Jamaica yaba igiye kwiyambura ubwami ikaba Repubulika?

Inkuru ya Will Grant

BBC News, i Kingston, Jamaica

Gutangazwa k’umwami mushya Charles III – akaba n’Umwami wa Jamaica – byaravuzwe cyane ku mwaro w’amato wa ‘Kingston Harbour’, icyambu kigeze kuba gifatwa nk’umutima w’Ubwami bw’Ubwongereza.

Mu gihe cy’ibiragano, Umwami n’abacuruzi b’Abongereza bavanye inyungu mu gucuruza isukari, cacao, indigo, ndetse n’abacakara biciye kuri iki cyambu karemano cya Kingston. 

Kugeza mu kinyejana cya 19, iki cyambu cyari kimwe mu by’ingenzi mu burengerazuba bwose. 

Ariko ubu Umwami Charles III yimye ingoma mu gihe Jamaica igeze mu masanganzira mu by’umubano wayo n’ubwami. 

Mu ntangiriro z’uyu mwaka, Andrew Holness Minisitiri w’intebe wa Jamaica yabwiye Igikomangoma William n’umugore we ati: “Turagiye”, bari kuri iki kirwa mu kwizihiza isabukuru y’ubutegetsi bw’Umwamikazi Elizabeth II.

Kuri uwo munsi, Holness yatanze ubutumwa butaziguye buburira ubwami; ko abanya-Jamaica bifuza gutandukana n’amateka ya gikoroni bagatera ikirenge mu cya Barbados bakaba repubulika.

Mu gihe ikusanyabitekerezo ryerekana ko hejuru ya 50% by’abanya-Jamaica bashyigikiye iki gitekerezo, gutanga kwa Elizabeth II kwarabyihutishije.

Prof Rosalea Hamilton, ukuriye Advocacy Network irimo guhirimbanira impinduka z’itegekonshinga, ati: “Iki kiganiro cyatangiye nanone. Uko tubivugaho, ni ko abanya-Jamaica bakanguka. 

“Bari kumenya amateka yabo, amateka tutigishijwe mu mashuri, [amateka] yaduhishwe.”

Uyu mugore yongeraho ati: “Ikibazo kiri imbere y’abanya-Jamaica kiroroshye; “Murashaka gutegekwa n’umwami utiteguye gusaba imbabazi, utiteguye kwerekana kwicuza, cyangwa urugendo rw’ubutabera busana?”

Umwami Charles III ntabwo arasaba imbabazi Jamaica ku mugaragaro, nubwo yemeye ko habaye “ubwicanyi bukomeye mu bucakara…bwasize icyasha gihoraho mu mateka yacu” ubwo yari muri Barbados umwaka ushize, mu gihe Igikomangoma William cyavuze “agahinda gakomeye” ubwo yari muri Jamaica muri Werurwe(3).

Isano ya Jamaica n’ubwami irimbitse, iri muri politiki y’iki kirwa, mu mateka, mu nzego no mu itegekoshinga ryacyo. Nubwo imyifatire no kwitwa “abantu b’umwami” byahindutse, Umwamikazi yakomeje kuba umuntu ukundwa n’abanya-Jamaica. 

Bwa nyuma asura iki kirwa mu 2002, Umwamikazi yasuye umushinga w’iterambere i Tench Town, agace k’abakene mu murwa mukuru Kingston, ahantu hafatwa nko ku ivuko rya muzika ya Reggae. Igikomangoma William nawe yarahasuye muri Werurwe. 

Junior Lincoln ukuriye ikigo cy’urubyiruko cya Boys Town muri Trench Town avuga ko amaze hano imyaka igera kuri 70, ari mu bantu ba mbere bateje imbere Reggae no hanze ya Jamaica. 

Lincoln yizera ko iki kirwa kizakomeza kugirana isano ya hafi n’Ubwongereza, cyane nko mu muco n’imiryango.

Mu gihe yibuka uburyo ari mu bagejeje Reggae mu ngoro y’ubwami y’Abongereza akanahura n’ab’ibwami, we abona ko hari impande ebyiri kuri iriya ngingo.

Ati: “Ikintu kimwe nzi ni ko umuryango w’ibwami ukunda imico. Ariko abanya-Jamaica bato ubu barifuza ubwigenge bwabo kuko bumva ko tutigenga by’ukuri mu gihe tugifite [umwami] nk’umukuru w’igihugu.”

Umwe mu bakinnyi bakiri bato ba Cricket, Sanjay Brown, w’imyaka 23, avuga ko abanya-Jamaica bangana nawe bashaka kumva ikintu kimwe gusa ku Mwami Charles; imbabazi.

Ati: “Benshi mu baturage twumva ko dukwiye guhabwa indishyi z’akababaro. Ariko bigomba guhera ku gusaba imbabazi byeruye. Ibyo ni ngombwa kubera amabi yose yakozwe mu mateka.” 

Hafi ya Boys Town, umugore witwa Sherica Bourn utunganya imisatsi, arimo gukorera umukiriya we, gusa we abona ko impinduka mu itegekonshinga nta kinini zahindura kubera ruswa muri politiki ya Jamaica. 

Ati: “Ntekereza ko igihugu mbere na mbere cyibeshya mu kwitandukanya n’Umwamikazi. Ntabwo ubu ari bwo tumeze neza kurusha mbere y’ubwigenge. Nta cyiza byazanye.”

Uko byamera kose iyi ngingo iri kuvugwaho cyane. Abahirimbanira impinduka barasaba ko haba referandumu vuba bishoboka.

Dr Howard Harvey afite amateka urebye yihariye muri Jamaica. Yavukiye i Trench Town abana n’abavandimwe umunani mu nzu y’icyumba kimwe, ari umwana yanakoze aho bogereza imodoka. 

Nyuma yaje kujya mu mashuri agera ku mpamyabumenyi y’ikirenga aba umwe mu barimu ba mbere bakomeye mu burezi muri Jamaica, igihugu bacye ari bo bashobora kwigobotora ubukene. 

Kuri iyi ngingo agira ati: “Iki ni igihe cy’amarangamutima kuri buri wese ufite aho ahuriye n’Umwamikazi, tugomba kwitondera gufata ibyemezo mu gihe nk’icyo.” 

Yongeraho ati: “Ntekereza ko Jamaica idakwiye kubikora kubera gusa urugero rwa Barbados, dukwiye gukora ubushakashatsi bwacu tugafata icyemezo gifite amakuru y’uburyo byagenda.” 

Kugira ngo Jamaica ijugunye amateka y’ubukoroni, kuri we intambwe ya mbere ni ukuvugurura uburezi.

Uko leta zasimburanye muri Jamaica zananiwe gushyira imbaraga mu burezi bw’ubumenyingiro we abona ko bwafasha cyane abakiri bato muri iki gihugu. 

Dr Harvey avuga ko abantu nka we bakomeje guhirimbanira impinduka mu burezi ariko “abanyapolitiki ntibigeze bifuza kubiganiraho”. 

Ati: “Ni ngombwa ko abakiri bato bamenya ko twakomeje gutegekwa n’uburyo bwihariye mu myaka myinshi, kandi ko butagiye kuvaho kuko Umwamikazi yapfuye.”

Umwami Charles ni nawe mukuru w’umuryango w’ibihugu bya Commonwealth, kandi impaka ziri muri Jamaica zigomba kumutera impungenge, cyane ko zishobora gukwira no mu bindi bihugu by’uwo muryango.

Prof Rosalea Hamilton ati: “Sinavuga ko tuzaba ari twe gihugu cya mbere cya Commonwealth gitegekwa n’Umwami Charles (kibaye repubulika) kandi sinavuga ko tuzaba icya nyuma. Ariko icyo niteze ni uko dutangira urwo rugendo.” 

Yongeraho ati: “Tuzabaza minisitiri w’intebe ku magambo ye: ‘Turagiye’.”