EU igiye kwikora kuri Africa, US na Norway mu gusubiriza gaze ya Russia

Iyugarwa ry'umuringoti ushikana gaze muri Pologne na Bulgaria uyikuye mu Burusiya ryateye umutima uhagaze ibihugu vya Bulaya none biriko birondera ayandi masoko ntanganguvu yosubirira gaze yatangwa na Moscou.

Kremlin (ibiro vy'umukuru w'igihugu w'Uburusiya) yari yagabishije ko kuva ku wa 01 Ndamukiza (4), kuriha gaze bitegerezwa gukorwa mu ma roubles/rubles (ifaranga ry'Uburusiya), ivyo amakungu yiyamirije.

Ingingo y'Uburusiya, isoko rikuru rya gaze ikoreshwa i Bulaya, yafashwe mu kwihora ibihugu vy'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya. Gaze bugurisha i Bulaya ni ikirwanisho gikomeye. Imbere y'intambara ya Ukraine, 40% ya gaze yose Ubulaya bwakoresha yava muri kompanyi y'Uburusiya, Gazprom.

Abahinga babona ko igipfungu giterwa n'iyi ntambara kw'isi gituma ibiciro biduga kandi hakaba n'ubwoba ko gaze ishobora kudasubira kugurishwa mu bindi bihugu vy'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya.

Ariko none ni nde ashobora kuzibira igihengeri kizoterwa n'Uburusiya mu gihe bworamuka bufashe ingingo yo kudasubira kugurisha gaze kuri uwu mugabane?

Levon Kameryan, umuhinga mu kigo Scope Ratings, avuga ati: "Mu kiringo ca hafi, ibihugu vy'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya bishobora kutagira ingorane mu gihe Uburusiya bwohagarika gushorerayo gaze yabwo mu ci, kubera gaze yavuye muri Amerika na Qatar, iyiri mu bubiko hamwe n'igabanuka ry'abayikeneye".

Hagati aho, yongerako y'uko n'aho ibi vyokunda, "ibiciro vy'umurengera bishobora kugira ingaruka mbi kw'inagurwa ry'ubutunzi bwa Bulaya".

Igihugu ca mbere Ubulaya bwikozeko ni Reta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika.

Iki gihugu rutura kw'isi caremeye kwongereza gaze kirungika i Bulaya gushika kw'ilitiro zingana n'imiriyaridi 15.000 zizokwiyongera ku zindi litiro imiriyaridi 22.000 zo mu mwaka uheze.

Ariko Uburusiya bushora ilitiro miriyaridi 155.000 buri mwaka, rero ibi bikumvikana ko kwugara amariba y'Uburusiya bisaba ayandi masoko.

Norvège, nk'igihugu kiri hafi kandi cimbura nyinshi cane, kiri mu bihugu Ubumwe bwa Bulaya bushobora kwikorako, n'aho ibihugu nk'Ubudagi vyamaze gutsimbataza ubucuti na Qatar canke Reta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abarabu (UAE).

Kubera ubwinshi bwayo mu nyanja, ico gihugu co mu buraruko kigira gatatu kw'isi mu bihugu bishora gaze inyuma y'Uburusiya na Qatar, 20% y'iyikoreshwa i Bulaya ikaba ari yo iva, mbere kikaba ari co gihugu conyene co muri uwo mugabane nyene kiwushorera gaze.

Abakiriya baco bakuru bakuru ni Ubudagi, Ubwongereza, Ubuholande n'Ubufaransa, Norvège ikaba ifise imiringoti yinjira muri ivyo bihugu itaziguye, iciye mu nyanja ya Ruguru (Mer du Nord /North Sea).

Ikompanyi nkuru ya Norvège yimbura gaze, Equinor, ivuga ko itegura kwongereza iyo ishorera i Bulaya mu mezi ari imbere.

Kubera Equinor ari kompanyi y'igihugu, reta ya Norvège niyo yafashe iyi ngingo yatumye iyisanzwe yimburwa iduzwa ikagera ku malitiro imiriyaridi 1400.

Mu kwa kabiri, umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Norvège Jonas Gahr Store yarahumurije ibihugu vya Bulaya ko iki gihugu kizobandanya kibishorera gaze nyinshi.

"Norvège ibandanya ishora gaze yose ishobora gushora. Reta iriko iravugana n'amakompanyi ajejwe kwimbura no gushora gaze mu miringoti, kandi ubu arashora gaze ikwiye neza", niko Jonas Gahr Store yasiguye.

"Equinor nayo nyene iriko irihweza ayandi masoko, ikabona ko isoko rikuru rishobora kuba iriba rikomeye cane rya Troll", ibi bigasigurwa n'abahinga b'ikigo gukurikirana ibijanye n'amasoko ntanganguvu, Rystad Energy.

Mu cegeranyo cayo, Rystad Energy yandika iti: "Mu gihe Norvège yokwongereza gaze mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose, vyogabanya igihengeri ca gaze i Bulaya kandi ikabufasha kutazera uburaro n'umuramuko kuri gaze y'Uburusiya".

Norvège kandi ifise amariba abiri yimbura gaze ikwiye neza: Oseberg na Heidrun.

Bararonderera no muri Afrika

Algeria, Nigeria, Tanzania n'ibindi bihugu vya Afrika navyo nyene biriko birakurikiranirwa hagufi n'amakompanyi makuru makuru adandariza gaze i Bulaya ubu akaba ariko aragerageza kugiriranira amasezerano n'uwu mugabane.

Abahinga mu bijanye n'amakompanyi bavuga bati: "Gushika ubu, amakompanyi makuru makuru y'igitoro na gaze BP, Shell, ExxonMobil hamwe n'iyindi yegukira reta ya Norvège Equinor, aramaze kumenyesha ko ashaka kuvavanura n'Uburusiya, mu gihe Total nayo ata mitahe mishasha izosubira gushorayo".

Mu myaka cumi iheze, 18% ya gaze yinjira i Bulaya yava muri Afrika, ubu ikaba iriko itegura kwongereza uru rugero.

"Gaze yimburwa na Afrika muri kino gihe yitezwe gutangura kwiyongera mu gice ca kabiri c'ino myaka cumi mu gihe hari ayandi mariba agenda atorwa. Aya mariba mashasha ashobora gutuma gaze nshasha yimburwa ku muvuduko munini".

Batanga akarorero nk'ikompanyi Eni y'Ubutaliyano igiye kwongereza gaze muri Congo, ikaba ifise intumbero yo gufasha kuyishikana i Bulaya iyikuye muri Algeria, Misiri, Nigeria na Angola.

Ku ruhande rwayo, amakompanyi Shell, Equinor na ExxonMobil afise integuro zikomeye muri Tanzania.

Amasoko mashasha

Mu buryo bumwe, Pologne na Bulgaria vyari vyamaze kwitegurira kuvavanura n'Uburusiya bivanye n'uko imiringoti ya gaze y'Ubulaya yubatswe ku buryo ishobora gushikana gaze mu bindi bihugu bisangiye ishirahamwe, nk'uko Norbert Rücker umuhinga mu vyo ubutunzi mw'ibanki Julius Baer yo mu Buswisi, abivuga.

Uyu muhinga ati: "Ibi bihugu vyompi, bifashijwe n'Ubumwe bwa Bulaya, bimaze igihe vyitegurira ibi kuva mu myaka mike iheze, mbere bikaba biri mu vya mbere vyatangaje ko ata yandi masezerano bizogiriranira n'Uburusiya muri uno mwaka".

Rücker yibutsa ko imiringoti ibiri ya gaze iri mu gutangura kwubakwa hagati muri uno mwaka, ikazofatanya Pologne na Bulgaria n'imiringoti ya Bulaya, ibi bikazotuma ibi bihugu bironka gaze ivuye muri Norvège canke mu bindi bihugu.

Umwe muri yo ni uwitwa Baltic Pipe hagati ya Norvège na Pologne uciye muri Danemark.

Mu gihe worangira "mu mpera z'uno mwaka, mu kw'icumi canke ukw'icumi na rimwe", nk'uko umushikiranganji wa mbere wa Pologne Mateusz Morawiecki abivuga, uzotuma gaze ingana n'amalitiro imiriyaridi 10.000 ya gaze iva muri Norvège ishobora gushika muri Pologne buri mwaka, igatuma iki gihugu kironka inusu y'iyo gikeneye.