Juyin mulki a Guinea: Shin mulkin da sojojin suke ƙwacewa yana ƙaruwa ne a Afirka?

Juyin mulkin sojoji ya zama ruwan dare a Afirka tun bayan da kasashen nahiyar suka samu 'yancin kansu kuma a yanzu ana nuna damuwa kan yadda juyin mulki ke ƙaruwa.

A bana sau biyu irin hakan ta faru a Sudan, ɗaya a watan Satumba wanda bai yi nasara ba, sai kuma na baya-bayan nan da Janar Abdel Fattah Burhan ya hamɓarar da gwamnatin riƙon ƙwarya ta farar hula ya kuma ƙwace iko.

A watan Satumba ma hatsaniyar da ta faru a Guinea har ta kai ga cire Shugaba Condé wani misalin ne na baya-bayan nan na yadda sojoji suke kifar da gwamnatin farar hula.

A makwabciyar Guinea ma Mali an yi juyin mulkin soji sau biyu a cikin shekara daya, na baya-bayan nan shi ne wanda ya faru a watan Mayun 2021.

A Jamhuriyar Nijar, an dakile wani yunkurin juyin mulki a watan Maris kwanaki kadan gabanin rantsar da sabon shugaban kasar.

Shin hakan na nufin juyin mulki na faruwa akai-akai a nahiyar?

Mene ne juyin mulki?

Daya daga cikin ma'anonin juyin mulki shi ne kwace mulki ba bisa ka'ida ba ko hambarar da halastacciyar gwamnati daga sojoji - ko wasu jami'an farar hula.

Wani bayani da wasu masu bincike na Amurka guda biyu Jonathan Powell da Clayton Thyne suka yi ya nuna cewa an yi yunkuri fiye da 200 na kifar da gwamnatoci a Afirka tun daga karshen shekarun 1950.

Kusan rabin wadannan yunkuri an yi nasara - inda wadanda suka kwace mulki suka yi akalla mako guda suna mulki.

Burkina Faso, wadda take Yammacin Afirka, ta fi fuskantar juyin mulkin da ya yi nasara, inda sau bakwai ana yin nasara, yayin da juyin mulki daya ya ci tura.

A wasu lokutan, wadanda suke da hannu a juyin mulki suna musanta cewa juyin mulki suka yi.

A shekarar 2017 a Zimbabwe, juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi ya kawo karshen mulkin da Shugaba Mugabe ya kwashe shekara 37 yana yi.

Daya daga cikin mutanen da suka yi juyin mulkin, Manjo Janar Sibusiso Moyo, ya bayyana a gidan talabijin a wancan lokacin inda ya musanta cewa juyin mulki suka yi.

A watan Afrilun wannan shekarar, bayan mutuwar shugaban Chadi Idriss Deby, rundunar sojin kasar ta dora dansa a matsayin shugaban rikon kwarya da zai jagoranci majalisar soji. Masu adawa da shi sun soki tsarin wanda suka bayyana a matsayin "juyin mulki na gado".

"Shugabannin da suka jagoranci juyin mulkin sun musanta cewa sun yi juyin mulki a yunkurin ganin 'yan kasar sun karbe sh a matsayin wani abu da ya halasta," a cewar Jonathan Powell.

Shin yanzu ana samu raguwar juyin mulki a Afirka?

Yanayin yunkurin juyin mulki a Afirka ya kasance iri daya inda ake samun akalla guda hudu a shekara daya a shekaru arba'in da suka wuce tsakanin shekarun 1960 zuwa 2000.

Jonathan Powell ya ce hakan ba abin mamaki ba ne ganin irin hali na rashin tabbas da kasashen Afirka suka tsinci kansu a cikin shekarun bayan samun 'yancin kai.

"Kasashen Afirka sun fuskanci yanayi da ya tilasta juyin mulki, kamar talauci da rashin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki. Idan kasa ta fuskanci juyin mulki sau daya, hakan wata alama ce da ke nuna cewa nan gaba za a iya samun karin juyin mulki."

An samu raguwar juyin mulki zuwa kusan biyu a duk shekara a shekaru 20 zuwa 2019. Mun yi shekaru biyu ne kawai a cikin wannan karni kuma a 2020, sau daya aka bayar da rahoton juyin mulki.

Sai dai kuma abin lura yanzu shi ne yadda a wannan shekarar kawo yanzu, an samu juyin mulki da dama idan aka kwatanta da shekaru ashirin da suka gabata. ( a Jamhuriyar Nijar, Chadi, Mali da Guinea).

Ndubuisi Christian Ani daga Jami'ar KwaZulu-Natal ya ce boren da aka rika yi wa wasu shugabanni da suka dade a kan mulki ya bayar da dama wajen dawowar juyin mulki a Afirka.

"Yayin da za a ce bore ya halasta kuma mutane ne suke jagorantarsa, galibin nasararsa ta dogara ne ga matakan da sojoji suka dauka," in ji shi.

Wadanne kasashen Afirka ne suka fi fuskantar kifar da gwamnati?

Sudan ce ta fi fuskantar yunkurin kifar da gwamnati inda aka nemi sauya gwamnati har sau 15 - an yi nasara a biyar daga ciki. Na baya bayan nan shi ne a shekarar 2019 inda aka hambarar da gwamnatin Omar al-Bashir bayan wani mummunan bore.

Shi kansa Bashir ya hau kan mulki ne a wani juyin mulki da ya yi nasara a 1989.

Najeriya ta yi kaurin suna wajen juyin mulki a shekarun da suka biyo bayan samun 'yancin kan kasar inda aka yi juyin mulki sau takwas daga watan Janairun 1966 da kuma juyin mulkin da Janar Sani Abacha ya yi a 1993.

Sai dai tun bayan komawa turbar mulkin dimokuradiyya a 1999 kasar ba ta sake fuskantar juyin mulki ba.

Tarihin Burundi cike yake da juyin mulki inda aka kifar da gwamnati sau 11, akasari sakamakon rikicin kabilanci tsakanin kabilar Hutu da Tutsi.

Sierra Leone ta fuskanci jyin mulki sau uku tsakanin 1967 zuwa 1968, da kua wani a 1971. Daga 1992 zuwa 1997, an yi yunkurin kifar da gwamnati sau biyar a kasar.

Ghana ma ta fuskaci yunkurin juyin mulkin soji, inda aka nemi kifar da gwamnati sau takwas a shekaru 20. An yi juyin mulkin farkon ne a 1966, lokacin da aka cire Kwame Nkrumah daga kan mulki, kuma shekara daya bayan nan wasu kananan sojoji sun yi yukurin kifar da gwamnati kodayake bai yi nasara ba.

A takaice, Afirka ta fuskanci juyin mulki fiye da kowacce nahiya a duniya.