza y’ibihugu na mpuzamahanga, igihe cyo gufata ibipimo byihariye giterwa n’imyaka y’umugore.

Miranda ati: “Niba ari munsi y’imyaka 35, ‘couple’ igerageza gusama nibura mu gihe cy’umwaka, ikora imibonano mpuzabitsina ku buryo buhoraho, nibura gatatu mu cyumweru, kandi bikurikiranwa n’abaganga mu gihe cy’uburumbuke.”

Ariko iyo umugore arengeje imyaka 35, iyo adasamye mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu ibyo byonyine ni ikimenyetso cy’intabaza.

Ubundi guhera kuri iyo myaka, ubushobozi bwo gukora intanga ngore bugabanuka vuba vuba – bityo igihe cy’amezi 12 yo gushaka igisubizo gishobora kuba gutakaza igihe kinini kandi gihenze, nk’uko abaganga babivuga.

Radaelli ati: “Isuzuma rigomba gukorerwa kuri ‘couple’ kugira ngo tubone impamvu zishoboka no gutanga ubuvuzi bukwiriye.” 

Iyo ikibazo kiri ku mugabo, inzobere zimwandikira imiti muri rusange igizwe n’intungamubiri (vitamins) zo kurinda no gufasha amabya. 

Bishobora kandi kuba ngombwa ko habaho gutunganya imiterere y’imisemburo hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kuyifasha.

Miranda ati: “Biranashoboka kandi gukosora indwara zimwe na zimwe zishobora gutera icyo kibazo hakoreshejwe imiti cyangwa kubagwa.”

Yongeraho ati: “Ni nk’uburyo bwo kuvura indwara ziterwa na bacteria hakoreshejwe antibiotiques cyangwa gukosora ibibazo by’imiterere y’imyanya ndagagitsina hakoreshejwe kubaga.” 

Uburyo bwa nyuma, ni aho ‘couple’ ishobora kwifashisha uburyo bwo gusama babifashijwemo, nk’ibizwi nka ‘fécondation in vitro’.