Yadda Trump ke son amfani da yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta don cin gajiyar albarkatun ƙasar Congo

Gwamnatin Trump na jagorantar shiga yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta mai cike da ruɗani domin kawo ƙarshen rikicin da ake yi a gabashin Dimokuraɗiyyar Congo, wanda ya fara tsallakawa zuwa Rwanda.

Yunƙurin bai zo da mamaki ba, domin Congo ƙasa ce mai ɗimbin albarkatun arzikin ƙasa, waɗanda Amurka ke buƙata domin bunƙasa ɓangaren fasahar zamani da ma ƙirƙirarriyar basira, wanda China ta riga ta mata fintinkau.

Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump zai gana da shugabannin Congo da Rwanda - Félix Tshisekedi da Paul Kagame - a makonni masu zuwa domin shiga yarjejeniyar, wadda ake yi wa kirari da "nasara babba", sannan ake tunanin zai ɓullo da yarjejeniyar inganta harkokin kasuwancin Amurka a nahiyar.

Daraktan gidauniyar zaman lafiya ta World Peace Foundation da ke Amurka Farfesa Alex de Waal ya shaida wa BBC cewa gwamnatin Trump na yunƙuri ne na "tsara yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta tare da shiga yarjejeniyar haɓaka kasuwanci."

"Trump ya yi haka a Ukraine a baya. Yana so ya yi amfani da damar ne wajen cin wata ribar siyasa, sannan kuma ya samu ma'adinai domin Amurka ta ƙaru," in ji Farfesa De Waal.

Ya ƙara da cewa, "Congo da China sun riga sun ci kasuwancin mafi yawan ma'adinan, don haka yanzu Amurka kala kawai za ta yi."

Ya ce har yanzu kamfanonin Amurka na ɗar-ɗar na zuba kuɗi a Congo saboda barazanar tsaro da kuma fargabar mu'amala da "ma'adinan jini' - ma'adinan da masu tada ƙayar baya suke tatsa - amma za a iya samun sauyi idan gwamnatin Trump ta shige gaba wajen ƙulla yarjejeniyar ta tsagaita wuta.

Farfesa De Waal ya ce za a iya samun haka a wasu ƙasashen da suke fama da rikice-rikice kamar Sudan - ƙasar da ake sa ran Amurka da wasu ƙasashen Larabawa irin su Saudiyya da Haɗaɗɗiyar Daular Larabawa da Masar - suke ƙoƙarin shiga tsakani bayan an fara yunƙurin hakan, amma aka samu tangarɗa.

Amma Farfesa Hanri Mostert, wata malamar dokokin ma'adinai a Jami'ar Cape Town da ke Afirka ta Kudu ya shaida wa BBC cewa, "Congo za ta yi rasa ƴancinta saboda ma'adinanta."

Congo za ta iya samun kanta a cikin yarjejeniyar da za ta ɗauki shekaru, inda za a mata alƙawarin tsaro da babu tabbas, in ji ta.

Ta yi misali da Angola, inda ta ce China ta gina ababen more rayuwa domin ɗibar man fetur.

"Ko da farashin man fetur ya tashi a kasuwannin duniya, Angola ba ta ganin ribar," in ji Mostert.

Sashen harkokin wajen Amurka ya bayyana a shekarar 2023 cewa Congo na da arzikin ma'adinai da ya kai dala triliyan 25, wato fam triliyan 21.1.

Daga cikin ma'adinan da ƙasar ke da su akwai cobalt da copper da lithium da manganese da tantalum - waɗanda ake buƙata domin haɗa kayayyakin lantarki da ake amfani da su a kwamfutoci da wayoyin salula da kuma makamai na soji.

"Shekara nawa za a yi Congo na ba ƴan kasuwar Amurka ma'adinin cobalt? shin shekara 20 za a yi ko 50?" kamar yadda farfesa Mostert ya tambaya.

Kakakin gwamnatin Patrick Muyaya ya tabbatar wa BBC a watan Mais cewa ƙasar su na so ta fara tura wa Amurka "wasu ma'adinai masu muhimmanci' domin samun yarjejeniyar tsagaita wuta.

Ƴantawayen M23 sun ƙaddamar da manyan hare-hare ne a farkon wannan shekara, inda ta ƙwace gabashin Congo, sannan take safarar wasu ma'adinai zuwa Rwanda, kamar yadda wani masani a Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ya shaida waa BBC a farkon wannan watan.

Ya ce a Rwanda ake cakuɗa ma'adinan da na ƙasar, sai a ci kasuwar su a wasu ƙasashen.

Ita dai Rwanda ta musanta zargin tana da alaƙa da M23, duk da cewa Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta kawo hujjojin cewa tana da dubban sojoji a Congo.

"Za mu samu albaratun ƙasa da dama daga Congo a sanadiyar yarjejeniyar nan,' in ji Trump.

Farfesa Jason Stearns, wani masanin siyasa da ke zaune a Canada ya shaida wa BBC cewa, Qatar, kamar wasu ƙasashen masu albarkatun man fetur, suna faɗaɗa ayyukansu zuwa Afirka, "domin ƙara ƙarfin iko, da ma haɓaka tattalin arzikinsu."

Farfesa Stearns ya ce Qatar na son alaƙar tattalin arziki da Rwanda, inda ya ƙara da cewa ƙasar za ta gina filin jirgin sama da zai ci biliyoyin dala, sannan tana tattaunawa domin mallakar kashi 49 na filin jirgin.

Ya yi bayanin cewa Amurka da Qatar suna aiki a tare, amma "ya kamata a kiyaye jefa yanayin yarjejeniyar tsagaita wutar tsakanin Congo da Rwanda cikin tasku. Ba zai yiwu Rwanda ta ce ba ta da hannu a ayyukan M23 ba, sannan su kuma ƴantwayen su cigaba da hare-hare a gabashin Congo."

"Don haka dole a tafiyar da yarjejeniyar a tsanake tare da duba dukkan ɓangarori," in ji Stearns.

A ƙarƙashin yarjejeniyar, Congo da Rwanda sun amince su ƙaddamar tsaron haɗin gwiwa a cikin kwana 30 na yarjejeniyar.

Mr Verelst ya ce za a fara tsagaita wuta ne, sannan Congo da ƴantawayen na M23 su sa hannu a yarjejeniyar a ranar 18 ga watan Agustan, wanda zai zama ɗoriya kan abin da aka fara.

Wata tambaya ita ce shin M23 za ta fice daga yankin da ke ƙarƙashin kulawarta, kamar yadda gwamnatin ƙasar ke buƙata?

"Ina tunanin akwai buƙatar a bi hankali wajen tabbatar da yarjejeniyar, sannan ya kamata a samu haɗaka wajen shugabanci. Amma komai ya rataya ne kan yadda masu shiga tsakanin suka yi," Mr Sematumba.

Duk da cewa Rwanda ta ce ba ta da hannu a ayyukan M23, tana ta ƙara nanata cewa tana da burin fatattakar ƴantawayen FDLR, waɗanda suka aika kisan kiyashin 1994, sai suka tsere zuwa Congo. Rwanda ta zargi sojojin Congo da aiki d FDLR.

Yarjejeniyar tsagaitar ta ƙunshi "fatattakar FDLR" amma an sha yunƙurin yin hakan, amma ba a samu nasara a gomman shekaru.

"A wajen Rwanda, fatattakar FDLW na cikin ƙa'idojin janye dakarunta, ita kuma Congo dole a cimma biyun ne a tare," in ji Mr Sematumba, inda ya ce dole masu shiga tsakani su samu gano bakin zaren gazawa wajen cimma nasara a baya.

Farfesa Mostert ya ce amfani da diflomasiyya kaɗai ba zai magance matsalar ba, inda ya ce dole a samu hanyoyi da dama.

"Ana buƙatar hanyoyi da dama bayan diflomasiyya, a haɗa da tattaunaw da ɓangarori sannan a saurara ra'ayoyin mutane."