Yadda ake tilasta wa mata shiga aikin soja a Turai domin yaƙar Rasha

Daga ranar 1 ga watan Afrilu, duk wata mace a ƙasar Denmarka da ta cika shekara 18, za ta halarci atisayen aikin soja.

An yi haka ne, saboda ƙaraincin masu shiga aikin, za a iya kiran waɗanda aka tilasta musu a kowane lokaci. A baya dai Denmarka ta kasance ta ware aikin soja domin maza ne, amma a yanzu an fara shigar da mata.

A shekarar 2024 ne aka yi dokar tilast mata shiga aikin soja, kimanin shekara biyu bayan Rasha ta afka wa Ukraine da yaƙi.

A shekara 10 da suka gabata, ana samun masu shiga aikin na soja da kansu domin kare ƙasarsu, wanda hakan ya sa ba a buƙatar tilasta wa wani ya shiga aikin, amma Denmarka tana sha'awar matasa su riƙa shiga aikin soja, don haka za a iya samun sauyi nan da wasu shekaru masu zuwa.

Sai dai ana samun ra'ayoyi mabambanta game da tilasa aikin soja a tsakanin matasan ƙasar ta Denmark.

"Ba na so in mutu, kuma ba na so in shiga damuwar bayan yaƙi, sannan ina fargabar zuwa filin daga ina ƴa mace," in ji Isabella, wadda nan da shekara huɗu za ta kai shekarun shiga aikin soja.

"Ina tunanin abu ne mai kyau a riƙa damawa da mu a abubuwan da ake tunanin maza ne kawai za su iya," in ji Sarah mai shekara 19 daga sansanin atisayen soja.

Maza da mata a aikin soja

Norway, ƙasar turai ta farko da ta ɓullo da tilasta wa matasa shiga soja ba tare da nuna bambanci tsakanin mata da maza ba, ta ɗauki matakin ne a shekarar 2023 saboda tunaninta na ba dukkan ƴan ƙasar dama iri ɗaya.

Sai Sweden ta biyo baya a shekarar 2017 bayan Rasha ta ƙwace yankin Crimea, sai Netherland ma ta yanke hukuncin fara tilasta mata shiga soja kamar maza, duk da cewa mutum na da zaɓi wajen amincewa.

A kwana-kwanan nan, ƙasashen Baltic wato Estonia da Latvia da Lithuania da ake fargabar Rasha za ta iya far wa, suma duk sun fara tattaunawa kan batun tilasta wa mata shiga aikin soja.

"Yaƙin Rasha a Ukraine a 2022 ne ya canja tunanin ƙasashe kan aikin soja," Eleri Lillemäe, wata mai bincike a cibiyar nazarin aikin soja ta Estonian Military Academy.

Ministan tsaron Latvia Andris Spruds ya daɗe yana fafutikar a fara tilasta wa mata shiga aikin soja daga shekarar 2028.

"Saboda muna kusa da ƙasar da ke mana barazana. Ya kamata mu ƙarfafa tsaronmu. Haka kuma ya kamata mu ba ƴanƙasarmu haƙƙin shiga aikin ba tare da nuna bambancin jinsi ba," in ji shi.

Raguwar matasa

Sai dai kuma matsalar ƙarancin matasa maza da za su shiga aikin ta ƙara ta'azzara ƙalubalen.

A ƙasar da mutanenta ba su wuce miliyan biyu ba, kowane matashi da yaro yana da muhimmanci. Alƙaluman haihuwar ƙasar Latvia sun nuna cewa adadin haihuwar ya koma kashi 1.36. Amma kuma ana buƙatar aƙalla haihuwar kashi 2.1 ga kowace mace domin haihuwar ƙasar ta daidaita. Haka kuma abin yake a ƙasashen da ke maƙwabtaka da ita.

"Matsalar za ta yi ƙamari ne zuwa 2040 saboda yanayin haihuwa na raguwa, wanda hakan ke nufin ba za mu isassun mutane ba."

Yanzu haka ƙasar Estonia na tilasta wa aƙalla maza kashi 40 shiga aikin soja ta hanyar zaɓar lafiyayyu daga cikinsu, idan ƙasar ta ci gaba da tilasta wa matasan shiga aikin, nan da shekarar 2040, kusan kashi 90 na mazan ƙasar za su zama soja.

A Lithuania, ana ci gaba da tafka muhawara ne kan yiwuwar fara tilasta wa mata shiga aikin na soja, amma ita ma kamar Latvia, ƴansiyasa suna bayyana bambancin ra'ayi.

Haka kuma kamar Finland, duk ƙasashen Baltic sun assasa dokar aikin soja na tilas ga maza, sai kuma aka ba mata zaɓi.

Poland, wadda ke maƙwabtaka da Rasha ta yankin Kaliningrad na yunƙurin sake dawo da shirin ba dukkan mazan ƙasar atisayen soji daga 2026, sannan ta ba mata zaɓi.

Yadda lamarin yake a Ukraine

A cewar Eleri Lillemäe, yaƙin Ukraine ya nuna muhimmancin mata a aikin soja. Ma'aikatar tsaron Ukraine ta ce tana da sojoji mata sama da dubu 70,000, kuma daga ciki akwai aƙalla 5,000 da ke bakin daga.

"Sun nuna muhimmancin mata a aikin soja, da yadda ake buƙatar kowa ya bayar da gudunmuwa domin kare ƙasarsa," in ji Lillemäe.

A Ukraine, duk da ƙarancin soja da ake fama da shi, babu ɗan siyasar da ya yi kira da a tilasta wa mata shiga aikin soja.

Yaƙin na Ukraine ya ƙara fito da rawar da Nato ke takawa wajen tabbatar da tsaron ƙasashen turai.

Bayan matsin lamba daga Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump, ƙasashen Nato sun amince su ƙara kuɗaɗen da suke kashewa wajen tsaro.

Yanzu ana ci gaba da tafka muhawa a Jamus kan fara aikin soja na sa kai a shekarar 2026, ita kuma Faransa na so ne ta ƙara ƙarfafa aikin sojinta na sa kai.

Sai dai tsarin shiga aikin na sa kai da wa'adin yana bambanta, sannan wasu ƙasashen suna haɗa sojojin da aka tilasta a cikin rundunar sojin ƙasar, wasu ƙasashen kuma suna ware su daban ne.

A ɓangaren tilasta wa mata shiga aikin soja, a Denmarka jam'iyyun hamayya ba su da ta cewa, amma a sauran ƙasashen Baltic, alƙaluma sun nuna cewa ƴan kaɗan daga cikin ƴan hamayya ne suka amince da tsarin.

Tabbatar da tsaron mata

Wata matsalar kuma ita ce rundunonin soji da dama ba su kayan aiki da gidaje da sauran abubuwan da ake buƙata domin ƙara ɗaukar soja. Dole akwai buƙatar gina sabbin bariki sannan ana buƙatar ƙarin masu horar da sojojin da sauran ababen more rayuwa da kayan aiki, musamman ganin yadda kayan aikin maza ba dole ba ne su yi daidai ga mata.

Sannan wasu na nuna cewa ba aiki ba ne da ke da sauƙi ga mata.

"Mun tattauna da ƙungiyoyin tsofaffin sojoji mata a Denmark kuma sun bayyana cewa aiki ne mai wahala ga mata," Louise Vinter Alis.

Wata ƙididdiga da Ma'aikatar tsaron Denmark ta yi a shekarar 2023, ta nuna cewa kashi 20.3 na matan da suke aikin soja sun taɓa fuskantar cin zarafi a cikin wata 12 da suka gabata, inda ma'aikatar ta ce za ta ƙara ƙaimi wajen daƙile cin zarafi.

A sauran ƙasashen Baltic, Andris Spruds ya ce mata da suke aikin sojan a ƙasar Latvia ba sa fuskantar wata barazana.

Tilasta wa mata shiga ba abu ba ne da aka saba a ƙasashen duniya. A wani bincike da cibiyar Pew Research Center ta yi a shekarar 2019, ta gano cewa akwai dokar tilasta shiga aikin soja a ƙasashen Isra'ila da Koriya ta Arewa da kuma aƙalla ƙasashen Afirka huɗu: Eritrea da Mali da Morocco da Tunisia. Yawancin matasan da aka tilasta shiga aikin suna zama ne a matsayin masu jiran ko-ta-kwana, kuma za a kiransu a duk lokacin da ake buƙatar aikinsu bayan an ƙara musu horo.