Ethiopia: Uko intambara yo muri Tigray yahindutse indwano yo hagati mu gihugu

Intambara yo mu ntara ya Tigray yo mu buraruko bwa Ethiopia ubu yahavuye iba indwano yo hagati mu gihugu iteye impungenge zo kumanyagura ico gihugu no guhungabanya akarere kose.

Abagararije ubutegetsi batumbereje ibitero berekeza mu bumanuko bagana umurwa mukuru mpuzantara, Addis Ababa, bituma umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy Ahmed, yaronse agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel akaba yanahoze ari umusikirikare w'ipete rya lieutenant colonel - aja ku rugamba kuyobora ingabo z'igihugu.

Aho indwano ikomereye gusumba vyaciye bituma abanyamahanga baturuka mu bihugu vya Buraya n'abakozi badakenewe cane ba ONU bava muri ico gihugu, bavuga ko umutekano wunyutse.

Inyuma y'indwano yo mu gihugu mu myaka ya 1970 na 1980, Ethiopia yaciye iba kimwe mu bihugu vy'ubutunzi bwihuta cane kuduga muri Afrika, yongera iba inkingi y'amaragamo mu karere.

None ubu intureka ihitana abantu yakwiye igihugu iturutse mu karere k'abagarariji bo muri Tigray aho intambara yatanguriye, ikwira intara ya Amhara bihana urubibe mu buraruko bushira uburengero na Afar mu buraruko bushira ubuseruko.

Intsinzi za vuba z'ingabo z'igihugu ku rugamba nta kinini zagize kugira zivaneho ubwoba bw'indwano iguma ikomera aho imaze kugwamwo abantu ibihumbi , abaharurwa muri za miriyoni nabo bagateshwa izabo.

'Umuzo wa kabiri' wa TPLF

Umugambwe Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) wagararije ubutegetsi uvuga ko ibitero vyawo vyo mu bumanuko bigamije kugondoza reta kugira ireke ukwugarana intara ya Tigray kwatumye ugutumatumanako no gushikira imfashanyo y'abari mu kaga bigorana cane.

Ariko, ubutegetsi bwa Abiy bwagirije abagararije gukwiragiza bakoresheje ibigwanisho ko hakenewe ko intwaro ihinduka, bigarukana ubwoba ko TPLF ishaka kugaruka ku butegetsi.

TPLF yamaze imyaka 27 yiganziye urubuga rwa poritike muri Ethiopia inyuma yo gushoza intanbara y'ubugarariji nk'iyo y'ubu mu 1991 kuri reta ya gi-komunista.

Ubutegetsi bwabo bwashikanye igihugu kw'iyubakwa ry'ibikorwa remezo vyinshi vyadugije cane ubutunzi bwa Ethiopia, ariko buca burangwa n'agacinyizo ka poritike n'imibano.

Ico ca nyuma nico cateye imyiyerekano yo kwanka reta yatumye Abiy ashika ku butegetsi muri Ndamukiza (ukwezi kwa 4) mu 2018 aho yaca atanguza impinduka z'imibano, poritike n'umutekano.

Mu kurwanya iyo reta, TPLF yaciye yunga ubucuti bwo gukomeza ubushobozi bwayo bwo kugwana no kwongereza igihagararo cayo inyuma yo gushigikirwa n'imigambwe ishingiye ku bwoko itavuga rumwe n'umushikiranganji wa mbere.

Akamo ko kwitaba uruganba kaguma kiyongera

Iyo ntambara ubwa mbere yari hagati ingabo za TPLF n'ingabo z'igihugu, zishigikiwe n'utugwi tw'abigenza nk'abagwanyi two muri Amhara hamwe n'ingabo za Eritrea.

Indongozi za TPLF zaromowe mu minsi mike, ariko ubugarariji bwariko burarandagata muri Tigray hagati, bwunyura ibintu vyari bisanzwe bimeze nabi ku buryo abantu babayeyo.

Abantu barenga 90% y'ababa muri iyo ntara -bashika miriyoni 5,2 - bakeneye imfashanyo yihuta, nk'uko ONU ibigereranya.

Abaharurwa mu bihumbi barahungiye mu gihugu kibanyi ca Sudan -naco gisanzwe kiri mu bibazo bijanye n'itembagazwa ry'ubutegetsi.

Inyeshamba zahuje umwanya wo gufata umurwa mukuru w'intara Mekelle mu kwezi kwa gatandatu n'igihe Ethiopia yari irindiriye ibiva mu matora kugira bahungabanye ukwemerwa kwa Abiy Ahmed.

Inyeshamba zimaze gushikana intambara hakurya y'imbibe za Tigray, imigwi yitwara nk'ingabo yo mu ntara zishingiye ku moko zirimwo Somali na Oromia yaciye yinjiramwo.

Akamo umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy yagumye atera k'uko abantu bafata ibigwanisho kugira batangire inyeshamba katumye ikoreshwa ry'ibigwanisho rirushirizaho guhabwa ikibanza.

Mw'itangazo ryahavuye rifutwa kuri Facebook ku wa 4 Munyonyonyo (ukwezi kwa 11) kubera ryashobora kugumura, Abiy yavuze ati: "Ni inshingano z'umwe umwe muri twebwe gupfira Ethiopia. Nico gituma abantu bategerezwa kubanza gushira ivyabo ku ruhande hanyuma bitunganye mu buryo bwemewe hanyuma baje ahabona n'ikigwanisho cose n'ubushobozi bashobora kuronka kugira bazibire kandi bahambe abaterabwoba ba TPLF, biyemeje gusambura."

Amasura ya kera, ubucuti bushasha

Intumbero y'igihugu ya Abiy yerekanye intege nke zikiri mu ntwaro y'intara nyinshi zishingiye ku moko zigahurira kuri reta imwe , nk'uko biri mw'ibwirizwa nshingiro ryo mu 1994.

N'ubwo iryo bwirizwa nshingiro ryarondera kwongera imigwi y'amoko uburenganzira bwo gutunganya ivy'intara zayo, imwe imwe yabandanije gahunda zo kurondera kuronka ubwigenge bwuzuye kuva Abiy ashitse ku butegetsi.

Mu kwezi kw'umunani, TPLF yagiraniye urunani n'umuhari w'abitwaje ibigwanisho ba Oromo (Oromo Liberation Army, OLA) wo mu bwoko nyamwinshi muri Ethiopia ariko bwagumye bukumirwa n'intwaro zari zagiye zirakurikirana.

Abiy niwe yabaye uwa mbere wo mu bwoko bw'aba Oromo yagiye mu kibanza c'umushikiranganji wa mbere.

Ariko reta imaze gufata igapfunga abanyeporitike bakomeye b'aba-Oromo, OLA yaciye ikora ikomeza kutavuga rumwe n'umushikiranganji wa mbere.

. Urunani rwa OLA na TPLF rwatumye abagwanya reta bafata ibisagara bikomakomeye muri Amhara -harimwo Kemise, Dessie na Kombolcha - uko baguma basugereza umurwa mukuru.

Ugusugereza umurwa mukuru kwaranakomejwe no gushigikirwa n'iyindi migwi ya poritike n'iyitwaje ibigwanisho icenda, na cane cane ishingiye mu mahanga yakangisha gukura umushikiranganji wa mbere.

Reta ya Ethiopia kuva ico gihe imaze gutangaza ko yaguruje bimwe mu bisagara vyari vyafashwe n'abayirwanya.

Abizeye ibiganiro barazerutse

Itariki indwi za Munyonyo (ukwezi kwa 11) , intumwa y'ishirahamwe rya Africa (AU), uwahoze ari umukuru wa Nigeria Olusegun Obasanjo, yari yatanze icizere ko impande zirwana zari zugurukiye ibiganiro.

Ariko inyeshamba n'umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy bakomeje guterana ibidashika.

Umukuru wa TPLF Debretsion Gebremichael haheze iminsi ibiri abonanye n'intumwa y'ishirahamwe rya Afrika yavuze ati: "Ingabo z'akagwi k'abatwaza igitugu zahumbahumbwe. Ubu rero zirindiriye guhambwa nk'abandi bose batwaza umukazo, kandi ivyo bizoba vuba."

Mu kwishura, umushikiranganji wa mbere Abiy nawe yavuze ati izo nyeshamba "zizokwicwa rubi vuba".

Muri uwo mwanya nyene, kwotswa igitutu n'akarere vyaragaganutse, akamo k'amakungu k'ibiganiro nako kabonwa nko kwivanga mu biraba Ethiopia.

Ukuba ishirahamwe rya Afrika ataho ryegamiye -rifise icicaro caryo muri Ethiopia - nakwo hari abagufiseko amakenga. Ivyo vyabaye na cane cane inyuma y'inyandiko yaryo kuri Twitter mu kwezi kw'umunani, kuva ico gihe ryaciye rivanwako, ryanegura akamo ka Amerika ko gusaba ko haba ibiganiro.

Imyiyerekano yo kwiyamiriza Amerika n'ibindi bihugu vy'i Buraya n'ibinyamakuru vyo mu mahanga yagumye yiyongera i Addis Ababa no mu banya-Ethiopia baba hanze.