'Uburayi cyangwa urupfu' - abimukira b'urubyiruko baheba byose bashaka kwambuka inyanja

Abimukira batabawe mu bikorwa bya mbere byakorewe mu nyanja ya Mediterane kuva abantu babarirwa muri magana bapfa igihe ubwato barimo bwarohamaga ku nkombe z'Ubugereki, bavuga ko nta cyari kubaca intege mu kugerageza kugera mu Burayi. Bavuganye n'umunyakmakuru wa BBC Alice Cuddy, wari mu bwato bukora ubutabazi bukora irondo mu nyanja bushaka ubwato bw'abimukira bari mu kaga.

Mu gihe ubwato rutura bw’ibara ry’umutuku n’umweru bukora ubutabazi bwasingiraga akarere ko mu nyanja ya Mediteraniya (Mediterraniean Sea), imboni yabwo iciwemo n’ubwato buto bw’umukara n’ubururu bwijimye bwuzuye no hejuru abantu bari kuzunguza imitwe.

Abakora ubutabazi bo mu muryango udaharanira inyungu wa SOS Mediterranée barabaha kasike (casques/helmets) n’udukoti turinda abantu kumira nkeri mu mazi bita 'life jackets' mu Cyongereza, ari nako bavudukira mu bwato bwihuta bagana aho abo bantu bari. Barashyira abo bimukira mu bwato, umwe nyuma y’undi ari nako babara ingano yabo.

Abana b’abahungu n’ingimbi, benshi baturuka muri Gambiya, bamaze amasaha 15 mu nyanja kandi bakoze ibilometero birenga 100 mu mazi bavuye mu mujyi wa Castelverde muri Libiya, hafi ya Tripoli.

Bari mu majye y’umuhangayiko. Nyuma gato bamwe bambwiye ko mbere gato y’uko abatabazi bahagera, imirwano yari igiye kwadukira mu bwato barimo bwuzuye no hejuru.

Bamwe bari biyemeje gukomeza urugendo, mu gihe abandi barimo batakamba bashaka guhagarika urugendo bakongera kugerageza nyuma. Umwe yatakaje telefoni ye mu nyanja kubera akaduruvayo.

Umwe muri bo yambaye umupira w’ibara ry’ubururu bwerurutse w’ikipe y’umupira w’amaguru ya Manchester City, abandi bafite telefoni ngendanwa zo mu bwoko bwa iPhone.

Bacye gusa ni bo bafite amazi n’ibyo kurya. Benshi muri bo ntibazi koga, biringiye udupira tw’imbere y’amapine y’imodoka bashobora gukoresha mu kureremba ku mazi igihe bwarohama.

Mu gihe cy’ubutabazi hari uguhuzagurika mu gihe ubwato bw’abarinzi b’inkombe za Libiya basingira aho ubutabazi bubera.

Benshi muri abo bahungu bigeze gusubizwa inyuma muri Libiya n’abarinzi b’inkombe, bahawe ubwato n’umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi, EU, wanabahaye imyitozo n’inkunga y’amafaranga.

Bamwe mu bimukira baragaragara nk’abatishimye cyane mu gihe bicaye mu bwato - umwe arifata ifoto (selfie) kuri telefoni ye. Undi nyuma aza kumbwira ko igihe yafataga ukuboko k’umwe mu batabazi, ngo yaratekereje ati : “Ubu noneho ninjiye i Burayi.”

Iryo tsinda ry’abimukira risubijwe mu bwato bwa SOS Mediterranée, buzwi nka Ocean Viking, aho basuzumirwa n’abaganga bakanahabwa imyenda mishya ndetse n’udukapo turimo ibikoresho nk’uburoso bwo koza amenyo.

SOS Mediterranée yahise iburira abategetsi b’Ubutaliyani, bahise bagena umujyi wa Bari uri mu majyepfo kuba ari wo ubwato bujyanwa, bavuga ko bagomba kujyayo “nta gukerererwa.”

Ibi bikurikiye itegeko rishya risaba ubwato bwose kujya ku cyambu aho gukomeza kugenzura ubwato bw’abimukira.

Bizafata iminsi igera kuri itatu mbere yo kugera ku cyambu cya Bari.

Bityo, uko duhaguruka, turavugana na bamwe mu bimukira mu byumba byagenwe kuvurirwamo n’ahantu baba mu bwato. Benshi bavuga Icyongereza, amazina yabo yose yarahinduwe.

Abimukira batubwiye ko batayobewe ibyago biri mu kujya mu bwato. Benshi bavuga ko itari inshuro ya mbere bagerageza kugera mu Burayi. Bamwe baciye urupfu mu myanya y’intoki, igihe bafatirwaga mu bwato bafite umuhangayiko bagasubizwa muri Libiya. Umusore umwe w’imyaka 17 yagize ati:

“Maze kugerageza inshuro zirindwi!”

Buri mwimukira navuganye nawe afite inshuti zapfuye zigerageza urugendo rusa n’uru.

Bamwe kandi bamaze igihe bakurikira amakuru ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ku ishyano riherutse kubera mu Bugereki, ahabereye impanuka ikomeye y’ubwato bwarohamye, bikekwa ko abantu bagera kuri 750 bapfuye - ibi byabaye mu byumweru bibiri mbere y’aba bimukira. Nabo bari batsimburiye urugendo muri Libiya.

Umwe aravuga ko bitigeze bimuca intege kubera ko yizera ko abo bimukira bari bafite ibitekerezo bisa n’ibye.

“Uragera mu Burayi cyangwa se upfire mu nyanja,” ni ko iyo ngimbi imbwira.

“Hari amahitamo abiri gusa.”

SOS Mediterranée yari yabonye imburo yohererejwe kuri telefoni, umurongo wa telefoni w’ubutabazi bw’igitaraganya abimukira bakoresha iyo bari mu makuba mu nyanja, n’iy’urwego rw’Uburayi rugenga imipaka, Frontex.

Abarenga 80% by’abimukira ni abana bari bonyine, bafite imyaka iri munsi ya 18. Benshi muri aba basore bamaze imyaka batangiye uru rugendo, igihe bizeraga gukorera amafaranga yo kohereza mu miryango yabo.

Benshi bavuga ko bapfushije umwe mu babyeyi babo cyangwa bombi kandi, nk’abana b’imfura mu miryango, bumva ko bafite inshingano zo gufasha ababo.

Benshi baturuka muri Gambiya—ku bilometero birenga 3.000 uvuye mu majyepfo n’uburengerazuba bwa Libiya.

Gambiya ni kimwe mu bihugu bikennye kurusha ibindi ku isi, kandi umuryango mpuzamahanga ushinzwe abimukira (IOM) mu mpine, uvuga ko mu myaka micye ishize, abanya Gambiya bavuye mu gihugu cyabo ari benshi kuruta ikindi gihugu cyose muri Afurika ugendeye ku mpuzandengo y’abaturage bagize igihugu.

IOM ivuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2015 kugera muri 2020, abanya Gambiya barenga 32.000 bageze mu Burayi mu nzira izwi ku “bwimukira butanyuze mu mategeko”. Ivuga kandi ko umubare ungana n’uyu wageze mu Burayi hagati ya 2020 na 2022.

Hagati muri Mediterane ni yo nzira ngari abimukira banyuramo mu kugera mu Burayi. Frontex ivuga ko mu mezi atanu ya mbere y’uyu mwaka, abantu babonywe bambuka imipaka bikubye kabiri ugereranyije n’igihe nk’icyo muri 2022, ugera ku 50.318.

Ni wo mubare uri hejuru kurusha indi kuva mu mwaka wa 2017. Mu gihe abimukira biruhutsa bari mu bwato bwerekeza mu Burayi, abahungu barumva batekanye ku buryo batangira no kumbwira uburyo bageze hano.

Bafashe inzira zitandukanye kugira ngo bagere muri Libiya, bakoresheje udutsiko tw’abinjiza abimukira mu Burayi ku kiguzi runaka mu nzira zitemewe n’amategeko, bambuka ibihugu byinshi muri Afurika kuva mu burengerazuba kugera mu majyaruguru.

Suma w’imyaka 18 avuga ko urugendo rwe rwatangiye igihe yahuzwaga n’umwe muri abo bantu hafi ya Mali, uwo muntu bumvikanye gutangira urugendo rujya mu Burayi, banyura muri Aljeriya kugera muri Libiya. Mu nzira, avuga ko yari aziritse, yarakubiswe kandi abashimuta abantu bamwimye ibiryo.

Nta n’umwe mu bo bajyanye muri Libiya wari muri ubu bwato, kandi BBC ntiyashoboye kugenzura ibyo avuga ku buryo bwigenga. Ariko abandi nabo bafite inkuru zisa n’iyi.

Mu gihe bidufata kugera ku mwaro, abimukira bari kumenyera ubuzima bushya mu bwato, bakina ruhago, amakarita ndetse n’undi mukino witwa Connect Four - baranabyina umuziki uvugirizwa ku ndangururamajwi.

Bagize ibyishimo bamaze guhabwa imyenda baje bambaye. Barashakisha mu gipfunyika kugira ngo barebe iyabo noneho bakayijyana mu ndobo irimo isabune n’amazi kugira ngo bayimese, mbere yo kuyanika ku migozi kugira ngo yume.

Kuri benshi, iyi myenda ni yo yonyine bafite - ibindi byose bagombye kubisiga aho baturutse cyangwa muri Libiya.

Ubuzima bwo mu bwato bunini bwerekana impinduka ikomeye ugereranyije n’ukuntu batubwira bari babayeho mbere yo gufata inzira.

Muri Libiya, bavuga ko babaga mu mbuga y’abambutsa abimukira mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko mu gihe bageragezaga gukusanya amafaranga yo kubambutsa inyanja ya Mediterane.

Benshi bavuga ko uru rugendo rwabatwaye amafaranga angana na 3.500 y’amadinari (akoreshwa muri Libiya), ni ukuvuga asaga amadolari 753 ya Amerika.

Umugabo wa nyina wa Suma yamwoherereje amwe mu mafaranga kandi undi muhungu avuga ko umuryango we wari warafashe inguzanyo utanze ingwate y’ibicuruzwa byawo kugira ngo bafashe gutera inkunga uru rugendo.

Abandi bavuga ku buryo bakoreraga abo bantu bambutsa abimukira mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko.

“Uru rugendo, sinishyuye…mfite amahirwe,” uko ni ko umwe avuga.

“Nakoranaga n’umwe mu bagabo. Namufashaga gutunganya ibintu.”

Benshi muri uru rubyiruko kandi bavuga ko bamaze igihe mu magereza yo muri Libiya nyuma yo gufatwa n’abacunga inkombe za Libiya bagerageza kwambuka, aho bavuga ko bishwe urubozo kandi bagahabwa ibiryo by’intica ntikize. Benshi muri bo bafite ibiheri ku mubiri.

Igihe bari bamaze kubona amafaranga ahagije yo kwambuka Mediterane, abimukira begereye abambutsa abantu kugira ngo bafate umugambi.

Suma avuga ko atabizera, asobanura ko: "Kenshi ibyo bakubwira n’ibyo bakora biratandukanye."

Avuga ko yari yabwiwe ko azatwarwa mu bwato burimo abantu hagati ya 55 na 60, aza kwisanga ari mu bwato buto cyane budafashe burimo abagenzi hagati ya 80 na 90.

“Tugomba Kwizera, dushyira ibintu byose mu maboko y’Imana. Kandi buri wese agomba kujya muri ubwo bwato bw’umupira budakomeye.”

Adama avuga ko yari mu bwato bwarimo abantu 125 bwarohamye, ni umwe muri 94 barokotse.

“Nabonye inshuti yanjye ipfa. Ndafasha ariko sinafasha bose…Ndababona, bari kugenda.”

Mu bwato bwa Ocean Viking hari icyizere cy’abimukira mu gihe dusingira umwaro mu Butaliyani, ariko kandi hari no kwicuza. Suma avuga ko akumbuye iwabo, ariko ko byamuzanira “ikimwaro” asubiyeyo nyuma yo kuguza amafaranga mu bavandimwe kugira ngo afate urugendo.

“Biteye agahinda.”

Bamwe ntibari bazi byinshi kuri uru rugendo rwuzuye ibyago cyangwa aho rwari rwerekeje usibye kwizezwa gusa ko bagiye i Burayi - mu gihe abandi barimo batekereza kujya ku kirwa cya Lampedusa mu Butaliyani, ahantu hamenyerewe kugerwa n’abimukira.

Benshi kandi banatubwira ko bamye bizera ko bazakirwa n’ubwato bwa SOS Mediterranée', Ocean Viking, badatekereza ko bashoboraga kugera mu Butaliyani bonyine.

Umwe mu ngimbi atubwira ko yakurikiye inzira y’ubwato akoresheje telefoni ye mbere y’uko ubwato butsimbura.

“Nkunda imbuga nkoranyambaga, ndetse n’amaporogaramu atahura ubwato, yose ndayafite kuri telephone. Ndeba uko ikirere cyifashe, ndeba n’ubwato butabara,” ni ko avuga.

Abanenga imiryango nka SOS Mediterranée bavuga ko ibikorwa byayo bitera imbaraga abimukira zo gufata izo ngendo zuzuye ibyago.

Ariko SOS Mediterranée yo ivuga ko imibare y’abimukira bambuka ntaho ihuriye n’uko ubwato bwayo buba buri mu nyanja cyangwa budahari.

“Abantu barambuka uko byagenda kose, haba hari ubwato cyangwa budahari,” uko ni ko Claire Juchat, umuyobozi ushinzwe itumanaho muri uyu muryango avuga.

Yongeraho ko nyuma y’amasaha 72 abimukira bamaze gutabarwa, igihe nta bwato butabara bwari mu mazi, abandi bimukira 5.000 bageze ku cyirwa cya Lampedusa.

Anavuga kandi ko ibikorwa byinshi by’ubutabazi bikorwa n’abategetsi.

Amakuru atangwa n’imibare y’ishami rya LONI rishinzwe impunzi, yerekana ko abantu barenga 64.000 bageze mu Butaliyani nyuma yo kwambuka Mediterane muri uyu mwaka. Abarenga 1.000 baturutse muri Gambiya.

Uru rubyiruko rutubwira ko rubona Uburayi nk’ahantu h’umutekano n’ituze bashobora gusubira ku ishuli bakabona akazi keza.

Mu bwato, abakozi bari guha amasomo y’ibanze y’Igitaliyani aba bimukira, ari nako bicaye bitonze bandika ibyo bigishwa banasubiramo interuro.

Mu gihe bamwe bafite inshuti zashoboye kwambuka mbere yabo kandi zanababwiye amakuru y’ubuzima bushya babayemo, Uburayi ni igitekerezo kidafatika neza ku bimukira benshi. Ubumenyi benshi bafite ku Burayi bushingiye ku makipe y’umupira w’amaguru bakunda ndetse n’abakinnyi bayo.

"Ndashaka kuzaba umukinnyi. Nka Ronaldo", umwe ni ko avuga. "Marcus Rashford!" undi yongeraho atangara.

Benshi muri bo bishimiye kugera mu Butaliyani, igihugu gifite shampiyona y’umupira w’amaguru, Seria A, n’ikipe ya Napoli yatwaye igikombe.

Ariko ejo hazaza habo ntihasobanutse.

Igihe ubwato bugeze ku cyambu cya Bari, urubyiruko, rwahoze ruririmba runabyina mu bwato, ruguye bucece, rwifubitse ibiringiti, runafite impapuro zo kwereka abategetsi. Bamwe baratitira bategereje guhamagarwa.

Ku cyambu bakirwa n’abashinzwe ubuzima ndetse n’imipaka, n’abo mu muryango utabara imbabare wa Croix Rouge n’abo muri LONI.

Bamwe bajyanywe mu mbangukiragutabara (ambulance) itwara abana kugira ngo basuzumwe. Abandi bashyizwe mu modoka zibajyana aho bari busuzumirwe byimbitse.

Sara Mancinelli, ushinzwe ibikorwa muri Croix Rouge, uri no mu bwato yambwiye ko uburenganzira bwabo bwo kuguma mu Burayi buzagenwa n’uko inkuru zabo zizaba zimeze ku giti cya buri umwe.

Agira ati: “N’ubwo mu bihugu byabo hashobora kuba hatari intambara cyangwa badakorerwa gukandamizwa, bashobora kuba bafite impamvu zimwe zatuma barindwa.”

Chiara Cardoletti, uhagarariye ishami rya LONI rishinzwe impunzi mu Butaliyani, avuga ko “kubera ubwiyongere bw’abimukira bahagera, ubushobozi bwo gufasha abimukira batari kumwe n’abantu bakuru mu gihugu buri hasi”.

Uko yitegura gutera intambwe za mbere ku butaka bw’Uburayi, Suma, arahindukiye aradupepera, adusezera.