Haɗakar jam'iyyu huɗu da aka yi a tarihin siyasar Najeriya

Tun shekaru aru-aru, siyasanar Najeriya ta gaji shiga hadaƙar jam'iyyu musamman tsakanin yankunan ƙasar domin fuskantar zaɓe, lamarin da masana suke ganin yana da tasiri idan an yi abin da ya dace.

Batun haɗakar jam'iyyun adawa ne kan gaba a batutuwan siyasar ƙasar a wannan lokaci, inda wasu fitattun ƴansiyasar ƙasar suke ta ƙoƙarin dunƙulewa guri guda domin fuskantar jam'iyya mai mulki ta APC da niyyar ƙwace mulki a hannunta a zaɓen 2027.

A kwanakin baya ne tsohon gwamnan jihar Kaduna, Malam Nasir El-Rufai ya sanar da ficewarsa daga APC, sannan daga bisa ya koma SDP, wanda a zatawarsa da BBC a lokacin ya nuna cewa wani sabbon babi ne aka buɗe a siyasar ƙasar.

Har yanzu dai anaa jiran ganin matakin masu yunƙurin haɗakar, inda ake raɗe-raɗin masu haɗakar za su shiga ko dai jam'iyyar ta SDP ne, ko kuma jam'iyyar ADP kamar rahotanni suke nunawa, sannan a gefe guda kuma wasu ke hasashen kafa sabuwar jam'iyya za a yi.

Wannan batun na haɗaka na ƙara samun faɗaɗa ne a daidai lokacin da gwamnonin yankunan ƙasar da dama suka bayyana amincewarsu da tazarcen Shugaba Bola Tinubu a zaɓen mai zuwa.

Ita ma dai Jam'iyyar APC ta haɗaka ce, inda jam'iyyu da dama suka narke domin shiga zaɓen 2015 domin fafatawa da PDP mai mulki a lokacin.

BBC ta yi nazarin wasu haɗaka guda huɗu da suka faru a tarihin siyasar Najeriya.

Jamhuriyya ta huɗu

An shiga Jamhuriyya ta huɗu a shekarar 1999 bayan Janar Olusegun Obasanjo ya amince ya miƙa mulki da farar hula.

A siyasar zamanin, Dr Sufi ya ce an yi ta yunƙurin yin haɗaka da dama, amma ba a samu nasara ba, sai lokacin da aka haɗa APC.

An kafa All Progressives Congress wato APC a ranar 6a ga watan Fabrairun 2013, inda jam'iyun CPC ƙarƙashin Muhammadu Buhari da AD a ƙarƙashin Bola Tinubu da tsagin APGA da ANPP da sabuwar PDP suka haɗu suka kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar ta APC domin tunkarar zaɓen 2015.

A zaɓen ne sabuwar jam'iyyar ta doke Jam'iyyar PDP mai mulki, ta kafa shugaban ƙasa, sannan ta samu rinjaye a majalisun ƙasar.

Jamhuriya ta uku

An shiga zamanin Jamhuriyyaa ta uku a shekarar 1992, inda aka zaɓi gwamnoni da ƴanmajalisu amma ba a samu shugaban ƙasa, inda aka samu tsaiko bayan gwamnatin mulkin soji na lokacin ƙarƙashin jagoranci Janar Ibrahim Babangida ta soke zaɓen shugaban ƙasar shekarar.

Sai dai a lokacin an samu ƙungiar National Democratic Coalition wato NADECO, wadda aka kafa a ranar 15 ga watan Mayun shekarar 1994, waɗanda suka riƙa faffutikar dole shugaban mulkin soji na lokacin, Janar Sani Abacha ya sauka, sannan ya miƙa mulki ga wanda ya lashe zaɓen 12 ga watan Yunin 1993.

A game da NADECO, Dr Kabiru Sufi ya ce wannan ƙungiya ce ta fafutika domin dawo da mulkin dimokuraɗiyya.

Jamhuriyya ta biyu

An fara zamanin siyasar Jamhuriyya ta biyu a shekarar a 1983 da manyan jam'iyyu guda huɗu: National Party of Nigeria wato NPN da Unity Party of Nigeria wato UPN da Nigerian Peoples Party wato NPP da Great Nigeria Peoples Party wato GNPP sai Peoples Redemption Party wato PRP.

A game haɗakar jam'iyyun siyasa a zamanin, Dr Sufi ya ce ganin irin ƙarfin da NPN take yi ne, "ya sa UPN da NPP da PRP suka haɗu suka kafa Progressive Peoples Alliance (PPA). Daga baya sai GNPP ta fice saboda saɓani, wanda hakan ya rage wa haɗakar ƙarfi. Amma duk da haka NPN ce ta samu nasara a zaɓen."

Bayan zaɓen shugaban ƙasa, NPN ce dai ta samu rinjaye a majalisa, sannan ta samu gwamnoni masu yawa.

Jamhuriyya ta farko

Haɗaka a siyasar Najeriya al'amari ce daɗaɗɗiya, wanda za a iya cewa ta samo asali tun daga zamanin da ake ƙarƙashin mulkin turawa.

Domin yadda lamarin ya samo asali, BBC ta tuntuɓi Dr Kabiru Sufi masanin kimiyyar siyasa kuma malami a kwalejin share fagen shiga jami'a a Kano, inda ya ce tun lokacin da ake yunƙurin kafa gwamnati ta farko ne aka yi "gwamntin haɗaka."

"Lokacin da za a kafa jamhuriyya ta ɗaya bayan zaɓen 1959, tsari ne na majalisa a lokacin, inda jam'iyyar da ta fi yawan ƴanmajalisa ce za ta kafa mulki kuma NPC ce ta fi yawan ƴanmajalisa."

Ya ce a lokacin ne da NPC ta yi fargabar sauran jam'iyyu za su iya haɗe mata kai, sai ta nemi haɗaka da Jam'iyyar NCNC domin gudanar da gwamnati a tare.

"Sai ba ta NCNC wasu maƙamai manya duk cewa kowace jam'iyya na nan, amma sun kafa gwamnatin haɗaka."

Sufi ya ce daga bisa an fara samun saɓani a tsakaninsu, "musamman bayan ƙidayar shekarar 1962, inda ƴan NCNC, musamman premier jihar Gabas, Sir Michael Okpara ya fara sukar alƙaluman ƙidayar. Wannan ya sa dole aka haƙura da haɗakar a daidai lokacin da ake tunkarar zaɓen 1964."

Haɗakar 1964

Domin fuskantar zaɓen 1964, sai Jam'iyyar NCNC ta shiga haɗaka da jam'iyyu irin su Action Group wato AG da Northern Elements Progressive Union wato NEPU da United Middle Belt Congress wato UMBC, suka haɗu a United Progressives Grand Alliance wato UPGA.

Sai tsagin Cif Ladoke Akintola na Action Group wato AG, sun haɗa da Jam'iyyar NPC domin fuskantar zaɓen na1994 a Nigerian National Alliance wato NNA, inda ita NNA ɗin ta samu nasara.

Ko akwai yiwuwar sabuwar haɗaka?

A game da yunƙurin da ake yi na haɗa sabuwar haɗaka a yanzu, Dr Kabiru Sufi ya ce ya danganta da ya danganta da ƙarfin jiga-jigan da suka shiga haɗakar.

"Wanann yanayn zai sa a duba wane irin nasara haɗakar za ta samu. Kamar ita APC jam'iyyu ne suka shiga tare da ƴaƴanta suka shiga suka haɗa jam'iyyar."

A game da yadda ake haɗakar za ta yiwu, Dr Kabiru Sufi ya ce, "Ko dai su haɗu su shiga wata jam'iyya mai rajista, wanda yake da wahala. Wataƙila sai dai jiga-jidan jam'iyyar su fito su shiga wata jam'iyyar. Ko kuma jam'iyyu su haɗu su yi rajistar sabuwar jam'iyya."

Sufi ya ce, "Idan jiga-jidan suka zama daga dukkan ɓangarorin ƙasa ne, kuma manya ne da suka fita daga wasu jam'iyyun, to lallai za a iya haɗa jam'iyar da za ta wuce abin da ake hasashe."