'Keep your hands for di front of your chest like boxer' and oda ways to survive stampede

At least 50 pipo don die around Nigeria in di last week on top stampede mata wey happun for three separate parts of di kontri.

On Wednesday, 35 pikin dem die for stampede for one funfair wey bin dey happun for Ibadan, Oyo state capital for di south west of Nigeria.

On Saturday, authorities for Abuja confam say at least ten pipo wey include four pikin bin die for stampede for catholic church wen dem dey distribute food items to poor pipo.

For di southeast of di kontri, on di same Saturday, anoda stampede also claim lives.

Dis one happun for Okija, Anambra State. E happun as one charity bin dey share rice and oda foodstuffs.

Wetin dey cause crush?

Professor John Drury wey be di sabi pesin for di social psychology of crowd management for di University of Sussex for England say, "For all dis cases, na really too many pipo for di same place for di same time."

Wetin dey cause crush no be di total number of pipo but di density of di crowd.

According to Prof Drury, crowds no suppose get pass five pipo per square metre to avoid danger but e say di crowd density wey dey near di Kabba for Hajj na about eight to nine pipo per square metre.

Even if di event dey sold out, crowd density fit different for different areas of di venue. For example for music events, pipo dey normally move near di stage.

Na usually mismanagement by event planners and lack of crowd regulation by police dey cause overcrowding.

Prof Drury explain say, "If na five pipo or above dey per square metre, e dey dangerous bicos any movement for di crowd or ripple of movement for dat crowd fit cause crush."

Crowd crushes dey take minutes to happun wey mean say di time for intervention dey small. Becos of dis, venues wey get less exit gates or exit routes wey no dey marked fit dey more dangerous wen di crowd start to dey move.

Drury say, "If you get narrow exit, most especially if pipo no sabi am well, e dey more likely say pipo go wan enta through that exit togeda. Dat fit cause some density and some crushing."

Wetin dey kill pipo for crush?

During crush, pipo dey jam demsef, wey dey create pressure for di rest of di crowd, some pipo fit trip and fall wey fit cause dem to dey matched to death.

According to post-mortem reports, most pipo for dis week tragedy for India bin die from chest injuries, internal bleeding and blood wey gada near di chest.

Pipo wey dey inside crushes fit get compressive asphyxia according to Dr Devin Tan wey be one Singapore based emergency medicine specialist. E mean say pressure from outside dia bodi dey stop dia breathing.

Dr Tan explain say, "Di diaphragm muscle wey dey responsible for respiration no fit contract or relax wey suppose make air enta or comot di lungs. E fit cause build up of carbon dioxide and lack of oxygen wey fit lead to organ failure and brain death."

How you fit survive crush?

Di US goment Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) get advice for pipo make dem no hook inside crush, and wetin to do if you dey inside.

Di first tin dem suggest na to find di emergency exits and medical services wen you enta di event.

If you find yourself inside crush, di CDC dey advise say:

Safety measures

To prevent overcrowding, event organisers gatz monitor for potential increases for crowd density.

Prof Drury say, "For any venue, you go get capacity and e mean say pesin or system dey ground to count di amount of pipo wey dey go dat place."

E say to understand wetin di event dey about dey important for events like Hajj time wey penti pipo wan dey di same place at di same time.

“E mean say you gatz get schedule of managing di number of pipo at di particular ritual at dat time,” e tok.

"E mean to know why di crowd wan dey dia, di crowd values and di crowd desire to fit manage am."

Prof Drury say make pipo stop to dey blame crushes on di pipo for di crowd.

E tok wetin im colleague for di crowd safety industry dey tok say: pipo dey fear becos dem dey die - dem no dey die becos dem dey fear.