HIV/AIDS: Ibi binini PrEP bikinga umugera wa SIDA ni nyabaki?

Mu rugamba rwo kurwanya umugera wa SIDA, hari inzira indiri n'indiri zikoreshwa.

Imwe muri izi nzira ni ugufata imiti irwanya ubwandu, muri yo harimwo Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis/prophylaxie pré exposition (PrEP).

None PrEP ni iki neza na neza?

PrEP canke Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis mu gifaransa prophylaxie pré exposition, ni umuti uzibira umugera wa SIDA kugira ngo ntiwandure, aha ni ku bantu batarawandura.

Kuva mu kw'icenda 2015, ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu rijejwe amagara y'abantu kw'isi OMS/WHO risaba abantu bari mu vyago vyinshi vyo kwandura umugera wa SIDA ko bokwama bakoresha uburyo bwa PrEP nk'ubundi buryo bwo kwikingira uyu mugera.

PrEP iboneka mu buryo bw'ibinini kandi bigategerezwa gufatwa imbere y'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'umuntu ashobora kukwanduza.

Ubushobozi bw'ibinini vya PrEP mu gukinga umugera wa SIDA bwaremejwe inyuma y'ibikorwa vy'igerageza, kandi bigakora neza iyo nyene kubifata abifashe akurikije amabwirizwa y'ikigo CDC kijejwe kurwanya indwara ca Amerika.

None koko ibi binini birashobora gukingira umwe mu bakoze imibonano mpuzabitsina?

Iyo ukoze imibonano mpuzabitsina wabifashe uko bitegerejwe, ufise amahirwe yo kutandura umugera wa SIDA ku rugero rwa 99%.

N'aho ata makuru ahagije ku bushobozi bwa PrEP bwo gukingira ba bantu bitera ibiyayuramutwe, ikigo CDC kiremeza ko nabo nyene bashobora gukingirwa ku rugero rwa 74% iyo babifashe bakurikije amabwirizwa.

Ariko rero, iyo umuntu atabifashe akurikije amabwirizwa, agira amahirwe make yo gukingirwa.

Ku bakorerwa imibonano mpuzabitsina yo mu kibuno, ibinini vya PrEP bikora neza inyuma y'imisi hafi indwi umuntu atanguye kubifata buri musi.

Nayo ku bagore bakorana imibonano mpuzabitsina canke abitera ibiyayuramutwe, ibi binini bikora neza inyuma y'imisi 21 umuntu atanguye kubifata buri musi.

Ni ryari umuntu yofata PrEP?

Ubwa mbere na mbere ni uko ubanza kwipimisha umugera wa SIDA, hanyuma ibipimo bikerekana ko utarandura.

Ibi binini birashobora guhabwa abantu bagiranye imibonano mpuzabitsina mu mezi atandatu aheze n'umuntu agendana umugera wa SIDA (cane cane iyo uyu muntu afise umugera utazwi neza canke utaboneka).

Bushobora kandi kuba n'uburyo bwiza bwo kwikingira ku bantu badakoresha agakingirizo igihe cose.

PrEP irafasha cane ku bantu basanzwe bitera ibiyayuramutwe mu gihe basanzwe basangira inshinge canke ibindi bikoresho vyose bitobora uruhu n'abantu bagendana umugera wa SIDA.

None ibi binini vya PrEP biraboneka muri Afrika ?

Gushikana ibi binini muri Afrika biracahura n'inzitizi zitandukanye harimwo igiciro, ubushobozi bwo gushika kwa muganga, ukunenwa... ariko hari intambwe zimaze gushikwako aha na hariya.

Icigwa cakozwe muri Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Mali na Togo, cerekana ko PrEP yatumye ibitigiri vy'abandura kigabanuka mu kiringo c'imyaka ibiri n'igice ku bagabo 600 bagirana imibonano mpuzabitsina n'abandi bagabo.

Dr Safiatou Thiam yahoze ari umushikiranganji w'amagara y'abantu hamwe n'umunyamabanga nshingwabikorwa mu murwi w'igihugu ca Sénégal ujejwe kurwanya ikiza ca SIDA asigura ko kuva mu ntango z'uno mwaka wa 2021, PrEP iri mu birwanisho bikomeye abajejwe amagara y'abantu bafise mu rugamba rwo kurwanya SIDA muri Sénégal.

Vyongeye, ivyavuye mu cigwa cakozwe muri Afrika y'uburengero n'abashakashatsi bo mu bigo Insermna IRD kigatangazwa mu kinyamakuru c'amakuru ajanye n'amagara y'abantu The Lancet HIV, ku wa 25 z'ukwa gatanu 2021 biratanga icizere.

Ku bwa Muganga Thiam, muri Sénégal hariho ingingo ngenderwako zigenga ikoreshwa rya PrEP ku bantu bari mu vyago vyinshi vyo kwandura hamwe n'abubakanye umwe muri bo afise umugera uwundi atawufise.

Ati: "Abandi bantu ba ntaco-nezwe usanga badakoresha udukingirizo barashobora gusaba PrEP. Rero bakurikije ibisabwa, barashobora guhabwa PrEP, kandi bakayironswa ku buntu mu bigo vy'amavuriro ya reta".