Uko twibeshya ku akarinda/akarangabusugi 'hymen'

Akarindabusugi - cyangwa akarangabusugi, nkuko bamwe bakita - kabaye igipimo n'ikigeragezo mu myaka amagana. Ni gute umugani kuri ko warangira?

Inyandiko ya Sophia Smith Galer

Umuntu umwe kuri internet yandikira Sarras Sarras amubaza ati: "Ese ndi isugi?" Sarras ntiyari azi neza icyo gusubiza. Ni ubwa mbere uyu mugore yari abajijwe iki kibazo kijyanye n'imiterere y'igitsina cy'umugore.

Icyo gihe, Sarras yari ashinzwe page ya Facebook ya Love Matters Arabic, itanga inyigisho ku mbuga nkoranyambaga ku rukundo n'ibitsina mu Cyarabu.

Sarras ati: "Yambwiye ko yari mu mubano w'urukundo kandi agiye kuba fiancée ariko ashaka kumenya neza niba ari isugi." Aceceka akanya gato, maze ati: "Nanga iri jambi: maftuuha - yambazaga niba ari ko ameze, yabazaga niba 'yarafunguwe'".

Icyo yabazaga Sarras mu by'ukuri, anamwoherereje ifoto y'igitsina cye, ni ukumurebera niba abona akarangabusugi (hymen) ke - akamubwira niba kakiri "muryerye".

Ibi biva ku gitutu cyo mu muryango w'abantu iwabo cyo gushyingira umukobwa w'isugi, maze umugabo akabishimangira abonye amaraso.

Imyumvire ko 'hymen' itanga "ikimenyetso" nyacyo cy'amateka y'umugore mu mibonano mpuzabitsina, ituma habaho ibyo bita gupima ubusugi, umugenzo wamaganwe na OMS/WHO mu 2018 nko guhonyora uburenganzira bwa muntu.

Uko gupima gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye; kuva ku gupima uko 'hymen' ireshya, kuba igitsina hari imikaya kibuze, cyangwa mu ijoro ry'ubukwe aho bategereza amashuka ariho amaraso, ndetse akerekwa imiryango yombi.

Mu gihe ibi byose bidafite ishingiro rya siyanse - mu gihe kandi ubusugi ubwabwo ari imyumvire ya sosiyete kurusha ukuri k'umubiri - miliyoni nyinshi z'abantu ku isi baracyemera ko amateka y'umugore mu mibonano mpuzabitsina asobanurwa gusa no kuva amaraso bwa mbere iyo ayikoze.

Ariko mu by'ukuri si ukuri, ariko iyo myumvire iboneka mu ndimi, mu kwemera, no mu mico inyuranye ahantu henshi ku isi.

Mu gitabo cyanjye, 'Losing It', ngerageza gushushanya ishusho y'icyo kintu cyabaye umugani - hymen - aho uwo mugani wemerwa, ndetse niba ari ikintu gifite ishingiro muri siyanse gituma gikomeza kugira imbaraga.

Nabonye ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwa siyanse buvuguruza uyu mugani. Ariko nanavumbuye isi aho abaganga bamwe bashimangira biriya bitekerezo, inzego nyinshi zibyemera, n'aho banga neza neza kumva amakuru y'ukuri kuri 'hymen'.

Uturindabusugi turatandukanye cyane

Akarindabusugi ni akagingo gato k'imisusire y'uruhu, gashobora kuboneka hafi y'urwinjiriro rw'igitsina cy'umugore. Biratangaje ukuntu uru rugingo rushobora kuba nta cyo rumaze, rwagizwe ikintu gikomeye bidafite ishingiro.

Hari impaka zimwe mu bahanga muri siyanse mbere na mbere ku mpamvu habaho 'hymen'.

Yaba ari agasigazwa ko mu kwirema k'umubiri w'umuntu kuva kera? Yaba iriho ngo ifashe kurinda imyanda yo mu kibuno kwinjira mu gitsina mu gihe cy'ubwana? Nta muntu ubizi neza.

Uru rugingo ariko rusa n'urufite ukundi rumeze mu bindi biremwa - urugero nko mu mbeba z'ikizungu 'hymen' yazo irashonga ikavaho iyo zigiye ahashyushye, ikongera ikagaruka iyo zihavuye. Kuri 'hymen' y'abantu yo ibyo ntibishoboka.

Abantu bemera bibeshya ko akarindabusugi gafunga igitsina, ariko ntibabone ko ibyo byaba bivuze ko umugore atabasha kujya mu mihango (hari abagore bacye bagira ubwo burwayi bikaba ngombwa ko 'hymen' ibagwa kugira ngo ifungure iyo nzira).

Ahubwo, 'hymens' nyinshi zigira ishusho ijya kuba uruziga cyangwa ukwezi kw'igisate, zigakomera cyangwa zikorohera mu buryo butandukanye.

Bacye muri twe twabwiwe ko 'hymen' ishobora guhindukana n'imyaka, ko bamwe muri twe tutayivukana, ko ishobora no kuvaho gusa mu gihe tugeze imyaka y'ubukure. Cyangwa se ko n'imirimo imwe n'imwe iyikwedura cyangwa ikayica, kuva ku myitozo ngororamubiri, ku mihango, ndetse yego no ku mibonano mpuzabitsina yinjiramo.

Ariko ibi byose ntibiha ishingiro igitekerezo cyo gupima niba umuntu yarakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina ukoresheje igipimo cy'akarindabusugi.

Ubushakashatsi buto ku bagore 36 batwite batarageza imyaka 20 bwakozwe mu 2004, bwerekanye ko abaganga babashije kubona "ibimenyetso byo kwinjiramo nyabyo" kuri babiri gusa.

Ubundi nabwo bwakozwe mu 2004 bwasanze 52% by'abakobwa b'abangavu bakora imibonano mpuzabitsina "nta mpinduka ziboneka ku rugingo rwa hymen rwabo".

'Amaraso ku mashuka'

Amaraso ku mashuka ni kimwe mu bipimo by'ubusugi ahatandukanye ku isi, na byo bishingiye ku binyoma.

Uturindabusugi tumwe na tumwe dushobora kuva amaraso mu gihe dukweduwe mu gihe icyo gikorwa gihutiweho, ariko amaraso ashobora no kuva mu gukuba inkuta z'igitsina gore kubera gukoresha ingufu no kubura ububobere.

Kuva amaraso mu gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina bwa mbere, bishobora kubaho cyangwa ntibibeho, kimwe n'uko kuva bishobora kubaho cyangwa ntibibeho n'ikindi gihe muri iki gikorwa.

Impamvu zo kuva amaraso mu mibonano zirimo kugira igihunga, kutaba ubobereye byuzuye cyangwa kugira kuba umuntu yari afite ubundi burwayi.

Ubwo umuganga w'inzobere mu kubaga yakurikiranaga abaganga bagenzi be b'abagore 41, ababaza niba baravuye amaraso bakora imibonano bwa mbere cyangwa batarayavuye, 63% bamubwiye ko nta yo bavuye.

Ariko mu bihugu bigikomeje gushimangira agaciro k'ubusugi no kugenzura imibonano mpuzabitsina y'abagore, hari urubuga ruto rwo kumva ibivugwa na siyanse.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu 2011 na Dicle University yo muri Turkiya, bwasanze 72% by'abanyeshuri b'abagore na 74% by'abagabo bemera ko 'hymen' ari ikirango cy'ubusugi; 30% by'abagabo bavuze ko "amashuka ariho amaraso" aba akwiye kwerekwa imiryango nyuma y'ijoro ry'ubukwe.

Ibi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku gutuma abagore babona ubuvuzi bukwiye ku gitsina, kubabuza kugenzura abo ari bo mu by'igitsina, bikaba byanatera umunabi ku mibonano mpuzabitsina.

Inyigo yakorewe i Giza mu Misiri yasanze abagore benshi mu babajijwe baragize ubwoba bukabije mbere mu ijoro ry'ubukwe bwabo, hamwe n'umubabaro n'ihungabana mbere na nyuma y'imibonano, kubera gusa ibitekerezo ku busugi na 'hymen'.

Mu nyigo yakozwe ku banyeshuri bo muri kaminuza muri Liban mu 2013, hafi 43% by'abagore babajijwe bavuze ko badashobora gukora imibonano mbere yo gushyingirwa kubera gutinya kutava amaraso mu ijoro ry'ubukwe bwabo.

Ubundi bushakashatsi nabwo muri Liban bwakozwe mu 2017, bwasanze ku bagore 416 babajijwe, 40% muri bo bavuze ko bahisemo imibonano ikorewe mu kibuno cyangwa mu kanwa kugira ngo barengere 'hymen' yabo.

Ibinyoma by'abaganga

Ibivugwa ku karangabusugi ntabwo bigira ingaruka ku buzima bw'igitsina bw'abagore gusa, ahubwo no ku busumbane - bishobora no kubangamira kubona ubutabera kwabo.

Vuba aha ni bwo Pakistan yaciye ibyo gupima ubusugi nk'ikimenyetso mu rukiko mu birego byo gufatwa ku ngufu, mu bihugu byinshi cyane cyane muri Aziya no mu burasirazuba bwo hagati, muri Africa ya ruguru n'epfo, hari henshi bakibikora.

Kandi abaganga benshi ku isi baracyatanga serivisi zihenze zo kubaga ngo basubiranye akarangabusugi ku bagore batakigafite bafite ubwoba ko bimenyekana.

Nandika igitabo cyanjye - umwaka umwe mbere y'uko Ubwongereza bubuza ibi bikorwa na bamwe mu baganga, mu kwa mbere 2022 - nandikiye umuganga w'inzobere mu kubaga mubaza kuri serivisi yo gupima ubusugi.

Umukozi we yansubije ko nabona raporo ya muganga yemeza ko mfite akarangabusugi kakiri muryerye maze gusuzumwa niba ngafite nkishyura £300 (hafi 400,000Frw). Naba ntagafite nkabagwa ngo bagasubiranye nkishyura £5,400 (7,000,000 Frw) - nyuma ngahabwa raporo nk'iyo.

Nubwo ibi birimo guhindurwa icyaha mu Bwongereza, ariko kuri internet abaganga bamwe bakomeje kwemeza ko gusubiranya 'hymen' bishobora "gufasha abagore bangiritse ku gitsina kubera imibonano cyangwa ibikorwa by'ingufu". (Ariko se niba 'hymen' nta kamaro kazwi ifite k'umubiri, ni iyihe nyungu iri mu kubaga hariya?)

Ibinyoma bikwiriye kandi ku mbuga z'amavuriro hamwe na hamwe ku isi, ko uko kubaga "gusubiza umuntu ubusugi", nkuko umuganga umwe wo muri Liban abivuga. Ko uko kubaga "gusubiza hymen uko yahoze by'umwimerere", nk'uko undi w'i New York abivuga.

Umugani kuri hymen warangizwa gute?

Kumenyekanisha bumwe muri ubu bushakashatsi ni byo byaherwaho, hamwe no gukurikirana mu mategeko bimwe mu bikorwa byo gupima ubusugi no kubuza bamwe mu baganga kuyobya abantu.

Ikibazo si uko bimwe muri ibi bitekerezo bimaze imyaka amagana n'amagana, ahubwo ni uko binashyigikirwa n'ibindi bidashaka na gato kumva ibyo siyanse ivuga.

Niba wemera ibitekerezo bishingiye ku muco gusa ku busugi, ugashyigikira ubusumbane bw'umugabo n'umugore bubiri inyuma, hakenewe impinduka zikomeye muri sosiyete kugira ngo uhindure imyumvire.

Iyi nkuru yifashishijeibiri mu gitabo'Losing It: Sex Education for the 21st Century'.