Impunzi y'igisekuru cya gatatu yabaye umuganga wa mbere mu bantu akomokamo

Inkuru ya Swaminathan Natarajan, BBC World Service

Muganga Saleema Rehman agira ati: "Abakobwa benshi bo mu bantu nkomokamo ibyo nagezeho byababereye urugero. Iyo abana baje mu ivuriro ryanjye bavuga ko bashaka kunkurikiza maze nabo bakaba abaganga.

Saleema akomoka muri Afghanistani kandi yavukiye mu nkambi y'impunzi muri Pakisitani. Byaramugoye kugirango yige kandi abone akazi. Yakoranye umuhate maze abona umwanya umwe rukumbi wagenewe impunzi mu ishuri rikuru ry'ubuvuzi maze aba umuganga wa mbere uva mu mpunzi zo mu bwoko bw'aba Turkmen.

Yegukanye kandi igihembo cya UNHCR (Nansen Refugee award) ku mugabane wa Aziya cyo mu mwaka wa 2021.

Nkuko bivugwa mu cyegereranyo cya ONU kijyanye no kwibuka umunsi mpuzamahanga wahariwe impunzi ku isi wabaye ku itariki ya 20 z'ukwa gatandatu, umubare w'abantu bataye amago yabo - nka Saleema - umaze kurenga miliyoni ijana. Abarenga kimwe k'icumi muri abo babitewe n'intambara ibera muri Ukraine.

Mu mpera za 2021, abantu miliyoni 27 bari barahungiye mu bindi bihugu.

Nka Saleema, benshi mu mpunzi bahungiye mu bihugu bikiri mu nzira y'amajyambere. Byinshi muri byo - nka Pakisitani - ntabwo byari byasinya amasezerano arengera impunzi ku isi.

Impunzi y'igisekuru cya gatatu

Dr Saleema Rehman agira ati: "Ndi impunzi y'igisekuru cya gatatu ... twanyuze mu bibazo byinshi."

Ubyara sekuruza wa Saleema yari yarahunze intambara hagati y'abanyagihugu muri Turkmenistani hashize imyaka irenga ijana maze ajya gutura mu ntara ya Jowzjan muri Afghanistani.

Nyuma y'intambara icyari Repubulika zunze ubumwe z'abasoviyete zagabye muri Afghanistani muri 1979, se wa Saleema yahungiye muri Pakistani aho ababyeyi be bahuriye maze bubakana urugo mu nkambi y'impunzi ya Sawabi mu ntara ya Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Muri iyo nkambi nta muriro w'amashanyarazi, amazi n'ibintu bya nkenerwa nka serivisi z'ubuvuzi byari bihari.

"Igihe nari hafi kuvuka, umubyaza yabwiye mama ko uruhinja rwe rutari muri nyababyeyi neza ko rero agomba kubyara abazwe. Ariko papa nta mafaranga yari afite yo kumujyana mu bitaro byari mu birometero 70 uvuye aho."

"Ababyeyi banjye banyuze mu bibazo bibabaza umubiri n'ibibazo by'ihahamuka. Nuko bafata icyemezo ko umwana wabo bazakora uko bashoboye kugirango azabe umuganga."

Ntabwo nsanzwe

Se umubyara yabaye impfubyi akiri muto cyane maze ava mu ishuri mbere yuko atangira kwiga neza. Ariko yashyigikiye cyane umwana we Saleema.

Ibi ntibisanzwe. Ubwoko akomokamo bw'aba Turkmen buzwi cyane nk'abantu bafite ubumenyi bukomeye mu gukora amatapi (tapis). Nta nubwo abakobwa benshi bajyaga ku ishuri, kandi nkuko Saleema abyibuka n'abana b'abahungu bavanwaga mu ishuri kugirango batangire gukora.

Igihe yari afite imyaka itatu, ababyeyi be bavuye mu nkambi maze bajya gukodesha inzu mu mujyi wa Attock, ku birometero 80 mu majyaruguru y'umujyi wa Islamabad. Mu nkambi yahize kugera mu mwaka wa munani maze ahava ajya kwiga mu ishuri risanzwe ry'ahongaho.

"Icyo gihe nibwo nahise menya ko ntanganyaga amahirwe n'abandi twiganaga. Amahirwe yabo yari atandukanye cyane n'ay'impunzi."

Amahirwe make

Ishami rya ONU rishinzwe impunzi ku isi, HCR, rivuga ko babiri mu mpunzi eshanu ari abana.

Icyegeranyo cya HCR cyo muri 2018 kivuga ko kimwe cya kabiri kirenga cy'impunzi z'abana batari mu ishuri kandi 3% by'impunzi nibo bonyine bajya mu mashuri makuru.

Rero amahirwe ya Saleema yari make cyane. Amaze kumenya ko leta ya Punjab yari atuyemo yari ifite gusa umwanya umwe mu ishuri rikuru ry'ubuganga wagenewe impunzi, yahise acika intege.

"Nahise ntangira kurira. Natekerezaga ko ntashobora kubona iyo intebe imwe. Rero murumuna wanjye - wari ufite imyaka umunani icyo gihe - yarampojeje ambwira ko azangurira intebe mu isoko nzajyana mu ishuri rikuru ry'ubuganga"

Kuba umuganga

Kuva akiri muto, Saleema yajyanaga n'izindi mpunzi z'abagore mu mavuriro n'ibitaro kubasemurira ibyavugwaga mu rurimi rwaho rwitwa Urdu. Bakundaga kumwita Muganga Saleema maze yiyemeza ko izina rya "Muganga" ry'ukuri azarikorera akaribona.

Nyuma y'imyaka ibiri agerageza kwerekana ko koko ari impunzi, yabashije kubona umwanya mu ishuri ry'ubuvuzi rya Rawalpindi.

"Natekereje ko ibyo nifuzaga n'ababyeyi banjye bifuzaga mu nzozi mbigezeho."

Yabonye impamyabumenyi ye y'ubuganga muri 2014. Ariko amategeko yo muri Pakistani atuma adakora nk'umuganga.

Saleema yakomeje kwingiga ubutegetsi ngo budohore ariko biba iby'ubusa. Ariko muri 2017, yiyandikishije kwiga imyaka ine y'ubuganga bw'indwara z'abagore - nanone yegukana umwanya umwe wagenewe impunzi. Mu bijyanye n'amasomo ye yoherejwe gukorera sitaje mu bitaro bya Holy Family muri Rawalpindi.

"Nakoranye n'itsinda ry'abaganga batanu. Ku minsi twabaga dufite akazi kenshi, twakurikiranaga abagore bagera kuri 50 babaga barimo gufashwa kubyara mu gice cy'ibitaro twarimo."

Kurwanya Covid

Igihe icyorezo cy'indwara ya Covid-19 cyatangiraga gusakara, Saleem yari akiri muri Rawalpindi kandi yari atewe impungenge n'umutekano w'abantu akomokamo batuye i Attock.

"Abagore ntabwo bashoboraga kujya kwa muganga keretse igihe babaga barembye cyane. Abagore benshi ntibabyariraga mu bitaro."

Ingamba za guma mu rugo zatumaga adashobora kwinjira mu nkambi z'impunzi. Rero Saleema yatangiye gutanga inama akoresheje telefone.

Yavuganaga n'abakuru b'umuryango kugirango amenye neza ko abagore babaga bakeneye ubufasha bwo kwa muganga badatereranwa.

Umurwayi we wa mbere

Hagati aho, ibya Saleema HCR yarabimenye maze ibasha kumvisha ubutegetsi ko bugomba kumuha uruhushya rwo gukora. Yarangije amasomo ye muri 2021 maze afungura ivuriro i Attock.

"Umurwayi wanjye wa mbere yari nyogokuru. Yaje kwisuzumisha umuvuduko w'amaraso. Yaranyishimiye cyane."

"Nshaka gufasha impunzi. Nzi umubabaro wazo. Ntekereza ko bankeneye."

Ivuriro rye yashinze ku giti cye nta bikoresho rifite byo kubaga cyangwa se ubundi buvuzi bugoye.

"Mu gihe kirenze umwaka, maze kubyaza abagore hafi 20. Bose babyaye batagombye kubagwa."

Saleema ntabwo arimo gukora nk'umuganga w'inzobere. Ntabwo yemerewe gukora akazi ka leta. Aramutse ashatse gukorera ibitaro byigenga byamusaba kuva mu bantu akomokamo akajya mu mujyi munini.

Biteye agahinda

Ashimishwa cyane nuko ashobora gufasha abandi bagore b'impunzi. Abagore b'aba Turkmen batuye mu yindi mijyi basaba ubufasha bwe. Rimwe na rimwe hari abagore bamutelefona bari muri Afghanistani.

Nyuma yaho abatalibani bafatiye ubutegetsi muri Afghanistani, Saleema yabonye izindi mpunzi nyinshi zinjira muri Pakistani.

"Abagore bo muri Afghanistani bamaze igihe barambuwe uburenganzira bwabo bw'ibanze. Ubu byarushijeho kuba bibi. Biteye agahinda."

Yababaye cyane igihe yamenyaga ko abagore babiri bo mu bwoko bwe baretse ishuri ry'ubuganga bageze mu mwaka wa kane. Saleema yabasabye kutiheba maze bakongera gutangirira mu wa mbere amasomo y'ubuganga nkuko amategeko yo muri Pakistani abisaba.

"Abagore bagombye kwemererwa kwiga, gushaka akazi no kugira uburenganzira bwo gukora icyo bashaka."

Pakisitani yakiriye impunzi y'abanya Afghanisitani miliyoni imwe n'ibihumbi 400. HCR ivuga ko bibiri bya gatatu muri zo bari munsi y'imyaka 25.

'Isi igomba gufasha'

Kwakira impunzi nyinshi bituma amahirwe agabanuka. Saleema avuga ko ibihugu bikennye bidafite andi mikoro yo gufasha impunzi.

"Amahirwe asanzwe ari makeya no ku banyagihugu b'ibyo bihugu. Ntekereza ko ONU n'abandi bagombye gufasha ibihugu byakira impunzi nka Pakistani kugirango amahirwe yiyongere."

Ibihugu byinshi byo mu Burayi ubu birimo gufasha cyane impunzi zo muri Ukraine ariko ukuntu bifata abasaba ubuhungiro bakomoka mu bindi bihugu ntabwo ari kimwe hose.

Igihe ikibazo cy'abimukira cyari gikaze cyane kubera intambara yo muri Syria, Ubudage bwakiriye impunzi zirenga miliyoni imwe. Ariko ubungubu nta gihugu na kimwe cyateye imbere ubona gifite umwete nk'uwo.

Nk'urugero, Ubwongereza burimo kugerageza kohereza mu Rwanda bamwe mu bimukira babusaba ubuhungiro. Ariko kugeza ubu imanza mu nkiko zatumye indege ya mbere ibajyanyeho idahaguruka.

Mu bihugu byinshi nka Pakisitani ushobora kuhaba imyaka mirongo ariko amahirwe yo kubona ubwenegihugu akaba abarirwa ku ntoki.

'Nta burakari bimuteye'

Saleema, kimwe n'ababyeyi be akomeje kuba impunzi. Ntabwo yiteze ko hari ikizabihindura.

"Nzi ko ibintu bigomba guhinduka, ariko nta burakari binteye. Ntabwo nakorewe ivangura n'abandi bantu. Ni amategeko atuma tutabona amahirwe."

Nyuma yaho yegukanye igihembo cya HCR umwaka ushize, urubyiruko rwinshi rw'impunzi rwatangiye kumugisha inama.

Saleema yishimiye ko abandi bantu bo mu bwoko bwe barimo kwitabira uburezi. Abagore batari munsi ya babiri ubu nabo barimo kwiga ubuganga muri Pakisitani.

Murumuna we - washakaga kumugurira intebe - ubu arimo kwiga ubuganga muri Kyrgyzstan.

"Yabonye umuhate nari mfite kugirango ngere ku ndoto zanjye maze afata icyemezo cyo gukora nka njye. Avuga ko muri buri muryango hagombye kubamo umuganga w'umugore n'umuganga w'umugabo."