Yadda Habasha ta nuna wa Masar fin ƙarfi wajen gina madatsar ruwa kan kogin Nilu

Bayan shan gaban ƙasar Masar a wajen ƙasashen duniya domin samun goyon baya, Habasha na gab da ƙaddamar da ɗaya daga cikin madatsun ruwa mafi girma a duniya a kan kogin Nilu.

Wannan mataki ya yi watsi da wata yarjejeniyar da aka cimma tsakanin ƙasashen biyu tun zamanin mulkin mallaka, inda Birtaniya ta shiga tsakani.

Aikin madatsar - wadda aka gina a kan kogin Nilu ta laƙume kuɗi kimanin dala biliyan 4.8, inda girmanta ta kai girman tsakiyar birnin Landan - kuma aikin ya motsa kishin ƙasa da kuma hada kan al'ummar ƙasar waɗanda a baya ke fama da rarrabuwar kawuna da rikice-rikice.

Madatsar, wadda aka yi wa taken 'Grand ERthiopian Renaissance Dam', ita ce cibiyar samar da lantarki ta ruwa mafi girma a Afirka, wanda hakan ya bunƙasa kyakkyawan fatan da ake da shi na cewa zai samar wa al'ummar ƙasar miliyan 135 ƙarfin lantarki sannan ya sanya ta ta zama ta gaba-gaba a samar da makamashi.

Kuma hakan zai bunƙasa hanyar kuɗaden shigarta, kamar yadda masana suka bayyana.

A yanzu ƙasar ta Ethipia na shirin ƙara yawan ƙarfin lantarki da take sayar wa maƙwaftanta irin su Kenya da Djibouti, har ma da tunanin cewa za ta samar da wani layin rarraba lantarki wanda zai tsallaka kogin Maliya domin sayar da ƙarfin lantarki ga ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya irin su Saudiyya.

To amma a ɓangaren Masar, abin ya zamo akasin na Habasha, inda abin ya zame mata damuwa.

Tana jin tsoron madatsar za ta rage yawan ruwan da ke shiga cikin ƙasarta, lamarin da take fragabar zai iya haifar da ƙarancin ruwa.

"Kimanin kashi 93 cikin ɗari na Misira hamada ne, inda mutane ba sa zama. Dukkaninmu, mutum miliyan 107 muna rayuwa ne a gaɓar kogin Nilu," in ji wani masanin ƙasa da duwatsu a jami'ar birnin Alƙahira, wato Cairo University da ke masar, Farfesa Abbas Sharaky.

"Ɗaukabin ci gaban ƙasar Masar ya rataya ne kan kogin Nilu, Kogin Nilu shi ne rayuwarmu," in ji shi.

Malamin jami'ar ya yi gargaɗin cewa "ƙarancin ruwa" zai iya munana a Masar sanadiyyar sabuwar madatsar ruwan.

"Za ta tara ruwan da yawansa ya kai cubic meter biliyan 64 daga ruwan da asali yana gangarawa ne zuwa cikin Masar. Wannan babban rashi ne gare mu. A shekara mukan samu kwatankwacin tawan ruwa cubic meter biliyan 55.5. Ba mu da wata hanyar samun ruwa baya ga Kogin Nilu," kamar yadda Farfesa Sharaky ya yi ƙarin haske.

Wani tsohon mai shiga tsakani game da gina sabuwar madatsar, Fekahmed Negash, ya shaida wa BBC cewa duk da matsi na diflomasiyya da kuma barazanar yaƙi daga Masar, Habasha ta dage a kan shirin nata na gina madatsar domin tana da matuƙar amfani ga shirinta na cigaba.

Shirin nata ya ƙunshi samar da lantarki ga kimanin kashi 60% na al'ummar da ba su da ita a Habasha, sai dai ya ce wannan ba abu ne mai sauki ba kasancewar ana buƙatar samar da layin wayoyin lantarki a faɗin ƙasar wadda take da yawan tsaunuka.

Farfesa Sharaky ya ce duk da cewa Nilu kogi ne da ya ratsa ƙasashe, Habasha ta yi gaban kanta wajen yanke shawarar gina madatsar ruwa - kuma ta samu nasarar hakan ne kawai sanadiyyar guguwar sauyin ƙasashen Larabawa da ta shafi Masar, abin da ya kai ga kifar da gwamnatin Hosni Mubarak wadda ta dade tana lokaci.

"Masar ta kasance cikin wani mummunan yanayi, babu ƙwaƙƙwaran shugaban ƙasa, kuma sojojinmu aiki ya musu yawa a cikin ƙasar," in ji shi, inda ya ce a yanzu ƙasar ta fara ɗaukar matakan samun ruwa ta wasu hanyoyin na daban - ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin shi ne samar da cibiyar tace ruwa mafi girma a duniya da kuma gina rijiyoyi sama da 5,000.

Haka nan lamarin ya tursasa wa Masar yin sauye-sauye a ɓangaren noma - misali, ta hanyar rage girman filin noman shinkafa, wanda ke buƙatar ruwa sosai, daga kimanin eka miliyan biyu zuwa eka miliyan ɗaya, in ji malamin jami'ar.

"Idan ka tara yawan ruwa cubic meter biliyan 64 wanda a baya yake gangarawa zuwa cikin Masar, shin wannan ba cutarwa ba ce?" kamar yadda Farfesa Sharaky ya faɗa, inda ya yi watsi da iƙirarin Habasha na cewa madatsar ruwar da ta gina ba za ta cutar da Masar ba.

Rashid Abdi, wani mai sharhi a cibiyar bincike ta Saharan Research da ke Kenya, ya ce aikin madatsar ruwa ta Gerd ta kawo ƙarshen yarjejeniyar da Birtaniya ta samar a shekarun 1920 inda aka mallaka wa Masar kimanin kashi 80% na ruwan kogin Nilu.

Mr Abdi ya shaida wa BBC cewa "Birtaniya ta yi yanke wannan hukuncin ne domin daɗaɗa wa Masar da kuma kare muradunta na ƙashin kai kasancewar Masar ce ke iko da mashigin Suez, wanda wata muhimmaiyar hanya ce ta shiga Turai."

"To amma yanzu Habasha tana nuna nata ƙarfin, ita kuma Masar nata ƙarfin na raguwa. Ta rasa ƙarfin da take da shi a kan kogin Nilu," in ji shi.

A wani abu da Mr Okello ya bayyana a matsayin "mummunar bulaliyar siyasa", a shekara ta 2011, Firaiministan Habasha na wancan lokacin Meles Zenawi ya sanar da shirin da ya yi wa lakaɓi da "Project X", lamarin da ya kai ga wargaza ƙarfin ikon da Masar ke da shi kan kogin Nilu.

"Masar ta bibiya babu ji babu gani a manyan hukumomin duniya, kamar Bankin Duniya wajen ganin bai samar da kudin aikin ba. Sai dai hakan ya ƙara ƙarfafa gwiwar gwamnatin Habasha wajen ganin aikin ya yiwu, inda ta yi ƙoƙarin ganin ta tattara kudin yin aikin daga cikin al'ummarta," in ji shi.

"Saboda haka Habasha ta samu kudin gudanar da aikin daga cikin gida, sai kuma ɗan gudumawar da bai taka kara ya karya ba daga ƙungiyar ƙasashen gabashin Afirka (Igad). Ko da ta samu wasu kuɗaɗen ta wasu hanyoyi na daban, to ba a bayyana ba," in ji Mr Okello.

Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump ya yi ikirarin cewa Amurka ta yi "sakarci wajen bayar da gudumawar kuɗi" wajen aikin madatsar ruwan, wanda abin damuwa ne ga Masar - ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙawayen Amurka.

Habasha ta yi watsi da ikirarin nasa a matsayin "ƙarya", inda ta dage kan cewa ita ta samar da kuɗin aikin da kanta.

Mr Okello ya ce Trump ya so ya yi sulhu game da aikin madatsar tun a wa'adin mulkinsa na farko, sai Habasha - a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Firaminista Abiy Ahmed, wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel kan kawo ƙarshen rikici da Eritrea - ya fice daga tattaunawar a lokacin da ya zargi Trump da karkata kan Masar.

Gabanin ranar ƙaddamar da madatsar ruwa, minsitan harkokin waje na Masar, Badr Abdelatty ya tsananta yaɗa farfagandar ƙasar game da madatsar, yana mai cewa yin barazana ga wadatuwar ruwan al'umma "keta haddi" ne sannan madatsar "barazana ce ga wanzuwar" Masar.

Sai dai Farfesa Shakary ya kawar da duk wani yiwuwar gwabza yaƙi tsakanin Masar da Habasha kan lamarin.

"Ƴan'uwanmu ne. Muna shan ruwa daga ƙwarya ɗaya. Kogin Nilu na gangarowa ne daga ɓangarensu," in ji shi, inda ya kara da cewa Masar za ta ci gaba da yunƙurin warware matsalar ta hanyar tattaunawa.