Yadda haƙo zinare ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a Ghana ke barazana ga muhalli

Ruwan da ke fitowa daga wani gurɓataccen rafi a Ghana ya yi kauri sosai, ta yadda har wani mai fasahar zane-zane ya yi amfani da shi domin zana yadda harkokin haƙo ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ke illa ga muhalli a ƙasar.

Masu haƙo zinare suna amfani da sinadarin mercury wajen tace zinaren, wanda kuma yake illata muhalli da gurɓata tekunan ƙasar.

"Zan iya yin zane-zane da ruwan rafin nan. Lamarin nan fa ya wuce tunanin mutane," in ji Israel Derrick Apeti, wanda aka fi sani da Enil Art, a zantawarsa da BBC.

Shi da abokinsa Jay Sterling ne suka ziyarci rafin Pra mai nisan kilomita 200 (mil 125) a yammacin babban birnin Accra domin bayyana wa duniya halin da suke ciki a sanadiyar gurɓacewar rafin saboda abin da suke kira "galamsey".

"Galamsey" ce kalmar da suke amfani da ita domin nuna yadda harkokin haƙo ma'adinai a dubban wurare ke wakana a ƙasar, ciki har da yankin da ya yi fice wajen noma coco.

Ƙasar ce ta shida wajen fitar da zinare, kuma ta biyu wajen fitar da coco a duniya.

A kwanakin baya ne mutanen ƙasar suka gudanar da zanga-zanga a birnin Accra domin nuna rashin jin daɗinsu a kan illar da masu haƙo ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ke jawo wa muhallinsu. Sai dai ƴansandan ƙasar sun kama gomman waɗanda suka gudanar da zanga-zanga bisa zargin gudanar da taro ba bisa ƙa'ida ba, amma daga baya an sake su bayan kamen ya ƙara zafafa lamarin.

Sun yi amfani da taken #stopgalamseynow da #freethecitizens domin jawo hankalin matasan ƙasan a Ghana da mazauna ƙasashen waje, musamman a Canada da Burtaniya.

Apeti ya bayyana wa BBC cewa yana amfani da fasaharsa ta zane-zane ce domin ba fafutikar goyon baya.

"Mene ne amfani fasahar dama? a hanyarmu ta zuwa rafin ce na yi tunanin zan iya amfani da ruwan rafin da ya gurɓace domin yin zane. Da muka isa rafin sai na gwada, kuma zanen ya fita."

Garuruwan da suke kusa da rafin - wanda ɗaya ne daga manyan rafuka a ƙasar - sun koka wa Apeti cewa ruwan rafin " a da ruwan rafin tsabtatacce ne, ta yadda kana iya hango kifi da kada a ciki, amma yanzu ya gurɓace."

Haka suma mawaƙan Ghana sun saka baki a fafutikar.

Black Sherif - wanda ɗan garin Konongo ne a yankin Ashanti, inda haƙo ma'adinan ya yi wa illa sosai - ya tsay ana tsaka da raƙashewa a taron kalankuwar da ya shirya mai suna The Tidal Rave Concert a Accra a farkon wannan wata domin haska halin da ƙasar ke ciki.

Truth Ofori, wanda yake wajen taron, sai ya rera waƙar kishin ƙasa mai suna, "This is our home," sannan shi ma Stonebowy ya rera waƙar "Greedy Men," wadda aka yi domin waɗanda suke haƙo ma'adinan.

Lamarin ya ta'azzara ne sakamakon yadda harkokin haƙo ma'adinan ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya sauya salo - a da matasa marasa aikin yi suka yi ta hanyar amfani da shebir da diga ko kuma ma da hannunsu.

Kuma suna amfani da rariya ne domin tace zinaren.

Amma ƴan-kasuwar China - waɗanda suka fara komawa Ghana a shekara 18 da suka gabata - yanzu sun kutsa cikin harkar.

Haka kuma ana zargin wasu ƴankasuwar ƙasar da ƴan siyasa sun shiga cikin harkar, inda suke saye gonakin coco, suna mayar da su wuraren haƙo zinare.

Haka kuma an zarge su da yin barazana ga duk manomin da ya ƙi sayar musu da gonarsa.

An ƙiyasta cewa an lalata hekta 4,726 na gonaki a Ghana - fulotan da suka fi girman wasu manyan biranen turai irin su Athens da Brussels, sannan an lalata gandun daji guda 34 daga cikin 288 na ƙasar, kamar yadda kwamishinan gandun dajin ƙasar, John Allotey ya bayyana hakan a Agustan.

Masanin harkokin noma a ƙasar, Dr John Manful ya shaida wa BBC cewa, "yankuna masu amfani sosai," ne masu haƙo ma'adinan suka ɓarnata.

"Haƙo ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ya daɗe a ƙasar nan. Amma yanzu lamarin ya ƙara ta'azzara," in ji shi.

Idan suna wanke zinaren da suka haƙo, suna amfani da sinadarai da dama kamar mercury da cyanide, waɗanda suke da illa ga rafukan ƙasar.

Dr George Magful ya ce sinadarin mercury na iya zama a cikin ruwa har na shekara 1,000. Rafukan da suka gurɓace ɗin nan yanzu ba a iya shan ruwansu, sannan a wata tattaunawa da ya yi rediyon FM a ƙasar, ya ce lamarin zai iya shafar ɓangaren samar da abinci a ƙasar.

"A hankali dai mutane ciyar da kanmu guba," in ji Dr Mangful.

A nata ɓangaren, WaterAid ta yi kira ga gwamnati ta ɗauki mataki game da lamarin.

A watan Satumba, gwamnatin ƙasar ta ce an yanke wa ƴan ƙasar 76 da ƴan ƙasashen waje 18 hukunci bayan samun su da laifin haƙo ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba a watan Agustan 2021, sannnan an yanke wa wasu mutum 850 hukunci.

Haƙo ma'adinan ya kuma shafi noman coco, inda hukumar da ke kula da noman coco a ƙasar ta ce a shekarar 2021, sama da kadada 19,000 na gonakin coco ne suka lalace a yankunan da ake noman sosai kamar yankin Ashanti.

Haka kuma harkar ta shafi noman shinkafa, inda wata manomiya a yankin Ahafo ta shaida wa BBC cewa yanzu ba ta iya amfani da rafin kusa da su domin ban-ruwan gonarta.

Manomiyar, wadda ba ta so a ambaci sunanta lamarin zai cigaba da ta'azzara ne har sai dai idan an kama manyan da suke cikin harkar, an yanke musu hukunci.

Gwamnatin ƙasar ba ƙi ta amsa buƙatar BBC na neman ƙarin haske.

Hauhawar farashin zinare a kasuwannin duniya ta taimaka wajen ƙara jan hankalin masu harkar, kuma ana tunanin za a ci gaba da samun irin haka.

Ana fitar da zinaren ne zuwa ƙasashen waje - wataƙila zuwa UAE da China da India - domin a gyara, a haɗa su da wasu zinaren a cikin a sayar a kasuwannin duniya, kamar yadda wani wakilin BBC, Jewell Kirioungi ya bayyana a shirin podcast.

Haka kuma rashin aikin yi, wanda ya dabaibaye ƙasar, duk da arzikinta ya taimaka wajen ƙara ta'azzara lamarin.

Wannan ya sa matasa da dama marasa aikin yi suke rububin shiga harkar, inda suke samun har zuwa cedis na Ghana 2,000 ($125; £96) a mako - kusan albashin malamin makaranta a wata.

Bayan zanga-zanga da aka gudanar a Accra, shugaban ƙasar Ghana, Nana Akufo-Addo ya yi jawabi a makon jiya, inda ya bayar da umarni a tura jiragen ruwan sojojin ruwa domin yaƙi da masu harkar haƙo ma'adinai ko dai bisa ƙa'ida da ma waɗanda ba bisa ƙa'ida ba baki ɗaya, da kuma kusa da rafuka.

Amma wasu ƴan jam'iyyar NPP sun ce ba sa tsammanin za a samu wani sauyi saboda yawancin magoya bayansu, kuma ba za su yi sakacin rasa magoya bayan mutanen su, a daidai lokacin da ake fuskantar zaɓe a watan Disamba.

Lokacin da shugaban ƙasa Akufo-Adda ya karɓi mulki a 2027, ya tabbatar da cewa jami'an tsaro da ƴan kasuwa da ƴan siyasa suna cikin harkar haƙo ma'adinai ba bisa ƙa'ida ba.

A daidai lokacin da yake shirin barin mulki bayan zangonsa na biyu, masu sukarsa sun ce ya gaza cika alƙawarin da ya ɗauka.