Kugura amasengesho: 'nafashe ideni ndondera igitangaro c’Imana'

Evarline Okello, n’amarira menshi, arambwira ingene ari mw’ideni ry’amadorari amajana n’amajana yafashe ariha umupasitori kugira ngo amusengere.

Aba mu kazu gatoya ahitwa Kibera, ikaritiye nini cane y’abantu bato bato ku mugwa mukuru wa Kenya, Nairobi, ubu akaba adashoboye no kuronka ico agaburira abana biwe bane.

Umupfasoni Okello amaze amezi ataco aronka, nk’uko yabimbwiye turiko turavugana kuri terefone. Amaze kwumva ko hari umupasitori yari kumusengera ubuzima bwiwe bukaba bwiza, yaciye arondera kubonana na we. Yamusavye amadorari 115 y’abanyamerika.

Iki kizwi nk’”imbuto y’ituro": intererano y’amafaranga ahabwa umurongozi w’urushengero, umuntu afise icizere mu mutwe ko azoyironkamwo ingabire idasanzwe.

Okello yasavye umugenzi ko yomugurana amafaranga, uyu nawe aca amufatira ideni. Yari yabwiwe ko amasengesho y’uyu mupasitori akomeye cane ku buryo mu ndwi imwe gusa yari kuba yamaze kubona inyungu kuri ano mafaranga.

Ariko iki gitangaro nticigeze kiza. Ahubwo ibintu vyateye vyunyuka nk’uko abivuga. Iyi ngurane yafatiwe n’umugenzi yagiye yiyongera kubera atashoboye kuriha. Ubu igeze ku madorari arenga 300 y’abanyamerika, kandi ntabona ingene azohava aririha. Uyu mugenzi wiwe ntakivugana nawe, kandi nta n’akazi afise.

Ati: “Ibintu vyarabaye nabi ku buryo ata n’icizere ngifise”.

'Inyishu mu masabamana'

Kenya ihanzwe n’ikibazo kitoroshe c’ubuzima buzimvye. Imbere y’ukwezi kw’icenda umwaka uheze, ibiciro vy’ibifungurwa vyaduze ku rugero rwa 16%, nk’uko bivugwa n’ikigo c’igihugu gishinzwe ibiharuro (National Bureau of Statistics), mu gihe ibiharuro bitangwa n’ibanki y’isi yose vyerekana ko igitigiri c’abanyagihugu ba Kenya badafise akazi ciyongereye incuro zibiri mu myaka ndwi iheze.

Dr Gladys Nyachieo, umuhinga mu vyo imibereho y'abantu kw’ishure kaminuza Multimedia University of Kenya , avuga ati: "Abantu babayeho nabi cane."

Ibi vyatumye abantu babona ko inyishu iri mu masabamana biyongera nk’uko abivuga, ubu benshi bakaba bipfuza kuriha amafaranga kugira ngo bakorewe ibitangaro, n’aho vyoba ngombwa ko bafata ingurane.

Avuga ati: "Abantu babwirwa ko Imana idakeneye ko baguma mu bukene. Rero batera urubuto”.

Uwu mugirwa uva ku citwa Prosperity Gospel (twogereranya mu kirundi Injili y’iterambere), aho higishwa ko Imana isubiriza mu nkoko uwuyemera mu kumuha amagara n’amatungo. Abemera bahimirizwa kwerekana ukwemera kwabo mu gutanga amafaranga, bakabwirwa ko Imana izobasubiriza mu ndumane incuro nyinshi.

Uwu mugirwa wa Prosperity Gospel ufise imizi muri Amerika, ukaba wagiye gukomera mu ntango z’ikinjana ca 20. Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1970 no mu ntango z’imyaka ya 1980, abapasitori b’abanya-Nigeria baragenda muri Amerika kwiga uwu mugirwa, ivyatumye mu ntango z’imyaka ya 2000 ukwirakwira cane muri Afrika, aho abavugabutumwa b’Abanyamerika babigizemwo uruhara, nk’uwitwa Reinhard Bonnke, yaronse isinzi ry’abantu benshi cane bamukurikira kuva i Lagos gushika i Nairobi. Muri kino gihe izi nyigisho zirabandanya gukomera.

Dr Nyachieo arerekana ikindi kintu gituma abantu bafata amadeni – ubutumwa bucishwa ku materefone ngendanwa muri Kenya bwemerera abantu kuronswa ingurane. Ati: “Abantu barasaba kandi bakaronka aya mahera”.

Ibi ni vyo vyashikiye Dennis Opili w’imyaka 26. Amaze kwumva ko yacitse intege inyuma y’imyaka itatu arondera akazi, yasavye umugenzi ko yomufasha.

Opili ati: "Yampanuye ko hari urushengero ujamwo bakagusengera. Uratanga ituro kanaka, hanyuma bakagusengera, hanyuma ukaronka akazi”.

Yasabwe gutanga ituro buri ku wa Mungu mu kiringo c’amezi atatu, akaba yaratanze ayababa amadorari 180 yose hamwe.

Amaze kubona ko utwo yari yaziganije tumuheranye, yasavye ideni y’amadorari hafi 120 z’amadorari aciye kuri apps za terefone, ayandi ayasaba abagenzi.

"Narizeye ivyo pasitori yambwiye, ko nzoronka akazi. Rero nta ngorane nari mfise yo gusaba ideni, kubera nari mfise icizere ko nzoyishura”.

Ariko amaze kubona ko ata kazi ariko araronka yaciye atangura kugira amakenga ko yahenzwe.

Inyuma y’igihe gito, ya makompanyi atanga ingurane yaciye atangura kumwirukako ngo ayariye.

Ati: "Rimwe na rimwe, nashobora kuba niyicariye ahantu, nduhutse, niyumvira ibindi. Ubwo nyene ukaza wumva umuntu aaguhamagaye agusaba kubasubiza amafaranga yabo, na we ata kintu na kimwe ufise wokwikorako ngo ubishure”.

"Narumvise ubwoba kuko muri ico gihe ntuzi ingingo bashobora gufata mu gihe utabarishe. Ntuzi ko bashobora kukwitwarira, canke nimba bazogutwara mu gipolisi”.

Ku gihamana ciza, yahavuye aronka aho yisumamwo, bituma ashobora kuza arariha aya madeni buke buke.

Avuga ati: "Ndacemera Imana cane. Igikenewe gusa ni uko mba maso”.

Gutegekwa gutanga ituro

Si muri Kenya honyene abantu bafata amadeni barondera ibitangaro vy’Imana. Umugore yahoze asengera ku rushengero rwa Nigeria muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika avuga ko we n’umugabo wiwe binjiye mu kibazo c’amafaranga – harimwo ko bategerezwa gutanga imbuto y’ituro, canke “canke gutera urubuto”.

"Sarah", ni izina yahawe kuko atashatse ko rwiwe rimenyekana, canke intara arimwo mu bumanuko bwa Amerika ngo imenyekane, ku gutinya ko aterwa ubwoba n’urushengero cane abanyamategeko barwo.

Avuga ko abasengera muri uru rusengero hamwe n’abapasitori mu rusengero yahoze asengeramwo bategerezwa gutanga ic’icumi c’ayo binjiza buri kwezi kugira ngo baterere urusengero n’abarurongoye muri Nigeria. Aya yiyongera ku citwa “icamwa ca mbere” (first fruit) - ni ukuvuga umushahara wabo wose w’ukwezi kwa mbere kw’umwaka.

Abayobozi babo bisanze bategerezwa kwiha intego buri kwezi, nk’uko abivuga, ibi bikaba vyatuma bategeka ishengero kubiba imbuto. Abanywanyi baryo babwirwa ko bazoheza bakaronka imihezagiro ivuye mu mupasitori mukuru muri Nigeria.

Sarah avuga ko yiboneye abantu bariha "amafaranga y’imbuto" bakoresheje amakarata y’ingurane (cartes de credits/ credit cards) mu misa.

"Ndibuka igihe kimwe mu rusengero umugore umwe yavuze ati: 'Maze igihe ntanga ic’icumi, kandi nsa n’uko gushika ubu ata mafaranga akwiye ndonka ukwezi guheze’”.

Sarah avuga ko inyishu ya pasitori yabaye kubwira abantu ko gutanga ituro ari vyo ngirakamaro gusumba kuriha inzu upanze. Avuga kandi ko umuntu wese yidoze abaza igituma ata bitangaro biza yabwirwa ati: “Ntiwasenze bikwiye, ntiwateye imbuto zikwiye. Nta kwemera gukwiye wagize”.

Avuga ko umugabo wiwe vyabaye ngombwa ko amuva iruhande, kubera yama ariko arabaza ibibazo – ariko bompi bahavuye baheba urwo rusengero.

Icizere conyene umuntu asigaranye

None ni kubera iki abandi baguma mu mashengero nk’aya?

Dr Jörg Haustein yigisha ibijanye n’amadini ya gikristu kw’isi kuri kaminuza ya Cambridge, avuga ko bishobora kwumvikana igituma abantu babandanya batanga ituro “kandi ata nyungu babona nk’uko bavyemerewe”.

Ku bantu baciriritse hamwe n’abagenda bisununura, ari nako bimeze muri uru rusengero rwa Sarah, Dr Haustein avuga ko Prosperity Gospel itanga "icizere co gutera imbere no kwisununura abantu bakavyishimira”.

Ariko kandi ishobora kuba ihumuriza ku boro, nk’uko abivuga.

Ati: "Ishengero rivuga riti 'turazi ko mugowe, kandi turafise inyishu nziza kandi yoroshe kuri mwebwe’, rizokwitabirwa cane gusumba iryemerera abantu impinduka zidafadika”.

Ariko nca mbaza nti none ni kubera iki abantu babandanya batanga n’aho vyosaba kubanza gusaba ideni?

Dr Haustein na we aca ambaza ati: "None ubwo si co kimwe no gukina itombora kandi ata ruhera na rumwe ufise?”.

"Ni ikintu gisa n’uko kizimbutse kuko ushobora gufata ideni ry’amafaranga makeya kuri terefone ukayatanga nk’umutahe kugira ngo urabe ko hari ico woharonkera.

"Ni vyo, harimwo n’ikintu co kubona ko ata yandi mahirwe ufise, iki gishobora kuba ari co cizere conyene umuntu asigaranye”.

Dusubiye muri Kenya, Evarline Okello avuga ko ivyo yaciyemwo bitamutumye atakaza ukwemera kwiwe.

"Si novuga ko urusengero ari rubi. Ishengero ni ryiza. Abapasitori nibo bakora nabi. Ni bo bariko barasaba amafaranga”.