Guinea: Umukambwe w'imyaka 82 ushaka manda ya gatatu y'imyaka itandatu
Ahavuye isanamu, AFP
Inkuru ya Paul Melly, Umusesenguzi kuri Afurika y'iburengerazuba
Alpha Condé, Perezida wa Guinea w'imyaka 82, kuri iki cyumweru arasaba abatora miliyoni 5.4 kumuha manda ya gatatu, ni amatora abanziriza ayandi ateganyijwe muri Afurika y'iburengerazuba muri Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana na Niger.
Bwana Condé azaba ahatanye cyane na Cellou Dalein Diallo. Hari impungenge ko ababashyigikiye bashobora gutana mu mitwe cyane cyane mu murwa mukuru Conakry aho umwuka utameze neza ubu.
Ibinyamakuru muri Guinea biravuga ko hari abaturage mu mijyi ibiri yo mu burasirazuba batangiye guhunga ingo zabo kubera ubwoba bw'amabi ashobora kuba mu matora yo ku cyumweru.
Bwana Condé ajya ku butegetsi mu 2010, nibwo bwa mbere byari bibayeho mu mahoro na demokarasi kuva mu myaka 52 yari ishize iki gihugu kibonye ubwigenge.
Mbere, ubutegetsi bwaranzwe no kwikanyiza no guhonyora abatavuga rumwe nabwo.
Hibukwa cyane tariki 28/09/2009 ubwo abasirikare bishe abantu bagera ku 160 bari bashyigikiye abatavuga rumwe na leta bakanafata ku ngufu abagore 110 ubwo bose bari mu myigaragambyo kuri stade nkuru.
Ahavuye isanamu, AFP
Nawe ubwe yari yarafunzwe (1998 - 2001) kubera gushaka guhatana na Jenerali Lansana Conté wategetse kuva mu 1984 kugeza apfuye mu 2008.
Amaze gutsinda amatora mu 2010, Bwana Condé yari yitezweho kuvugurura inzego za gisirikare, kubaka demokarasi, kurwanya inyerezwa ry'imari ya leta no kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Ibigwi bye
Imyaka 10 ishize yabayemo gutera intambwe igaragara.
Yashoboye kunaniza ibitekerezo byo kumuhirika bya bamwe mu basirikare bakuru, agerageza no kuvugurura igisirikare, benshi mu bari bakuru mu ngabo abohereza mu kirihuko cy'izabukuru.
Itsinda ry'abaminisitiri bafite ubumenyi mu nzego bashinzwe babashije kuzahura ubukungu bw'iki gihugu, bubaka ubufatanye n'ikigega mpuzamahanga cy'imari (FMI/IMF) n'imibanire n'abaterankunga.
Abashoramari bongeye kwizera no kugaruka, bashora mu kirombe cya Simandou, kimwe mu binini ku isi, gikungahaye cyane ku butare, imirimo ibihumbi n'ibihumbi iraboneka, hubakwa n'umuhanda wa gariyamoshi mu gihugu.
Nka kimwe mu bihugu byazahajwe cyane na Ebola mu burengerazuba bwa Afurika mu 2014 - 2016 - kimwe n'abaturanyi Sierra Leone na Liberia - Guinea yazamuye urwego rwayo mu guhangana n'ibyorezo ndetse Covid-19 ntiyabagoye.
Bwana Condé, umwe mu bantu bakuze kandi bazwi muri politiki yo munsi y'ubutayu bwa Sahara, yasubije Guinea mu ruhando rwa dipolomasiya ya Afurika.
Ibyamunaniye
Gusa ibibazo bikomeye ntibyarangiye, by'umwihariko kubahiriza uburenganzira bwa muntu.
Abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi bazwi nka Bwana Diallo, bakomeje gutotezwa, urugomo rushingiye kuri politiki rurakomeza mu mihanda aho urubyiruko rwigaragambya n'abashinzwe umutekano bakunda gusibanira.
Ikindi, isezerano rimaze igihe ryo gukurikirana abasirikare bakuru bari inyuma y'ubwicanyi bwo mu kwa cyenda 2009 ntiryubahirijwe, nubwo bwose abahaburiye ababo n'abafashwe ku ngufu badahwema kubisaba, urukiko mpuzamahanga mpanabyaha ruvuga ko ruzabijyamo niba leta bikomeje kuyinanira.
Nibura umwe mu basirikare bashinjwa yabaye mu butegetsi bwa Bwana Condé, mu gihe Moussa Dadis Camara - wafashe ubutegetsi mu 2008 anategeka igihe abasirikare bikoraga buriya bwicanyi - yabajijwe ibibazo, ariko birangira bamuretse ahungira muri Burkina Faso nta nkomyi.
Kapiteni Camara aracyari umuntu ukunzwe cyane aho avuka hitwa Guinée Forestière, abanyapolitiki bo hejuru nabo birinda ikintu cyose cyamuhungabanya kigatuma bangwa aho hantu.
Mu matora ya 2015 Bwana Diallo we mu buryo butangaje yanifatanyije n'abashyigikira Camara, mu gihe umwe mu bantu bakomeye cyane kuri Capt Camara we yari minisitiri muri leta ya Bwana Condé.
Manda ya gatatu iteje akaga
Bwana Condé mu kwezi kwa gatatu yabashije guhindura itegekonshinga biciye muri referandumu kugira ngo yiyamamarize manda ya gatatu, avuga ko ashaka kurangiza ibyo atagezeho.
Itegekoshinga rishya risubiza kuri zeru manda zose, bityo imyaka amaze ku butegetsi ubu ntibarwa.
Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, umuryango w'ibihugu byo muri ako karere (ECOWAS/CEDEAO) wabaruye abantu miliyoni 2.5 batoye muri referandumu ariko ba baringa (bahimbano).
Uruhande rutavuga rumwe na leta rwanze kwitabira iyo referandumu, byorohera Bwana Condé kugera ku cyo ashaka.
Ahavuye isanamu, AFP
Igihe cyose yabazwaga niba ashaka kuba umutegetsi wa Guinea ubuzima bwe bwose, yirindaga kubisubiza.
Mu ntangiriro z'uyu mwaka, hari benshi bibwiraga ko Bwana Condé uri mu zabukuru yaba agiye kwigirayo akaruhuka, ariko si ko bimeze, yerekanye ko agishaka gutegeka.
Ibintu bitanu wamenya kuri Guinea:
- Mu 1958, ukuriye abaharaniye ubwigenge Sekou Touré mu buryo bwamamaye cyane yabwiye Ubufaransa ati: "Guinea yahitamo ubukene mu bwisanzure kuruta ubukire mu bucakara"
- Impirimbanyi y'inkubiri yitwa "Black power" Stokely Carmichael yavuye muri USA aza kuba muri Guinea mu 1968, ari kumwe n'uwari umugore we, icyamamare Miriam Makeba, akwirakwiza amatwara ya 'pan-Africanism'
- Guinea ni yo ya mbere ku isi ifite ibirombe byinshi birimo ubutare bwa bauxite - nibwo bwibanze bukorwamo aluminium
- Umusozi Nimba, ni umurage w'isi wemejwe na UNESCO, uri ku mupaka wa Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire na Liberia, uzwi cyane kuba ubuturo bw'inguge nyinshi no gukoresha amabuye nk'ibikoresho
- Umuririmbyi Mory Kanté, wamamaye mu myaka ya 1980 kubera indirimbo yakunzwe cyane Yéké Yéké, ni kavukire muri Guinea
Abatavugarumwe na leta badashyize hamwe
Cellou Dalein Diallo si we wenyine uhatanye na Condé, ariko ni we ukomeye muri urwo ruhande.
Ahavuye isanamu, AFP
Bwana Diallo ashimangira ko afite amahirwe menshi yo gutsinda. Ariko afite imbogamizi ikomeye.
Amateka magufi y'ibyo atashoboye nka minisitiri w'intebe mu 2004 - 2006 ntaribagirana neza.
Kuba kandi abatavuga rumwe na leta badashyize hamwe ku kwitabira cyangwa kutitabira amatora, ntibimuha amahirwe yo gushyigikirwa na benshi.
Kwiyamamaza kwe kwahuye n'ingorane zirimo no kunanizwa, cyane cyane ubwo yabaga agiye kwiyamamariza aho Bwana Condé akunzwe cyane nka Kankan mu majyaruguru ashyira iburasirazuba.
Gusa asa n'uwabashije kwigarurira urubyiruko rwo mu mijyi kuburyo ashobora gutungurana, mu gihe amatora yaba akozwe mu mucyo n'indorerezi mpuzamahanga zikemererwa kuyakurikirana kugira ngo bigabanye ubujura bw'amajwi.
Gusa nubwo byagenda gutyo, bisa naho Bwana Condé yizeye intsinzi kuko asanzwe akuriye ubutegetsi bukora byose mu gihugu.
