Kubera iki muri iki gihe amasezerano menshi ahagararirwa na Arabia Sawudite na Qatar?

Vyitezwe ko kuri uno wa kabiri intumwa za Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika n'iza Ukraine zihurira muri Arabia Sawudite mu biganiro bishobora gushikana ku masezerano y'amahoro hagati ya Ukraine n'Uburusiya.

Iki gihugu carizigiwe kubera ubucuti budasanzwe indongozi yaco Umuganwa Mohammed bin Salman afitaniye na Perezida Vladimir Putin w'Uburusiya na Perezida Donald Trump wa Amerika.

Reta ya Arabia Sawudite ivuga ko izogira uruhara rudasanzwe mu guhuza impande zishamiranye.

Qatar, igihugu gito kandi kibanyi ca Arabia Sawudite, na yo nyene ni igihugu kizwi cane kw'isi mu bijanye no guhagararira ibiganiro vy'amahoro muri ino myaka 20 iheze.

Caragize uruhara rudasanzwe mu guhagararira amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara ya kino gihe muri Gaza hagati ya Israel na Hamas, kandi n'imbere y'aho carafashije mu masezerano yo kuzana agahengwe.

None ni kubera iki ibi bihugu bibanyi vyahisemwo kuba abahuza mpuzamakungu mu biganiro vy'amahoro? Ibi vyoba vyaratumye ibi bihugu birabana ribi?

Kubera iki Arabia Sawudite ishaka kuba umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro?

Arabia Sawudite yafashe ingingo yo kuba umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro inyuma y'imyaka myinshi yamaze ikoresha igikenye.

Mu 2015, yarinjiye mu ntambara yo muri Yemen mu gushigikira reta, maze ikora ibitero vy'indege na vya muzinga ku nyeshamba z'aba-Houthi.

Mu 2017, reta ya Libani yaragirije Arabia Sawudite ko yagumije umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Libani, Said al-Hariri, mu ntumbero yo kugerageza kumuhatira gutanga imihoho.

Mu 2018, umunyamakuru Jamal Khashoggi – umuntu yari azwi cane ko yanegura reta ya Arabia Sawudite -yarishwe n'abakozi ba reta mu buserukizi bwa Arabia Sawudite i Istanbul muri Turukiya.

Dr Paul Salem wo mu kigo Middle East Institute i Washington DC muri Amerika agira ati: "Mu misi ya mbere ubutegetsi bwa Mohammed bin Salman bwari ubwo guhangara".

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Ariko ubu butegetsi bwafashe ingingo y'uko bushobora gukora neza mu kuba umuhuza mu masezerano y'amahoro aho gukokeza indyane".

Arabia Sawudite imaze igihe ari umuhuza mu masezerano y'amahoro cane cane mu ntumbero yo gutsimbataza ituze mu Buseruko bwo Hagati, nk'uko bivugwa na Elizabeth Dent wo kuri Washington Institute, ikigo c'abahinga ku bijanye n'ibibazo vyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati gifise icicaro muri Amerika.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Iki ni ikintu gihambaye mu mikenyuro yayo yo kurondera ko itobandanya ibeshejweho n'igitoro igurisha hanze gusa, no gukwegakwega abanyamitahe mvamakungu kugira ngo bayifashe guteza imbere ibisata bishasha vy'ubutunzi".

None Arabia Sawudite imaze gushika kuki nk'umuhuza mu buganiro vy'amahoro?

Arabia Sawudite imaze imyaka mirongo ari umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro mu Buseruko bwo Hagati.

Mu 1989, yarabaye umuhuza mu biganiro hagati y'impande zari zishamiranye muri Libani, vyatumye haba amasezerano ya Taif, n'uguhagarika intambara mu 1990, maze birangiza intambara yo hagati mu gihugu yari imaze imyaka 15.

Mu 2007, Arabia Sawudite yarahagarariye amasezerano ya Mecca/La Mecque yarangije imishamirano hagati y'imihari ibiri y'Abanyapalestina Hamas na Fatah.

Ubu bwa vuba, irongowe n'Umuganwa Mohammed bin Salman, Arabia Sawudite yongeye kugira uruhara nk'umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro.

Kuva mu 2022, iri mu biganiro n'inyeshamba zaba-Houthi muri Yemen mu kugerageza guhagarika intambara muri iki gihugu.

Imaze igihe kandi ihagarariye ibiganiro bimaze igihe kirekire hagati y'impande zibiri za Sudani ziri mu ntambara – reta irongowe n'igisirikare c'iki gihugu, hamwe n'inyeshamba z'umuhari wa gisirikare, Rapid Support Forces.

Arabia Sawudite yarahagarariye kandi amasezerano yo mu 2022 hagati y'Uburusiya na Ukraine, aho impfungwa z'intambara zirenga 250 zari zafashwe mu ndyane hagati y'ibi bihugu bibiri zahanahanywe.

Ni amasezerano ayahe y'amahoro Qatar imaze guhagararira?

Qatar yaragize uruhara rudasanzwe mu murwi w'ibihugu (iri kumwe na Misiri na Amerika) vyashoboye gushika ku masezerano yo guhagarika intambara hagati ya Israel na Hamas muri Nzero (1) 2025.

Mu 2020, Qatar yarabaye umuhuza mu masezerano y'amahoro hagati y'aba-Taliban na Amerika mu ntumbero yo kurangiza intambara yari imaze imyaka 18 muri Afghanistan, aho Amerika n'incuti zayo vyatahukanye ingabo zavyo, aba-Taliban bagaca bafata igihugu.

Mu 2010, yahagarariye amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara hagati ya reta n'inyeshamba z'aba-Houthi muri Yemen (ariko yahavuye asenyuka).

Iramaze kandi no guhagararira amasezerano y'amahoro muri Afrika.

Amwe muri aya ni ayo guhagarika intambara mu 2022 hagati ya reta ya Tchad n'imirwi myinshi yarwanya ubutegetsi.

Ayandi ni amasezerano y'amahoro yo mu 2010 hagati ya reta ya Sudani n'imirwi yitwaje ibirwanisho mu ntara ya Darfour yo mu burengero.

Mu 2008, yarahagarariye amasezerano hagati y'imirwi yari ihanganye muri Libani, igihe hari ubwoba bw'uko indyane hagati yayo zari kwadukamwo intambara nshasha yo hagati mu gihugu.

Kubera iki Qatar ishaka kuba umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro?

Qatar yatanguye kurondera kugira uruhara runini nk'umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro ku ngoma ya Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, yashitse ku butegetsi mu 1995 (yabaye ku ngoma gushika mu 2013).

Imvo nyamukuru yari uko Qatar yashaka kwimba gaze mu kigobe c'abarabu mu gace kazwi nka North Dome na South Pars, yari yatowe mu 1990.

Kubera iyi gaze yari ikwiragiye mu bice vy'inyanja vyegukira Qatar na Irani, Qatar yari ikeneye gukorana na Irani kugira ngo ishobore gushika kuri iyi ntego yayo - naho Irani yari umukeba wa Arabia Sawudite ico gihe, nk'uko bivugwa na Dr HA Hellyer wo mu kigo Royal United Services Institute i Londres mu Bwongereza.

Yabwiye BBC ati: "Igihe Qatar yatora iyi gaze, yaciye ibona ko yategerezwa kwironderera inzira".

Avuga ko yahisemwo kugira uruhara nk'umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro, kuko "kugira ubucuti bwiza n'ibihugu vyinshi vyubaka ihuriro ry'ibihugu bishobora kugufasha no kugushigikira".

Uruhara rwa Qatar nk'umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro ruri mw'ibwirizwashingiro ryemejwe mu 2004.

Dr Salem agira ati: "Qatar yahisemwo kuba umuhuza mpuzamakungu nka kimwe mu bimenyetso vy'igihugu, kandi yifata nk'igihugu ibindi bishobora kwifashisha".

Arabia Sawudite na Qatar bitandukaniye he nk'abahuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro?

Qatar ni yo kenshi itorwa nk'igihugu co guhagararira amasezerano y'amahoro kuko ifitaniye ubucuti n'imihari Arabia Sawudite idashobora kwumvikana nayo, co kimwe n'ibindi bihugu.

Dr Salem avuga ati: "Qatar nta rwanko rukomeye ifitiye imihari igendera ku vyiyumviro vya Isilamu – nk'umuhari wa Frères Musulmans/Muslim Brotherhood, Hamas na Taliban – rungana n'urwo Arabia Sawudite iyifitiye ".

Avuga ko ubucuti Qatar yagiranye n'aba-Taliban bwatumye iba ikiraro hagati yayo na Amerika, hanyuma ubwo yagiranye na Hamas hamwe na Israel nabwo bukaba bwayifashije mu guhagararira amasezerano yo guhagarika intambara aherutse hagati y'izi mpande zibiri.

Umupfasoni Dent agira ati: "Arabia Sawudite ikora mu nzira zisanzwe zimenyerewe, igakorana n'ibihugu n'imirwi yemewe, mu gihe Qatar nayo ikora mu buryo butamenyerewe".

Ariko rero, Qatar yaracanyemwo na Arabia Sawudite mu gushigikira imirwi nka Frères Musulmans, reta ya Arabia Sawudite ifata ko igeramiye ubutegetsi bayo.

Dent agira ati: "Muri ca Gihuhusi co mu Barabu[ Printemps arabe/Arab Spring mu 2010 na 2011], Qatar yarashigikiye yivuye inyuma imirwi yarwanya ubutegetsi mu bihugu nka Syria na Libya. Yarerekanye ku mugaragaro aho yari ihagaze".

Ibi vyatumye haba icuka kibi mu Kigobe c'Abarabu mu 2017, gushika n'aho Arabia Sawudite n'ibindi bihugu vyo mu Buseruko bwo Hagati bihagarika ubucuti bwose vyari bifitaniye na Qatar.

Dent agira ati: "Kubera uku gucanamwo, Qatar ntigihirahira ngo yubake ubucuti n'iyi mihari igendera ku vyiyumviro bikaze itabanje kuraba ingene bimeze n'abanyi bayo.

"Ubu rero ku rugero runini ntaho yegamiye nk'umuhuza".

Dr Hellyer avuga ko Qatar na Arabia Sawudite bitarwanira kuba umuhuza mu biganiro vy'amahoro hagati y'impande kanaka.

Avuga ati: "Qatar ntishaka guhangana na Arabia Sawudite muri iki gihe, kandi Arabia Sawudite ntishaka kwivanga mu bibazo biri mu minwe ya Qatar".

"Ikibabaje, ni uko hakiri indyane zihagije kw'isi zishobora kubandanya ziraje ishinga ibi bihugu vyompi".