John F Kennedy: Igihe perezida wa Amerika yahuye n'intwari nyinshi z'ubwigenge bwa Africa

Inyandiko gusa
Perezida Kennedy na Kwame Nkrumah

Ahavuye isanamu, JFK Presidential Library

Insiguro y'isanamu, Perezida John F Kennedy yahuye na perezida wa mbere wa Ghana Kwame Nkrumah muri White House mu kwa gatatu 1961

Mu mabaruwa y'abanyamakuru bo muri Africa, Ade Daramy umwanditsi wo muri Sierra Leone yashakishije mu mafoto y'igihe cya Perezida John F Kennedy, wahaye umurongo imibanire ya Amerika na Africa.

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Mbere y'uko Kennedy aba perezida mu 1961, igihugu cye nta kinini cyari cyarakoze mu kumenya impinduka zihuse ziri kuba muri Africa.

Igihe yicwaga mu 1963 ishusho yari yarahindutse cyane.

Mu gihe gito yamaze ku butegetsi, Kennedy yakiriye muri White House nibura buri mutegetsi w'igihugu cyigenga muri Africa - byari bimaze kurenga 15 icyo gihe - cyangwa ambasaderi wacyo.

Perezida John F. Kennedy aramutsa Perezida Léopold Sédar Senghor wa Senegal

Ahavuye isanamu, JFK Presidential Library

Insiguro y'isanamu, Perezida Léopold Sédar Senghor wa Senegal, umuntu w'ingenzi mu kurwanya ubukoroni mu bihugu bivuga igifaransa, yagiye i Washington mu kwa 11/1961
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Umwaka umwe mbere y'uko aba perezida, ibihugu 17 bya Africa byari bimeze kubona ubwigenge, mu kumenya ko isi iri guhinduka, Kennedy yamenye ko imibanire mishya ikeneye kubakwa.

Iyo mibanire yari ishingiye ku gufasha no gufatanya n'ibyo bihugu bishya bya Africa.

Perezida Kennedy na Julius Nyerere

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Insiguro y'isanamu, Julius Nyerere, wari minisitiri w'intebe wa Tanganyika icyo gihe, yagiye muri White House mu kwa karindwi 1961, amezi atanu mbere y'uko icyo gihugu cyivana ubwigenge ku Bwongereza
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Ni politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga Amerika yakomeje uhereye ubwo, kugeza Perezida Donald Trump ahinduye iyo mibanire n'ibihugu bya Africa.

Bivugwa ko Trump yakoresheje imvugo mbi avuga umugabane wa Africa, ariko n'uwo Kennedy yasimbuye, Dwight Eisenhower, yari afite uko abona nabi Africa.

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Uyu yabwiye Perezida wa Togo, Sylvanus Olympio, ko impamvu Amerika ifite ambasaderi umwe kuri Togo na Cameroon ari uko adashaka ko abadipolomate be "baba mu mahema".

Perezida Sylvanus Olympio wa Togo yakiriwe ku kibuga cy'indege na Kennedy mu kwa gatatu 1962

Ahavuye isanamu, JFK Presidential Library

Insiguro y'isanamu, Perezida Sylvanus Olympio wa Togo yakiriwe ku kibuga cy'indege na Kennedy mu kwa gatatu 1962
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Mu kwiyamamariza kuba perezida mu 1960, Kennedy yanenze kenshi ubutegetsi bwa Eisenhower "gusuzugura ibyifuzo by'abaturage ba Africa", avuga ko Amerika ikwiye gushyigikira Africa mu kurwanya ubukoloni, aho kuba ku ruhande rw'abakoloni.

Ageze ku butegetsi, Kennedy yatumiye abategetsi ba Africa i Washington.

Haile Selassie aramukanya na Jacqueline Kennedy

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Insiguro y'isanamu, Umwami w'abami wa Ethiopia Haile Selassie, umwe mu bashinze umuryango w'ubumwe bwa Africa yakiriwe i Washington mu kwa gatanu 1963, aha yahabwaga ikaze na Jacqueline na John Kennedy
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Aherekejwe na 'first lady' Jackie Kennedy, Bwana Kennedy yakiriye abo bategetsi - ndetse n'umwami w'abami Haile Selassie wa Ethiopia n'umwami Hassan IV wa Maroc - basuye Amerika.

Haile Selassie yatemeberejwe mu modoka mu murwa mukuru Washington

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Insiguro y'isanamu, Haile Selassie yatemeberejwe mu modoka mu murwa mukuru Washington
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Bahawe kandi icyubahiro cya gisirikare, gusangira ku meza, gusura inzu z'imyidagaduro n'inzu ndangamurage za Amerika.

Félix Houphouët-Boigny, perezida wa mbere wa Cote d'Ivoire, n'umugore we Marie-Thérèse Houphouët-Boigny, batumiwe gusangira ku meze na Kennedy mu kwa gatanu 1962

Ahavuye isanamu, JFK Presidential Library

Insiguro y'isanamu, Félix Houphouët-Boigny, perezida wa mbere wa Cote d'Ivoire, n'umugore we Marie-Thérèse Houphouët-Boigny, batumiwe gusangira ku meze na Kennedy mu kwa gatanu 1962
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Inzinduko z'aba bategetsi ba Africa zaravuzwe cyane mu binyamakuru muri Amerika na rubanda benshi bazishimagiza.

Kennedy yashoboraga gutembereza abashyitsi be ku mihanda itatse ibitambaro bibaha ikaze n'abaturage ku nzira babaramutsa, ikirere cyabyemera bagafungura imodoka.

Igitambaro giha ikaze Haile Selassie hamwe n'akarasisi k'ingabo na rubanda rwinshi byamwakirijwe i Washington

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Insiguro y'isanamu, Igitambaro giha ikaze Haile Selassie hamwe n'akarasisi k'ingabo n'abaturage, byamwakirijwe i Washington
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Birumvikana ko harimo ikintu cya politiki muri ibi byose. Abasoviyeti nabo bariho biyegereza ibihugu bya Africa byariho bitandukana n'abakoloni.

Ageze ku butegetsi, Kennedy yari azi neza agomba kunyarutsa mu kugira inshuti muri ibi bihugu biri kuzamuka muri Africa.

Perezida John F. Kennedy avuga ijambo ryo kwakira Ahmed Sékou Touré i Washington

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Insiguro y'isanamu, Perezida Ahmed Sékou Touré wa Guinea, wagejeje kuri iki gihugu ku bwigenge mu 1958 abuvanye ku Bufaransa imyaka ibiri mbere y'ibindi bihugu byinshi bya Africa, mu kwa 12/1962 Kennedy yamutumiye i Washington
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Mu biro bye, Kennedy yabwiye amatsinda ya National Association of Colored Women ati: "Nizera ko... niba twemera impinduramatwara yacu, n'impinduramatwara ya Africa mu myaka iri imbere izaba igana kuri demokarasi n'ubwigenge, si kuri 'communism' kuko nabyo byaba bisa cyane n'ubundi bukoloni".

Hashize ukwezi ageze ku butegetsi, yasabye visi perezida Lyndon B Johnson kujya muri Senegal guhura na Perezida Léopold Sédar Senghor, yabonaga nk'umuntu ukomeye wamugeza ku bindi bihugu bivuga igifaransa.

Mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho, Kennedy yatangije icyo bise Peace Corps - yohereza urubyiruko rw'Abanyamerika ku isi - mu kwezi kwa munani 1961, yatumiye itsinda mbere ry'aba bakorerabushake bari bagiye kujya muri Ghana na Tanganyika.

Iyicwa ry'intwari y'ubwigenge ya Congo, Patrice Lumumba, bikekwa ko CIA yabigizemo uruhare, iminsi itatu mbere y'uko Kennedy ajya mu biro, ni ikintu cyibutsa ko intambara y'ubutita yari irimbanyije no kuri uyu mugabane.

John F. Kennedy yahuye na William V.S. Tubman, Perezida wa Liberia

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Insiguro y'isanamu, William Tubman, perezida wa Liberia, ifite umurwa mukuru wahawe izina kubera perezida wa Amerika James Monroe, yicaranye na Kennedy mu kwa 10/1961
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Ntawahamya neza ko Kennedy nawe yari muri iyo ntambara muri Africa. Gusa abategetsi baharaniye ubwigenge bw'ibihugu byabo ntibari ba 'nyamujya iyo bigiye', babonaga ko ubucuti na Amerika bufitiye inyungu impande zombi.

Urupfu rwe rutunguranye muri Africa rwarumvikanye cyane - cyane kuko uwamusimbuye, Johnson, batari bahuje amahitamo ngo akomeze ubwo bucuti.

Perezida wa mbere wa Congo-Brazzaville Fulbert Youlou yagiye i Washington mu kwa gatandatu 1961

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Insiguro y'isanamu, Perezida wa mbere wa Congo-Brazzaville Fulbert Youlou yagiye i Washington mu kwa gatandatu 1961
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Imyaka 60 nyuma yabwo, ubu Perezida Joe Biden yavuze ko ashaka kuzahura imibanire na Africa.

Mu ntangiriro z'ukwezi kwa kabiri, yavuze ko Amerika yiteguye kuba "umufatanyabikorwa wa Africa mu gufashanya, kubana neza no kubahana".

Ijambo rye ryibukije umuhate wa Kennedy - ubu Africa itegereje kubera niba imvugo ye ariyo ngiro.

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Amafoto ya Robert Knudsen, Cecil Stoughton, Abbie Rowe, White House photographs, John F Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston