Menya aba bagore b’impumyi batora kanseri y’ibere ikiri ku ntango

Mu Buhindi, abagore bangana na 1% ni bo bonyene bamaze kwitabira umugambi wo gupima kanseri y’ibere. Umurwi w’abagore batabona canke babona igice bariko barakora uko bashoboye kugira babihindure.

Mu cumba kitagira ikintu na kimwe ku kigo c’ubuvuzi cegukira reta ahitwa Vapi, igisagara kiri mu ntara ya Gujarat iri mu bumanuko bushira uburengero bw’Ubuhindi, Meenakshi Gupta afise igicapo c’amabere y’umugore gihometseko uduhimba dutanu tw’imikanda twerekana inzira akurikiza mu gupima.

Avugana n’umugore yari yicaye ku gitanda, amubwira ati: "Ndahomeka utu duhimba tutonona uruhu kw’ibere ryawe hanyuma nkoreshe intoke kugira ngo numvirize ko ata bibazo ivyo ari vyo vyose woba ufise”.

Gupta asaba umugore kwambura impuzu zo ku gice co haruguru, yisiga umuti wica imigera (sanitiser/ disinfectant), hanyuma aca atangura akazi kiwe ka misi yose ko gupima.

Amaze kugabura igikiriza mu bice bine akoresheje twa duhimba tw’imikanda, amara iminota hagati ya 30 na 40 akuyakuya isentimetero ku yindi y’ibere, afyondafyonda uku na kuriya, imbere y’uko yandika ku mashini nyabwonko ivyo yatoye.

Hampande y’amakuru kuri kahise k’amagara y’umurwayi wiwe, Gupta mu nyuma aza kurungika ivyo yatoye ku muganga kugira ngo amenye niba hari ingorane yongere amuhe n’impanuro zijanye n’ukungene azobandanya yisuzumisha.

Gupta aba i Delhi akaba ari umuhinga mu gupima akoresheje intoke, ikizwi nka examinateur médical tactile/Medical Tactile Examiner (MTE), umwuga mushasha kandi uriko uratera imbere ku bagore batabona mu Buhindi n’i Bulaya.

Yarangije amashure mu bijanye n’imibereho ya kiremwamuntu, akaba yavukanye ubumuga bwo kutabona, yamaze amezi icenda yiga ivyo gupima amabere akoresheje intoke, ubuhinga bwihariye bwo gupima amabere.

Ubuhumyi bwa Gupta ntibwavuye ku vyo akora, ahubwo ni ikintu kimufashije cane mukazi kiwe.

Ivyigwa vyerekana ko mu gihe umuntu adashoboye kubona n’amaso yiwe, ubwonko bwiwe bushobora gutuma agira ubushobozi bukomeye cane bwo kwumva, gukorakora hamwe n’izindi nzira zishobora gutuma atandukanya ibintu.

Umudagi Frank Hoffmann, umuhinga mu bijanye n’irondoka ku bagore (gynécologue/gynaecologist) yatanguje iciyumviro ca MTE yashoboye kubona ko mu mwanya muremure bamara bariko barapima, aba ba MTE barashobora gutora utuvyimba duto cane kuva kuri mirimetero 6 gushika kuri 8.

Nk’uko amatohoza yiwe atarasohorwa avyerekana, utu ni utuvyimba duto cane ugereranije n’utwo abahinga benshi badafise ikibazo c’amaso bashobora gutora iyo bariko barapima, turi hagati ya mirimetero 10 na 20.

Mu Buhindi, aba MTE 18 ni bo bamaze kwigishwa kuva mu 2017. Bamwe muri bo ubu bakora mu bitaro i Delhi na Bengaluru hanyuma abandi bakeya muri bo bakaba bakora akazi mu kigo c’ishirahamwe ry’abagore batabona n’abafise ubundi bumuga, National Association of the Blind India Centre for Blind Women and Disability Studies (NABCBW), ishirahamwe ridaharanira inyungu z’amafaranga ari na ryo ribigisha.

Ariko igikorwa co kwigisha aba MTE catanguye kera, inyuma y’amakenga ya Hoffmann we nyene ubwiwe yabona ko hashobora kuba hari utuvyimba yoba atashobora kubona.

Ati: "Igihe cose nari mfise ubwoba ko, nk’umuhinga mu bijanye n’irondoka ku bagore, ntari mfise umwanya ukwiye wo gupima amabere nk’uko bikwiye, ko rero hashobora kuba hari utuvyimba noba ntashobora kubona”.

Abaganga benshi nta mwanya bafise wo kumara iminota 30-40 bariko barapima, ariko umuntu atari umuganga yigishijwe bikwiye ingene ashobora gukoresha intoke, ashobora kubikora neza cane.

Mu 2010 iciyumviro ca Hoffmann cavuyemwo gutanguza Discovering Hands, ikompanyi y’ubufasha ifise icicaro ahitwa Mülheim mu Budagi, ikaba yigisha abagore batabona n’abandi bafise ibibazo vyo kubona kugira ngo babe aba MTE.

Icigwa cakozwe kuri uwu mugambi cerekana ko ivyatowe n’aba MTE vyashusha n’ivyatowe n’abaganga.

Ibitigiri vy’abarwaye kanseri birateye ubwoba kw’isi yose, aho kanseri y’ibere ku bagore ari yo kanseri yabonetse cane mu 2020.

Hanze y’Ubudagi, igihugu gifise igitigiri kinini c’aba MTE ni Ubuhindi. Muri iki gihugu, kanseri y’ibere ni yo ya mbere itera impfu ziva kuri kanseri mu bagore mu ntara zose.

Abenshi mu batorwa iyi kanseri – 60% – baza kuyitorwa igeze ku rugero rwa III canke rwa IV, ibi bigatanga amahirwe make cane yo kurokoka.

Mu bihugu bitunze, abarenga 70% batorwa kanseri y’ibere igeze ku rugero rwa I na II. Muri rusangi, amahirwe yo kumara imyaka itanu ku banduye kanseri y’ibere mu Buhindi ari ku rugero rwa 52% mu gihe muri Amerika ari ku rugero rwa 82%.

Kubura uburyo bwo kwivuza, ubukene bw’ibikoresho ku mavuriro, hamwe n’ubwoba bw’ibiciro, biratuma abantu batihutira kwitura ubuvuzi, ibi navyo bigatuma amahirwe yo gukira agabanuka.

Mu 2017, Discovering Hands niho yashika mu Buhindi iciye kuri rya shirahamwe NABCBW, inyuma y’aho abakozi baryo baronkejwe inyigisho mu Budagi zo gushobora kwigisha aba MTE. Hari icizere ko ubu buhinga bushasha bwo gutora kanseri bushobora gutanga akarusho ku buhinga bwari busanzwe bukoreshwa.

Ubuhinga bwo gupima ibere kwa muganga busanzwe buhari mu Buhindi, ariko urugero rw’ababwitabira “ruri hasi cane”, nk’uko biri mu cegeranyo giheruka c’ikigo National Family Health Survey, ikigo gitanga ibiharuro ku rwego rw’igihugu ku bijanye n’ibitigiri vy’abantu n’amagara.

Muri rusangi, igitigiri kiri musi ya 1% vy’abagore nibo bitabiriye umugambi wo kwipimisha kanseri y’ibere hagati ya 2019 na 2021 mu gihugu cose c’Ubuhindi.

Nico gituma kwigisha uyu murwi w’abagore batabona kandi batize ivy’ubuganga kugira ngo bakore ibikorwa bidasanzwe vyo gupima bishobora gufasha ikintu kinini cane, nk’uko bivugwa na Kanchan Kaur, umukuru w’igisata kijejwe kubaga ibere ku bitaro bidasanzwe vya Medanta mu ntara ya Gurugram.

Ati: "Bishobora gufasha gutora utuvyimba duto duto tw’iyi ndwara tukiri ku ntango kandi dushobora kuvurwa kuko aba bagore batabona bashobora gushikira abanyagihugu badashima kwitura abaganga kubera bibaza ko bakomeye”.

Ibipimo bikorwa n’aba MTE ntibigamije gusubirira ivyo kwa muganga, ahubwo ni ibikorwa vy’intambwe ya mbere imbere y’ibindi bikorwa bisanzwe vy’abahinga.

Kaur asigura ko mu gushira aba MTE mu bigo vyo gupima kanseri y’ibere hamwe no ku mavuriro ya reta mato mato (ari nayo abanyagihugu batari bake bitura ubwa mbere), abagore bashobora kumenyera ibijanye no kwipimisha ibere, bakanamenyera no kwicungera bo nyene.

Bishobora gutuma abantu bamenya cane ibijanye na kanseri y’ibere amahirwe yo kuyitora ikiri ku rugero rwo hasi akiyongera. Kaur ati: "Mu gihe ukwipimisha ku buntu bishobora kubera hafi yabo, abagore bashobora kuvyitabira cane”.

Gushika ubu, aba MTE 14 baramaze gupima abagore bose hamwe barenga 2500 mu bigo bijejwe gupima kanseri hamwe n’abababa 3000 ku bitaro bitandukanye.

Baragira kandi uruhara mu masekeza yo kwigisha ibijanye na kanseri y’ibere abera mu bigo vy’ubudandaji, mu mashure yisumbuye na kaminuza, mbere naho nyene bakahakorera ibi bipimo.

Ibindi bikorwa vy’ubushakashatsi ku bikorwa vy’aba MTE bo mu Buhindi bitanga icizere. Malhotra yakoze icigwa ku bagore 1338 bapimwe n’aba MTE imbere y’ikiza ca Covid-19, mu kugereranya ivyavuye mu bipimo vyakozwe n’aba MTE hamwe n’ivyavuye mu bipimo vyo kwa muganga kuri abo bagore nyene.

Malhotra yasanze ko aba MTE bari bafise ubushobozi bwo ku rwego rwo hejuru bwo gutora kanseri mbi, ku rugero rwa 78%. Urugero rwa kanseri mbi aba MTE batashoboye gutora rwari ruto cane, kuri 1%.

Malhotra avuga ati: " Iyo umu MTE ata ngorane atoye, turashobora kwizera ko ibere ry’umugore riba rikomeye ico gihe, kandi ko ata bindi bipimo aba akeneye."

Icigwa cakorewe muri Autriche mu kugereranya abaganga n’aba MTE casanze aba banyuma bari ku rugero runini rwo gushobora gutora kanseri.

Ibipimo vy’ukuri si ko karusho konyene umu MTE yazanye. Aregeranya amakuru ngirakamaro ku vyerekeye imibereho yiwe nk’itabi n’inzoga, ivyo kwonsa, ubutinyanka na kahise umuryango wa muntu kerekeye kanseri imbere y’uko apima umugore, aya akaba ari amakuru ngirakamaro ku muganga kuko amuha umuco ku vyago umuntu aba afise vyo kwandura kanseri.

Nka kimwe mu bikorwa vyiwe, arereka neza umugore ivyo agiye gupima vyose, nk’amaberebere n’ubusumbane bw’amabere.

Mu kurangiza ibipimo vyiwe, umu MTE arigisha umurwayi wiwe inzira nyayo yo kwisuzumisha amabere.

Kumbure ikirushirijeho gusumba, aba MTE barafasha kugabanya ibibazo abagore bagira vyo kutiyumva neza iyo umuganga ata bibazo vy’ukubona afise amusavye kwambura impuzu kugira ngo amupime ibere.

Ibi birashobora gufasha kwongereza igitigiri c’abagore baja kwipimisha.

Sulekha Paswan, umukozi wo mu nzu yapimwe ibere na Gupta muri Vapi, avuga ko yasanze ubu buryo bwa Gupta ari bwo bwiza. Hanyuma uko umwanya wagenda n’utwigoro Gupta yashiramwo mu gupima, vyatumye Paswan yiyumva ko atunganirijwe bikwiye.

Mu Buhindi, hamaze kwigishwa aba MTE 18 bose hamwe, ariko ibibazo vyatewe na Covid-19 vyatumye muri bo batandatu bonyene ari bo bonyene baba bariko barakora muri iki gihe. Hari abandi ba MTE umunani bari mu vyigwa i Delhi n’i Bengaluru bakaba biteze kurangiza muri uno mwaka.

Shalini Khanna arongoye ishirahamwe NABCBW asigura ko igitigiri c’abigishwa ari gito kubera inyigisho zizimvye kandi ari kubera y’uko abenshi mu bagore batabona bava mu miryango ifise amikoro make, ibi bikumvikana ko bategerezwa kurondera ibibatunga n’ibitunga imiryango yabo.

Kubera igihe kirekire c’izi nyigisho n’uburemere bwazo, rimwe na rimwe bashima kuja mu nyigisho z’igihe gito canke bakazicira hagati.

Khanna avuga ko amavuriro amwe amwe adashaka gukoresha aba MTE kubera gushika ubu ubushakashatsi ku ba MTE bukiri ku ntango, ndetse bamwe bakaba bafise amakenga kubera uburyo buke bafise. Hagati aho, izi si inzitizi ku mavuriro menshi, mbere ahitamwo gukorana n’aba MTE.

Rajendra Badwe, umukuru w’ibitaro Tata Memorial Hospital, i Mumbai, bimwe mu bitaro bikomeye bivura kanseri mu Buhindi, avuga ko kugira ngo igikorwa c’aba MTE kironke ikibanza, gitegerezwa kwamamazwa gusumba mu gisata c’ubuvuzi, reta nayo ikabemera ikongera ikabafata mu mugongo.

Ibitaro Tata Memorial Hospital biriko birakorera ku bintu bibiri kugira ngo igikorwa c’aba MTE kimenyekane mu Buhindi.

Badwe ati: "Turiko turategura gukorana n’amashirahamwe be n’abantu bashobora gushikira abagore batabona kugira ngo tubigishe, hanyuma tuvugane na reta ku vyerekeye ingene aba MTE bokwinjizwa mu mugambi w’igihugu wo gusuzuma kanseri y’ibere”.

Gupta yibaza ko kwagura umugambi wo gukoresha aba MTE bishobora gufasha abandi bakobwa batabona kuronka akazi keza, bikongera bigafasha gukuraho uruvugo ku bantu bafise izi ngorane.

Ati: "Kumbure umusi umwe abantu bazoreka kwama batubaza ingene ugenda, ingene ukoresha inyabwonko ngendanwa yawe, bongere batahure ko tutama tuja kwa muganga tugiye kwivuza gusa. Dushobora kujayo tugiye gukora”.