Inyuma y'imyaka 80: Ingene Hitler yapfuye n'igipfungu ku bijanye n'aho ikiziga ciwe kiri

"Ikinyoma gisanzwe kiri mu mikenyuro nyamukuru y'Aba-Nazi, ibi bigatuma amakuru avuga ku bantu basa na Adolf Hitler akwiragira cane, ku buryo ivyo bivugwa n'ubundi bigumiza amakenga mu bantu benshi ko, uno muhinga mu kubesha yoba ariko agerageza kurementanya ikinyoma ca nyuma gikomeye mu kurondera kurokora igufa".

Iyi mburi yasohowe n'ikinyamakuru The New York Times, haraciye imyaka 80, yahavuye iba yo.

Iyi nkuru iteye ubwoba y'urupfu rw'uno mutegetsi w'Aba-Nazi be n'uko Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi yose yari hafi kurangira, yakiranywe amakenga yamaze imyaka mirongo.

Urupfu rwiwe rwatangajwe ku mugoroba wo ku wa 1 Rusama (5) 1945, na ho Radio Hamburg, isigura ko yari yapfuye ku muhingamo "ku kirindiro ciwe mu nyubakwa y'ibiro bikuru vya Reich, mu ntambara yiwe ya nyuma, arwana n'aba-Bolshevic, arwanira Ubudagi".

Ariko bukeye, umunyamakuru wa The New York Times yanditse ati: "Abapfungwa ba poritike b'Abadagi twavuganye, muri rusangi, ntibemera iyi nkuru. Bikeka ko iri tangazo ari ububeshi. Hitler yari umuntu w'amayeri ku buryo bamwe babona ko atari gushobora gupfa urupfu rw'iteka".

Kandi nkako, harabaye ibinyoma vyinshi.

Führer yatangajwe ko yapfuye incuro nyinshi

Inyuma y'aho Abasoviyeti bigaruriye Berlin (umugwa mukuru w'Ubudagi), hasohotse amakuru menshi atandukanye ku vyabaye. Aya makuru yagenda ahindadurika kandi avuguruzanya.

Ku wa 3 Rusama 1945, Armée Rouge/Red Army (igisirikare c'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti) yatangaje ko Hans Fritzsche, icegera c'umushikiranganji Joseph Goebbels yari ajejwe kwamamaza intwaro y'Aba-Nazi, yari yavuze ko Goebbels na Hitler bari biyahuye mu cumba co mu kuzimu (bunker) c'ino ndongozi y'Aba-Nazi ku biro bikuru vya reta i Berlin.

Kuri uwo musi nyene, iradiyo y'i Paris mu Bufaransa yatangaje ko yahawe amakuru ko Führer (bisigura indongozi mu rurimi rw'ikidagi, ari na ko Hitler yahamagarwa) yari yishwe mw'ijoro ryo ku wa 21 Ndamukiza (4), biturutse ku mpari n'abajenerali biwe ku bijanye n'uko bobandanya intambara.

Uko imisi yagenda niko havugwa vyinshi.

Itororokanirizo ry'amakuru ry'Ubuyapani Domei ryanditse ko yishwe mu gitero ca muzinga c'Abasoviyeti ku muhana wiwe.

Inkuru y'itororokanirizo ry'amakuru UP ryasubiyemwo uwahoze ari umutegetsi wo hejuru mu bushikiranganji bujejwe imigenderanire muri reta y'Aba-Nazi yemeza ko hari haciye imisi itari mike Hitler apfuye biturutse ku ngwara yo kuvirirana mu bwonko hanyuma agatwarwa ku mugwa mukuru w'Ubudagi kugira apfe nk'intwari.

Yavuga ati: "Aha urumva neza ko ikiziga ca Hitler kidashobora gutorwa".

Utwigoro two kurondera ikiziga ciwe twaboneka ko ataco twari gushikako.

Ku wa 4 Rusama, ibinyamakuru vy'Abasoviyeti vyavuze ko igisirikare cabo cari cananiwe no kwinjira ibiro bikuru vya reta y'Ubudagi - ari na ho hari ibiro vya Hitler – kubera vyariko biraka kandi biri hafi yo gusenyuka.

Haciye imisi ibiri, Abasoviyeti bavuze ko batoye ibiziga vyinshi mu biro vya reta, ariko ko ata na kimwe caboneka ko ari ica Hitler canke ica Goebbels.

Itororokanirizo AP ryanditse riri i Moscou (umugwa mukuru w'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti, ubu ni Uburusiya) riti: "Mu Barusiya, hari ikintu kitava mu mitwe yabo, ko amakuru yerekeye urupfu rw'abo bategetsi ari ubundi bubeshi bw'Aba-Nazi, ko Hitler n'abiwe ari bazima kandi ko binyegeje".

Ku wa 8 Rusama, umujenerali w'Umurusiya yatangaje ko mu bihomoka vya Berlin hatowe ikiziga cari carashwe amasasu menshi. Abakozi bo mu nzu yiwe barabonye ikiziga bemeza ko cari ica Hitler we nyawe, nubwo umwe mu bashoferi yavuze ko cari ikiziga c'umwe mu baboyi na we nyene yakoreshwa nk'umwe mu bo "basa" na Führer.

Muri Ruheshi (6) 1945, abategetsi b'Abasoviyeti bavuze ko ibisigarira vya Hitler bitari bwatorwe kandi ko vyashoboka ko yoba yari akiri muzima.

Muri iryo ci nyene, niho haciye hatangura kuzunguruka amakuru yavuga ko iyi ndongozi y'Aba-Nazi yari yabonywe mu turere dutandukanye twari kure na kure.

"Hitler yavugwa ko yaba ukwa wenyene mw'isenga hafi y'ikiyaga Garda mu buraruko bw'Ubutaliyano. Iyindi nkuru yavuga ko ari umwungere mu misozi ya Alpes mu Buswisi. Inkuru ya gatatu yavuga ko yakora muri casino imwe y'i Evian, mu Bufaransa. Yabonetse i Grenoble, St. Gallen mu Buswisi, eka mbere no ku nkengera z'ibahari muri Ireland," ni ko abahinga mu vya kahise Ada Petrova na Peter Watson banditse mu gitabo cabo "Urupfu wa Hitler".

Muri Mukakaro 1945, abategetsi ba Amerika bafashe ikete ryavuga ko Hitler yaba mw'iyororero rimwe muri Argentina, ryari ku birometero hafi 700 uvuye ku mugwa mukuru Buenos Aires. Iri kete ryarashikiriye umukuru w'igisata ca Amerika kijejwe igendereza ryo hagati mu gihugu (FBI) Edgar J. Hoover, vyarangiye aritesheje agaciro.

Uburiganya bw'Abasoviyeti

None ni ibiki vyabaye kuri Hitler neza na neza?

Inyuma y'igitero c'Abasoviyeti kuri Berlin muri Ndamukiza 1945, ingabo z'Abasoviyeti zarigaruriye amahungiro ya Führer ku biro vya reta y'Ubudagi.

Ku wa 2 Rusama, ingabo zo mu gisata c'Abasoviyeti kijejwe kurwanya ba maneko - kizwi nka Smersh – zaragose ikigo c'ibiro bikuru vya reta hamwe n'inzu yo mu kuzimu ari naho ino ndongozi y'Aba-Nazi yari yinyegeje kuva muri Nzero (1) igihe igisirikare c'Abasoviyeti cariko kirinjira mu Budagi cinjiriye muri Pologne.

Igikorwa co guhiga ikiziga ciwe cakozwe mw'ibanga ntangere, gushika n'aho, nk'uko vyandikwa n'umuhinga mu vya kahise Anthony Beevor, na Mareshari (Marshal) Georgy Zhukov/Gueorgui Joukov yari arongoye ingabo z'Abasoviyeti zakoze igitero kuri Berlin yabujijwe kwinjira ku mvo z'uko "ico kibanza kitari gitekanye".

Ico gihe nyene, baciye batangura gusambisha abakozi bose bashoboye gutora. Nk'uko Beevor abivuga, Moscou yariko irakurikiranira hagufi cane kandi icungereye cane iki gikorwa.

Beevor yanditse mu nkuru yasohowe na The New York Times ati: "(Josef) Stalin yari akeneye cane kwama aronka amakuru y'umujenerali wa NKVD, igisata c'igendereza imbere ya KGB, yarungitswe kugira ngo ahagararire isambishwa ry'aba bakozi. Yahawe umurongo wa terefone utekanye kandi utanga amakuru afobetse kugira ngo ashobore kwama arungika icegeranyo i Moscou uko igikorwa cose co gusambisha aba bantu kirangiye".

Ku wa 5 Rusama, abakozi ba Smersh baratoye ibiziga vya Hitler n'umugore wiwe, Eva Braun, vyari vyahambwe mu kinogo cimbwe n'ikibombe mw'itongo ryarimwo ibiro bikuru vya reta.

Ibi biziga vyari vyasutsweko igitoro biraturirwa. Ikiziga ca Hitler caragoye kumenya, ku buryo vyabaye ngombwa ko bagishikanye mu buruhukiro, bamukuye igisakanwa kugira ngo bashobore kumumenya barabiye ku menyo yiwe.

Ibi vyagiye gukunda inyuma y'imisi mike igihe Abasoviyeti babona Käthe Heusermann, yari ajejwe ubuzima bw'amenyo ya Führer, ari na we yabahaye vyose ku bijanye n'ingene yamuvura hamwe n'amakuru yaronderwa, ibi bikaba vyatumye bemeza ko koko yari we.

Ivyigwa vyakozwe n'abaganga b'amenyo mu nyuma vyaremeje mu 1973 yuko iki kiziga cari catowe cari koko ica Adolf Hitler vy'ukuri.

Kuva mu mva imwe uja ku yindi

Mu gitabo ciwe yise "Berlin, Impeshi ya 1945", Beevor yanditse ati: "Biboneka ko umukenyuro wa Stalin wari uwo gufatanya Uburengero n'Ubu-Nazi, bikamera nk'aho Abongereza canke Abanyamerika bategerezwa kuba bariko barabihisha".

Ku bwa Luke Daly-Groves, umwigisha w'ivya kahise kuri Kaminuza ya Leeds, uno mutegetsi w'intwaro ya gikomunista yari afise intego ya poritike.

Daly-Groves yanditse mu kinyamakuru New Statesman ati: "Yari azi ko Abasoviyeti babonye ibisigarira vya Führer igihe yavuga ko Hitler yashobora kuba yahungiye muri Espagne canke muri Argentine. Ariko mu kuvuga ivyo, vyaramufashije mu gucuvya abakeba biwe muri poritike, binamufasha guhagarara neza mu ntambara zo kwiyagurira uburere".

Amaherezo, ugutsindwa kw'Aba-Nazi kwatumye hatangura ya Ntambara yo Kurabana ay'ingwe (Guerre froide/Cold War).

Abasoviyeti bari bahagaze neza cane mu kurwanira poritike yabo: ni bo bonyene bafashe bongera bagenzura Berlin kuva muri Rusama(5) gushika mu ntango za Mukakaro (7) 1945, igihe yagaburwa hagati y'ibihugu vyari vyishize hamwe mu runani.

Vyongeye, mu kiringo c'imyaka itari mike, barafashe bongera bagira impfungwa abatari bake mu bari muri iyo nzu yo mu kuzimu ya Hitler, harimwo uwari ajejwe isuku mu cumba ciwe, Heinz Linge; uwamuherekeza ku rubuga, Otto Günsch; be n'umudereva wiwe w'indege, Hans Baur.

Mu kugerageza kunyegeza ukuri, Heusermann, wa muganga yamuvura amenyo yafashije gutora ikiziga ciwe, bamupfungiye ahantu hatazwi. Inyuma y'imyaka itandatu apfungiwe mu cumba ca wenyene, yagiriwe n'icaha co kugira uruhara mu kuvura amenyo ya Führer ku bushake.

Ibisigarira vya Hitler vyagumye mu minwe y'ingabo za Smersh zabitoye. Buri gihe izi ngabo zunguruje zikaja ahandi, zaravyimukana.

Ni co gituma yahambwe mw'ishamba riri mu micungararo ya Berlin, hanyuma yungururirzwa mu gisagara ca Rathenow (mu ntara ya Brandenburg), biza kurangira ahambwe mu kigo cashinzwe n'Abasoviyeti mu 1946 i Magdeburg, hagati mu Budagi amaja mu buseruko.

Mu 1968 niho igitabu canditswe na Lev Bezymenski, umunyamakuru w'Umusoviyeti akaba n'umukozi w'igendereza yagize uruhara mu gitero ca nyuma cabereye i Berlin, cahishura ido n'ido ry'amadosiye ya Moscou kuri Hitler, hamwe n'ibipimo ku mubiri wiwe.

Mu 2009, ni ho Uburusiya bwatangaza ko ibisigarira vya Hitler vyaturiwe mu 1970, umunyota ugatabwa mu ruzi Biederitz kugira ngo uruhapfu rwiwe ntiruzohave ruba icibutso c'Aba-Nazi.

Iyi ngingo yafashwe bisabwe na Yuri Andropov yari arongoye KGB ico gihe, inyuma y'uko Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti bwemeye ko ikigo ca Magdeburg gishirwa mu minwe y'Ubudagi bw'Ubuseruko.

Hagati aho, Moscou yaragumanye igisakanwa ca Hitler kiriko n'amenyo yiwe ku cicaro ca FSB (yahindutsemwo KGB), igice c'uruhanga rwiwe naco kibikwa mu nzu ndangamurage y'igihugu.

Hagati y'isumu n'urusasu

Icegeranyo catanzwe muri Munyonyo (11) 1945 n'umuhinga mu vya kahise Hugh Trevor-Roper, yakora mw'igendereza ry'Ubwongereza mu Ntambara ya kabiri y'Isi yose kandi yari ajejwe gutohoza urupfu rwa Führer, yabandanije yemeza ko Hitler yiyahuye hafi isaha icenda n'igice z'umurango (15h30) ku wa 30 Ndamukiza 1945, ari kumwe na Eva Braun yari yarongoye umusi umwe imbere y'aha.

Yirashishije inkoho yiwe ntoya mu kanwa, mu gihe vyavugwa ko yari yihaye ikinini ca cyanide.

Ibi siko igitabo ca Bezymenski kibibona, nubwo na co nyene kivuga ko ku kiziga ca Hitler hari "igice kimwe c'umutwe wiwe kibuze".

Mu 2016, Jean-Christophe Brisard na Lana Parshina barahawe uburenganzira butoyi bwo kwinjira mu nzu ndangamurage y'Uburusiya, hamwe no mu nyandiko za gisirikare n'igipolisi zijanye n'urupfu rwa Hitler.

Nk'uko ivyegeranyo bibivuga, mu menyo ya Hitler haratowemwo uduce tw'ibicupacupa, ibi bigasigura ko yihaye cyanide, bakaba bibajije nimba koko yoba yarirashe.

Mu kiganiro n'ikinyamakuru Times of Israel mu 2018, Parshina yavuze ko Hitler yerekanye ibimenyetso vy'ingwara ya Parkinson mu misi yiwe ya nyuma, ivyatumye yibaza ukungene yoba yarirashishije ukuboko kw'i buryo kandi yari asanzwe arwaye iyo ngwara.

Ku ruhande rwiwe, Brisard ashimangira ko ata kimenyetso na kimwe cerekana urusasu mu kanwa ka Hitler, nubwo yemeza ko bishoboka akaba yarasavye uwundi muntu yizeye – nk'umujenama wiwe Heinz Linge – kumurasa amaze kwiha iyo sumu.

Ayandi makuru avuga ko yiyahuye mu kwiha isumu, hanyuma akaza gupfira mu rusengero.

Uko biri kwose, abahinga baremera muri rusangi ko ikiziga catowe n'ingabo z'Abasoviyeti ari ica Hitler kandi ko inkuru yatangajwe na Radio Hambourg ku wa 1 Rusama 1945, itari yo ku mvo zibiri nyamukuru: ino ndongozi y'Aba-Nazi ntiyari yapfuye kuri uwo musi, kandi ikiruta vyose, ntiyapfiriye ku rugamba.

Igihe yapfa, ntiyari ahabona, ahubwo yariko arihisha kugira ngo ntahave apfa urw'agashinyaguro nk'uko vyagendeye mugenziwe Benito Mussolini w'Ubutaliyano – hakaba hari haciye imisi ibiri amenyeshejwe inyongwa ryiwe – canke ngo ahave ashirwa imbere y'intahe kugira ngo asambishwe ku mabi yari yakoze.

Uno mugabo yari yiyemeje kwubaka ubwami bwomaze imyaka igihumbi yahavuye yomorwa inyuma y'imyaka 12 yari amaze ku butegetsi, asuka isi yose mu muriro n'amaraso, asiga Ubulaya ari umunyota, Ubudagi nabwo ari umusaka kandi bwigaruriwe n'amahanga.