Mece ce hauhawar farashi, kuma me ya jawo tsadar kayayyaki a duniya?

Kun fuskanci ƙarin kuɗi a kasuwa a kwanan nan? Babu mamaki a yanzu ba kwa iya sayen abubuwan da kuka saba saya a baya.

Dalilin da ya sa muke fuskantar tashin farashi shi ne saboda hauhawar farashi da ake kira inflation a Turance, kuma a cewar Ƙungiyar Ƙwadago ta Ƙasa da Ƙasa wato International Labour Organisation's (ILO), hauhawar farashi a duniya ta ninka fiye da sau ɗaya a tsakanin Maris na 2021 da Maris na 2022.

Adadin na Maris ɗin 2022 ya kai 9.2 cikin 100, ƙarin kashi 3.7 ke nan a Maris ɗin na shekarar da ta gabata.

Ƙaruwar hauhawar farashi na nufin farashin kayayyakin abinci da makamashi da zirga-zirga da tufafi da sauran ayyuka za su ƙaru, abin da zai sa daga baya rayuwa ma ta ƙara tsada.

Mece ce hauhawar farashi?

A taƙaice, hauhawar farashi na nufin ƙaruwar kuɗin da ake biya wajen saye da kuma biyan kuɗin wasu ayyuka a wani lokaci.

Kuɗin da ke aljihunku a yanzu ba za su saya muku abubuwan da kuka saba saya ba.

Saboda haka, hauhawar farashi na sauya kimar kaya, abin da ke nufin za su ƙara tsada.

Me ya sa ake samun hauhawar farashi?

Ba mamaki suna da ɗan rikitarwa amma dalilan masu sauƙi ne. Ga misali biyu daga ciki:

• Ƙaruwar buƙata

Idan aka samu ƙaruwar buƙatar wasu kayayyaki ko aiki, hakan ka iya haddasa tashin farashinsu.

Hakan na faruwa ne akasari idan tattalin arziki na tsaka da farfaɗowa kuma mutane na da ƙwarin gwiwar kashe kuɗi sama da ɓoye su.

Ƙaruwar buƙata na farawa ne da buƙatar kwastomomi.

'Yan kasuwa kan yi bain ƙoƙarinsu wajen samar da kayan amma idan ba su samu kayan ba sai su ƙara farashi, abin da ke jawo hauhawar farashin kenan da ake kira "price inflation" a Turance.

• Hauhawar farashin ƙira

Wannan na faruwa ne lokacin da farashin ƙera kayayyaki suka ƙaru, sai kuma a ƙara wa kwastomomi farashi su ma.

Kuma wannan shi ne abin da muke gani yanzu a faɗin duniya. Annobar korona da yaƙin Ukraine sun lalata harkokin jigilar kayayyaki saboda kamfanonin na fuskantar wahala wajen samara da kuma kai kayan nasu sassan duniya.

Mene ne bambancin abin a faɗin duniya?

A ƙasashe da dama na duniya girman matsalar ta wuce kashi 10 cikin 100 a 'yan shekarun nan.

Hauhawar farashi a Turkiyya yanzu ta kai kusan kashi 70 cikin 100, a Argentina hauhawar ta shekara ta kai kashi 51, a Sri Lanka kuma fama ake yi rikicin tattalin arziki da ya haddasa bore kuma ya tilasta wa firaministan ƙasar sauka daga muƙaminsa - tasu hauhawar ta kai kusan kashi 30 a wata Afrilu.

A Iran, zanga-zanga ta ɓarke bayan tashin farashin kayan abinci. Hauhawar farashin da hukumomi suka bayyana a ƙasar ta kai kashi 40 amma hasashe ya nuna ta wuce kashi 50 cikin 100.

Mece ce hauhawar farashi mai tsanani?

Akwai kuma hauhawar farashi mai tsanani wato hyperinflation - lokacin da lamurra suka gagari kwandila.

Ana amafani da kalmar hauhawar farashi mai tsanani (hyperinflation) idan aka samu hauhawa mai girma kuma mai ci gaba wadda ke ƙasƙanta darajar kudin ƙasa.

An ga wannan ma a ƙashe da dama kamar Lebanon, da Venezuela, da Zimbabwe.

Ɗauki alkama misali, Ukraine da Rasha ne kan gaba wajen samar da ita a duniya baki ɗaya.

Ƙasashe da dama sun dogara da ƙasashen biyu wajen sayen alkama, amma yaƙin Ukraine ya hana fitar da ita, abin da ya haddasa ƙaranci da kuma tashin farashinta.

Inda lamarin ke ƙara rikitarwa shi ne, idan albashi ba ya ƙaruwa don tarar da hauhawar farashin.

Hakan na haddasa rage ƙarfin kudin ƙasa, wanda da wuya a iya daidaita rayuwar mutane da suka saba da kuma sabon yanayin.

Me ke jawo hauhawar farashi a yanzu?

Kamar yadda aka faɗa a baya, yaƙin Ukraine da kuma annobar korona sun yi tasiri amma kuma bala'in fari da ake fama da su a wasu wurare da kuma tsare-tsaren tattalin arziki na taimakawa wajen hauhawar farashin a faɗin duniya.

Saboda yadda annobar ta shafi jigilar kayayyaki da kuma wasu ayyuka sun haddasa tashin farashin kayayyaki kamar gas da abinci da motoci da kayan ɗaki. Shi kuma yaƙin Ukraine ya haifar da wani abin kan man fetur da makamashi.

Hauhawar farashin na da tasiri kan kusan komai, daga na'urorin ɗumama ɗaki a ƙasashen da ake tsananin sanyi, zuwa jigilar kayayyaki da kuma ƙera kayan.

A cewar alƙaluman ILO na 2022, alkama da man fetur yanzu haka sun ƙara tsada da kashi 50 cikin 100 sama da yadda suke shekara ɗaya da ta wuce.

Shin hauhawar farashi abu ne maras kyau a ko da yaushe?

Amsa a taƙaice ita ce a'a, amma akwai ɗan rikici.

Idan albashi na ƙaruwa daidai da yadda ake samun hauhawa, to hauhawar ba za ta yi wani babban tasiri ba.

Idan albashin mutum ba ya ƙaruwa daidai da hauhawar farashi, to cikakkiyar kimar da kuɗinsu ke da ita za ta lalace.

Kuma tabbas hakan zai ƙuntata rayuwar mutane wajen biyan kuɗin haya ko abinci.

Hauhawar farashi kuma ka iya taimka wa tattalin arziki wajen ƙara yawan kayayyakin da ake samarwa.

Yawan kayayyaki na nufin yawan samu, yawan ayyukan yi da yawan kayayyaki, wanda zai iya daidaita tasirin hawa farashin.

Akwai wata hanya da za a iya daƙile hauhawar farashi?

E akwai, amma ba wai hanya ce ɗoɗar ba saboda ba komai za a iya magancewa ba.

Hanyar jigilar kayayyaki da kuma yaƙin Ukraine na cikinsu.

Amma akasari manyan bankuna da kuma gwamnatoci ne ke magance hauhawar.

Matakan sun ƙunshi ragewa ko ƙara kuɗin ruwa kuma wasu masana na ganin ƙara kuɗin ruwa zai rage yawan buƙata a tattalin arziki da zai kai ga rage haɓakar tattali arzikin wanda daga baya kuma zai rage hauhawar farashin.

Ƙayyade hanoyin yaɗuwar kudi da kuma haraji na cikin matakan da e ɗauka, a cewar masana.

Amma idan kuna karanta wannna rahoton a lokacin da ba kwa iya sayen abubuwan da kuka saba saya - to a iya cewa an riga an makara.